Centos6.5安装Oracle11.2.0.4 RAC(完整版)

环境参数：Linux：Centos6.5 Grid和Oracle:11.2.0.4
一、环境配置
1.配置Node1和Node2两个节点之间的网卡
Node1:

[root@rac1 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=08:00:27:E6:6A:DF
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=543aef46-94aa-442f-9259-8584588c5e66
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.8.221
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.8.1
DNS1=221.228.255.1

[root@rac1 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
HWADDR=08:00:27:72:5A:8F
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=172.168.1.18

Node2:

[root@rac2 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=08:00:27:1B:D9:5A
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=543aef46-94aa-442f-9259-8584588c5e66
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.8.223
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.8.1
DNS1=221.228.255.1

[root@rac2 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
HWADDR=08:00:27:39:5F:8C
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=172.168.1.19

2.配置/etc/hosts主机文件

[root@rac1 network-scripts]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

#node1
192.168.8.221 rac1 rac1.oracle.com
192.168.8.222 rac1-vip
172.168.1.18  rac1-priv

#node2
192.168.8.223 rac2 rac2.oracle.com
192.168.8.224 rac2-vip
172.168.1.19  rac2-priv

#scan-ip
192.168.8.225 rac-cluster rac-cluster-scan

3.配置DNS(略，可以暂时不配置)

4.关闭防火墙

service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off

5.关闭Selinux

vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

6.创建用户和组

--创建用户:
groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba
groupadd -g 1202 asmoper
groupadd -g 1300 dba
groupadd -g 1301 oper
--创建组：
useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle
--创建密码：
passwd grid
passwd oracle

7.配置用户的环境变量

Node1：

--grid用户:
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2.0
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export LANG=en_US
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
umask 022

--oracle用户:
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
#export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export LANG=en_US
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'
umask 022

Node2：

--grid用户:
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2.0
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export LANG=en_US
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
umask 022

--oracle用户:
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac2
export ORACLE_SID=orcl2
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
#export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export LANG=en_US
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'
umask 022

8.创建所需目录

mkdir -p /u01/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid/11.2.0
mkdir -p /u01/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid/11.2.0
chmod -R 775 /u01

9.配置limits.conf增加如配置

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle           soft   nofile           1024
oracle           hard   nofile           65536
oracle           soft   nproc            2047
oracle           hard   nproc            16384
oracle           soft   stack            10240
oracle           hard   stack            32768
grid             soft   nofile           1024
grid             hard   nofile           65536
grid             soft   nproc            2047
grid             hard   nproc            16384
grid             soft   stack            10240
grid             hard   stack            32768

10.修改内核参数

--注意将原来参数shmmall和shmmax注释掉
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

--使sysctl生效
sysctl -p

11.停止NTP服务

service ntpd stop
chkconfig ntpd off
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak

11.安装相关软件包

yum install gcc compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel glibc-devel glibc-headers gcc-c++ libaio-devel libstdc++-devel pdksh compat-libcap1-*

 

12.配置共享存储

for i in b c d e f g ;
do
echo "KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="`/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`", NAME="asm-disk$i", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660""      >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
done

--执行
/sbin/start_udev

 

13.上传并解压grid和oracle安装包(略)

 

二、Grid软件安装

1.安装grid，以grid用户登录，并执行./runInstaller进入安装界面

2.进入界面选择跳过软件更新，点击Next

2.选择Grid Infrastructure，点击Next：

3.选择高级安装，点击Next

4.默认Englist，点击Next

5.去掉Configure GNS选项，点击Next

6.点击Add选项，输入对应参数，参考/etc/hosts文件中配置

7.点击SSH Connectivity,输入grid的密码，点击Setup等待配置完成，然后点击Next

8.确认网络接口，eth0为Public,eth1为Private

9.选择Oracle ASM,点击Next

10.输入Disk Group Name,点击Change Discovery Path，在弹出的对话框中输入磁盘的路径，点击OK

11.选择ASM磁盘，点击Next

11.输入口令密码，点击Next

12.选择不使用IPMI，点击Next

13.默认选择，点击Next

14.确认Grid的安装路径，其中Grid软件的ORACLE_HOME不能是ORACLE_BASE的子目录

15.默认Inverntory,点击Next

16.该错误可以从Grid的安装文件的rpm目录下获取，Node1和Node2都安装即可，Device Checks for ASM可忽略

17.进入安装Grid安装前的概要信息界面，点击Install进行安装

18.根据红框中信息，现在Node1节点执行2个脚本，Node1节点全部执行完毕后，再在Node2上分别执行2个脚本，全部执行完毕后，点击OK，执行下一步

脚本执行结果如下

Node1：

[root@rac1 rpm]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

[root@rac1 rpm]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
User ignored Prerequisites during installation
Installing Trace File Analyzer
OLR initialization - successful
root wallet
root wallet cert
root cert export
peer wallet
profile reader wallet
pa wallet
peer wallet keys
pa wallet keys
peer cert request
pa cert request
peer cert
pa cert
peer root cert TP
profile reader root cert TP
pa root cert TP
peer pa cert TP
pa peer cert TP
profile reader pa cert TP
profile reader peer cert TP
peer user cert
pa user cert
Adding Clusterware entries to upstart
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' succeeded

ASM created and started successfully.

Disk Group SYSTEMDG created successfully.

clscfg: -install mode specified
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 03bd9e6851cf4fb4bf4c92e24a3d71cc.
Successful addition of voting disk 362f2cfb5b3d4f29bf319c668e0efbe4.
Successful addition of voting disk 57659c53f4284fbdbfeabafb20c3fbdd.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +SYSTEMDG.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 03bd9e6851cf4fb4bf4c92e24a3d71cc (/dev/asm-diskb) [SYSTEMDG]
2. ONLINE 362f2cfb5b3d4f29bf319c668e0efbe4 (/dev/asm-diskc) [SYSTEMDG]
3. ONLINE 57659c53f4284fbdbfeabafb20c3fbdd (/dev/asm-diskd) [SYSTEMDG]
Located 3 voting disk(s).
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.SYSTEMDG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.SYSTEMDG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

Node2：

[root@rac2 grid]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

[root@rac2 grid]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
User ignored Prerequisites during installation
Installing Trace File Analyzer
OLR initialization - successful
Adding Clusterware entries to upstart
CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node rac1, number 1, and is terminating
An active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the cluster
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

19.临近执行完毕时，报了一个INS-20802的这种错误，导致这个错误的原因是在/etc/hosts中配置了SCAN的地址，尝试ping这个地址信息，如果可以成功，则这个错误可以忽略。

20.最后单击Close，完成Grid软件在Node1和Node2的安装操作

 

三、安装Oracle软件

1.安装oracle，以oracle用户登录，并执行./runInstaller进入安装界面

2.直接点击Next

3.选择跳过软件更新，点击Next

4.选则只安装数据库软件，点击Next

5.点击SSH Connectivity,输入Oracle的密码，点击setup，有如下提示，说明成功

6.默认English，点击Next

7.选择Enterprise Edition

8.默认路径，点击Next

9.选择Oracle用户组，默认选择，点击Next

10.Swap size错误增大即可，SCAN错误前面说过，选择Ignore all，点击Next

11.Oracle安装概要信息，点击Next

12.分别在Node1和Node2执行脚本

13.最后点击Close安装完成

四、创建ASM磁盘组

1.以grid用户登录，输入asmca命令，弹出ASM配置界面，点击Create

2.输入Disk Group Name，点击OK，会提示创建成功

3.创建成功后，会发现多出来一行记录，但是在state只显示MOUNTED(1of2)

4.点击Mount ALL,成功后state显示MOUNTED(2of2)，点击Exit退出

五、安装数据库实例

1.使用Oracle用户登录，执行dbca命令，弹出如下界面，选择第一项，点击Next

2.点击创建数据库选项，点击Next

3.根据工作中的实际情况选择对应的模板，这里以默认模板为例

4.选择rac1和rac2，输入orcl实例名，点击Next

5.根据实际情况选择是否配置EM，点击Next

6.配置Oracle相关密码，点击Next

7.选择存储ASM,默认选择之前创建的磁盘组，点击Next

8.根据实际情况选择是否启用闪回恢复区，如果启用，需要在asmca中配置闪回区或放入到DATADG中，这里不配置

9.根据实际选择，这里不选择，点击Next

10.这里着重注意下配置正确的字符集，根据实际生产要求，点击Next

11.默认选择数据库存储信息，点击Next

12.点击Finish，开始创建数据库

13.最后完成数据库创建

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