• sizeof操作符的一些例子


     例一:

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    class A
    {
    public:
        char c;
    };
    
    class B
    {
    public:
        int a;
        short b;
    };
    
    class C
    {
    public:
        int a;
        short b;
        char c;
    };
    
    class D
    {
    public:
        int a;
        short b;
        char c;
        char d;
    };
    
    class E
    {
    public:
        int a;
        short b;
        char c;
        char d;
        char e;
    };
    
    int main()
    {
        cout<< "sizeof(A) = " <<sizeof(A) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(B) = " <<sizeof(B) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(C) = " <<sizeof(C) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(D) = " <<sizeof(D) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(E) = " <<sizeof(E) << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    View Code

    输出:

    这里是32位机器,sizeof(B)=8,sizeof(C)=8,sizeof(E)=12的原因是字节对齐,编译器会在最末一个成员之后填充字节。

    例二:

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    class Base
    {
    public:
        Base(int x) : a(x)
        {}
        void print()
        {
            cout << "Base" << endl;
        }
    private:
        int a;
    };
    
    class Derived : public Base
    {
    public:
        Derived(int x) : Base(x - 1), b(x)
        {}
        void print()
        {
            cout << "Derived" << endl;
        }
    private:
        int b;
    };
    
    class A
    {
    public:
        A(int x) : a(x)
        {}
        virtual void print()
        {
            cout << "A" << endl;
        }
    private:
        int a;
    };
    
    class B : public A
    {
    public:
        B(int x) : A(x - 1), b(x)
        {}
        virtual void print()
        {
            cout << "B" << endl;
        }
    private:
        int b;
    };
    
    int main()
    {
        cout<< "sizeof(Base) = " <<sizeof(Base) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(Derived) = " <<sizeof(Derived) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(A) = " <<sizeof(A) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(B) = " <<sizeof(B) << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    View Code

    输出:

    sizeof(Base)=4,int占4字节,print()函数不占内存;

    sizeof(Derived)=8,比Base多一个int成员;

    sizeof(A)=8,int占4字节,但是含有虚函数,包含了一个隐含的虚表指针成员,占4字节,共计8字节;

    sizeof(B)=12,比A多一个int成员,共计12字节;

    这里可能会存在一个疑问:B中也存在一个指向虚函数表的指针,所以应该是16字节。

    解释:虚表指针(vptr)是作为对象的一部分存在于对象的空间中,一个类只有一个虚表指针,所以A中的虚表指针和B中的虚表指针是同一个,所以是12字节。

    例三:

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    class A
    {
    };
    
    class B
    {
    };
    
    class C : public A, public B
    {
    };
    
    class D : virtual public A
    {
    };
    
    class E : virtual public A, virtual public B
    {
    };
    
    class F : public D
    {
    };
    
    class G
    {
    public:
        int a;
        static int b;
    };
    
    int main()
    {
        cout<< "sizeof(A) = " <<sizeof(A) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(B) = " <<sizeof(B) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(C) = " <<sizeof(C) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(D) = " <<sizeof(D) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(E) = " <<sizeof(E) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(F) = " <<sizeof(F) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(G) = " <<sizeof(G) << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    View Code

    输出:

    sizeof(A) = 1,类A是空类,编译器会安插一个char空类,标记它的每一个对象,因此为1字节;
    sizeof(B) = 1,同上;
    sizeof(C) = 1,类C多重继承类A和类B,大小仍然为1字节;
    sizeof(D) = 4,类D虚继承自A,编译器安插了一个指向父类的指针,大小为4字节;
    sizeof(E) = 4,类E虚继承自A和B,因此它有指向父类A和父类B的指针,加起来为8字节。注意:在GNU编译器下编译字节是4字节;
    sizeof(F) = 4,类F继承D,大小为4字节;
    sizeof(G) = 4,类G有一个static成员,这个静态成员不在类的实例中,而是像全局变量一样在静态存储区中,被类G共享,所以只计算一个int成员,为4字节;

    PS:如果在A中加入char a;

    输出:sizeof(D) = 8 sizeof(E) = 8 sizeof(F) = 8 ,理由是字节对齐。

    例四:

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    union u1
    {
        double a;
        int b;
    };
    
    union u2
    {
        char a[13];
        int b;
    };
    
    union u3
    {
        char a[13];
        char b;
    };
    
    int main()
    {
        cout<< "sizeof(u1) = " <<sizeof(u1) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(u2) = " <<sizeof(u2) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(u3) = " <<sizeof(u3) << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    View Code

    输出:

    这里定义了三个联合体。联合体的大小取决于它所有成员中占用空间最大的一个成员的大小。对于符合数据类型,例如union,struct,class,对齐方式为成员中最大成员的对齐方式。

    sizeof(u1) = 8,最大成员为double a,为8;
    sizeof(u2) = 16,最大成员是char[13]的数组,但由于另一个成员int b,使u2的对齐方式变成4,所以u2的大小为4的倍数,所以占用的空间由13对齐成16;
    sizeof(u3) = 13,最大成员是char[13]的数组,另一个成员char b,所以大小为13;

    例五:(查看32位和64位机器字节大小)

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    int main()
    {
        cout<< "sizeof(char) = " <<sizeof(char) << endl;
            cout<< "sizeof(short) = " <<sizeof(short) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(int) = " << sizeof(int) <<endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(double) = " <<sizeof(double) << endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(long) = " <<sizeof(long) << endl;    
        cout<< "sizeof(longlong) = " <<sizeof(long long) << endl;
            
        cout<< "sizeof(void*) = " << sizeof(void*) <<endl;
        cout<< "sizeof(char*) = " << sizeof(char*) <<endl;
        
        cout<< "当前系统是sizeof(void*) * 8 = " << sizeof(void*)*8<<""<<endl;
        
        return 0;
    }

    32位输出:

    64位输出:

    sizeof(char) = 1
    sizeof(short) = 2
    sizeof(int) = 4
    sizeof(double) = 8
    sizeof(long) = 8
    sizeof(longlong) = 8
    sizeof(void*) = 8
    sizeof(char*) = 8
    当前系统是sizeof(void*) * 8 = 64位

    说明:

    1.long型变量在32位是4字节,64位是8字节

    2.指针变量在32位是4字节,64位是8字节

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Brickert/p/10705656.html
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