docker容器使用

一、安装docker

1、安装依赖环境

[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data  lvm2

2、准备镜像源

[root@jenkins ~]# curl https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

3、安装docker-ce

[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

4.启动docker

[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker

[root@docker ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@docker ~]# docker version                     #查看docker版本
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.5
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.12.12
 Git commit:        633a0ea
 Built:             Wed Nov 13 07:25:41 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.5
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.12.12
  Git commit:       633a0ea
  Built:            Wed Nov 13 07:24:18 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.10
  GitCommit:        b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc8+dev
  GitCommit:        3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

[root@docker ~]# docker info                #查看docker信息
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 19.03.5
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 972.4MiB
 Name: docker
 ID: MJYZ:MXJU:3YP2:MZMX:U2C4:XPYQ:WH4Q:75AW:YYDW:X72L:NGGB:VBQX
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

5、阿里云镜像加速器

https://account.aliyun.com         #阿里云网站

针对Docker客户端版本大于 1.10.0 的用户

您可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器

[root@docker ~]# cat <<EOF>/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://你的阿里云镜像加速器.com"]
}
EOF

[root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload　　　　#重新加载配置 
[root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker　　　　#重启服务

二、docker关于镜像的基本操作

#查看docker镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx

-s指定好评数

#下载镜像

[root@docker ~]#docker pull nginx
注：如果不加标签默认下载latest，最新的镜像

#查看以下载的镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              4152a9608752        7 hours ago         126MB

#查看镜像ID号

[root@docker ~]# docker inspect nginx

#更改镜像名称和标签名

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mynginx             zhu                 4152a9608752        7 hours ago         126MB
nginx               latest              4152a9608752        7 hours ago         126MB

#删除镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi mynginx:zhu
Untagged: mynginx:zhu
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              4152a9608752        7 hours ago         126MB
#保存镜像到本地

[root@docker ~]# docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:latest
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg    nginx.tar            

#将本地文件导入容器

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:9916837e6b165e967e2beb5a586b1c980084d08eb3b3d7f79178a0c79426d880
Deleted: sha256:4152a960875253728e0ba43da37d023e4626c43a268ca0a9c6083119542119fb
Deleted: sha256:1cdfdca2c291c5d20901fcedf580cfb67252d515e4d8bcbd5c9f0d60d7a1ee10
Deleted: sha256:dd9ce25e5c89862300ac75fc6cd2071c572aabeff7e4685238a1d41066af6500
Deleted: sha256:b67d19e65ef653823ed62a5835399c610a40e8205c16f839c5cc567954fcf594
[root@docker ~]# docker load < nginx.tar
b67d19e65ef6: Loading layer   72.5MB/72.5MB
de1b802e9897: Loading layer  57.67MB/57.67MB
c2d3130eb3f6: Loading layer  3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              4152a9608752        7 hours ago         126MB

#将镜像上传到仓库

[root@docker ~]# docker push nginx:latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/nginx]

三、docker关于容器的基本操作

#创建容器

[root@docker ~]# docker create -it nginx /bin/bash

#查看开启的容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps

#查看所有容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

#创建并启动容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -p 80:80 -v /html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx /bin/bash
root@3a529257d0ec:/# exit
exit
[root@docker ~]#

exit：退出并关闭容器 

Ctrl+p+q：只退出不关闭容器

 

#启动容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
3a529257d0ec        nginx               "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                       modest_spence
01f1b4af534f        nginx               "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Created                                        intelligent_ride
[root@docker ~]# docker start 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
3a529257d0ec        nginx               "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                       modest_spence
01f1b4af534f        nginx               "/bin/bash"         11 minutes ago      Up 2 seconds               80/tcp              intelligent_ride

#关闭容器

[root@docker ~]# docker stop 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
3a529257d0ec        nginx               "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                       modest_spence
01f1b4af534f        nginx               "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Exited (0) 2 seconds ago                       intelligent_ride

#关闭容器

[root@docker ~]# docker kill 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
3a529257d0ec        nginx               "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                        modest_spence
01f1b4af534f        nginx               "/bin/bash"         14 minutes ago      Exited (137) 1 second ago                       intelligent_ride

#重启容器

[root@docker ~]# docker restart 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
3a529257d0ec        nginx               "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                       modest_spence
01f1b4af534f        nginx               "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Up 3 seconds               80/tcp              intelligent_ride

#删除容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
3a529257d0ec        nginx               "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                          modest_spence
01f1b4af534f        nginx               "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Exited (137) 58 seconds ago                       intelligent_ride
[root@docker ~]# docker rm -f 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
3a529257d0ec        nginx               "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                       modest_spence

#查看容器输出信息

[root@docker ~]# docker logs 3a529257d0ec（容器ID）

#切入到容器内部

[root@docker ~]# docker restart 3a529257d0ec
3a529257d0ec
[root@docker ~]# docker attach 3a529257d0ec
root@3a529257d0ec:/#

[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 3a529257d0ec /bin/bash
root@3a529257d0ec:/#

#导出容器

[root@docker ~]# docker export 6e328d9c3383 > nginx:zhu
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg   nginx:zhu  nginx.tar          

#导入容器

[root@docker ~]# cat nginx:zhu | docker import - nginx:zhu
sha256:ca8e688f8cc83400216bd1be54d1ed3f60455016b6ce95b469ddcfbc9d3c5c6b
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               zhu                 ca8e688f8cc8        11 seconds ago      125MB
nginx               latest              4152a9608752        8 hours ago         126MB

#将真机文件复制到docker容器中

[root@docker ~]# touch 123.txt
[root@docker ~]# docker cp 123.txt 6e328d9c3383:/web

[root@docker ~]# docker attach 6e328d9c3383