• 【Git学习笔记】初始化Git仓库和版本回退


    学习地址 http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000

    什么是版本库呢?版本库又名仓库,英文名repository,你可以简单理解成一个目录,这个目录里面的所有文件都可以被Git管理起来,每个文件的修改、删除,Git都能跟踪,以便任何时刻都可以追踪历史,或者在将来某个时刻可以“还原”。

    1. 初始化Git仓库

    创建空目录

    $ mkdir learngit
    $ cd learngit
    $ pwd
    /d/mycode/learngit

    把目录变成Git可以管理的仓库

    $ git init
    Initialized empty Git repository in d:/mycode/learngit/.git/

    2. 添加文件到Git仓库

    在 learngit 创建 readme.txt文件,内容是

    Git is a version control system.
    Git is free software.

    然后

    $ git add readme.txt
    $ git commit -m "wrote a readme file"
    [master (root-commit) 01f8c13] wrote a readme file 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) create mode 100644 readme.txt

    3. 查看工作区状态和文件修改内容

    修改的 readme.txt内容为:

    Git is a distributed version control system.
    Git is free software.

     git status 命令可以让我们时刻掌握仓库当前的状态

    $ git status
    On branch master
    Changes not staged for commit:
      (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
      (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
    
            modified:   readme.txt
    
    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

     git diff 命令查看文件具体修改内容

    $ git diff readme.txt
    diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt
    index d8036c1..013b5bc 100644
    --- a/readme.txt
    +++ b/readme.txt
    @@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
    -Git is a version control system.
    +Git is a distributed version control system.
     Git is free software.
     No newline at end of file

    版本回退

    将上面的修改上传到git仓库中,经过n次的修改和上传后,git仓库已经有好多的版本了。

     git log 命令用来查看上传日志

    $ git log
    commit ce0986a8d1603fdeeb68e66b54ab7f696e4a602f
    Author: liuchuanwei <1254428526@qq.com>
    Date:   Wed Dec 14 14:50:17 2016 +0800
    
        modify readme.txt
    
    commit 01f8c13a493c3fe08c7bdfceb22a19a0b5f20189
    Author: liuchuanwei <1254428526@qq.com>
    Date:   Wed Dec 14 14:31:19 2016 +0800
    
        wrote a readme file

    如果嫌输出的信息太多太杂乱,可以是添加参数  --pretty=oneline 

    $ git log --pretty=oneline
    ce0986a8d1603fdeeb68e66b54ab7f696e4a602f modify readme.txt
    01f8c13a493c3fe08c7bdfceb22a19a0b5f20189 wrote a readme file

     

    git reset --hard HEAD^ 回退到上一个版本,如果回退到上上个版本,则 HEAD^^ ,当然往上100个版本写100个^比较不容易数过来,所以写成HEAD~100

    $ git reset --hard HEAD^
    HEAD is now at 01f8c13 wrote a readme file

    这时再用 git log 命令来查看版本,发现版本 modify readme.txt 不见了,就好像你从21世纪坐时光穿梭机来到了19世纪,想再回去已经回不去了,肿么办?

    $ git log
    commit 01f8c13a493c3fe08c7bdfceb22a19a0b5f20189
    Author: liuchuanwei <1254428526@qq.com>
    Date:   Wed Dec 14 14:31:19 2016 +0800
    
        wrote a readme file

    办法还是有的,只要找到版本 modify readme.txt 的commit_id ,即  ce0986a... ,它是用SHA1计算出的数字,用十六进制表示

     git reset --hard comit_id 回到指定 commit_id 的版本,commit_id 不用写全,只要git能确定版本就行

    $ git reset --hard ce0986
    HEAD is now at ce0986a modify readme.txt

    要重返未来,用 git reflog 查看命令历史,以便确定要回到未来的哪个版本。

    $ git reflog
    ce0986a HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to ce0986
    01f8c13 HEAD@{1}: reset: moving to HEAD^
    ce0986a HEAD@{2}: reset: moving to ce0986
    01f8c13 HEAD@{3}: reset: moving to HEAD~1
    ce0986a HEAD@{4}: reset: moving to ce0986
    01f8c13 HEAD@{5}: reset: moving to HEAD^
    ce0986a HEAD@{6}: commit: modify readme.txt
    01f8c13 HEAD@{7}: commit (initial): wrote a readme file
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lhat/p/5600955.html
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