结构体作为map的key或放入set中,需要重载<运算符,如下: typedef struct tagRoadKey { int m_i32Type; int m_i32Scale; bool operator <(const tagRoadKey& other) const // 注意是const函数!! { if (m_i32Type != other.m_i32Type) // 类型按升序排序 { return (m_i32Type < other.m_i32Type); } else // 如果类型相同,按比例尺升序排序 { return (m_i32Scale < other.m_i32Scale); } } } RoadKey; 也可以重载>运算符,示例如下: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <map> using namespace std; class Array { private: int m_i32Num1; int m_i32Num2; public: Array(int i32Num1, int i32Num2); bool operator >(const Array& other) const; }; Array::Array(int i32Num1, int i32Num2) { m_i32Num1 = i32Num1; m_i32Num2 = i32Num2; } bool Array::operator >(const Array& other) const { if (m_i32Num1 > other.m_i32Num1) { return true; } else { return false; } } // 此结构体作为map的value struct TInfo { int m_i32Num1; int m_i32Num2; }; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { map<Array, TInfo, greater<Array> > stMap; TInfo stInfo1 = { 1, 1}; stMap.insert(pair<Array, TInfo>(Array(1, 2), stInfo1)); TInfo stInfo2 = { 2, 1, 1 }; stMap.insert(pair<Array, TInfo>(Array(2, 2), stInfo2)); TInfo stInfo3 = { 3, 1, 1 }; stMap.insert(pair<Array, TInfo>(Array(3, 2), stInfo3)); for (map<Array, TInfo, greater<Array> >::iterator it = stMap.begin(); it != stMap.end(); ++it) { cout << it->second.m_i32Num1 << endl; } return 0; } 说明: map缺省是用less<Key>作为比较器,所以它要求作为Key的类要重载“<”操作符,没有重载“<”操作符,而是重载了“>”操作符就会报错。 反之,也可以显式地用greater<Key>作为比较器,此时就必要重载Key类中的“>”操作符了。 附:stl中map和set的声明,二者比较像,底层都是用红黑树实现的 template < class Key, class Compare = less<Key>, class Allocator = allocator<Key> > class set; template < class Key, class T, class Compare = less<Key>, class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key,T> > > class map; template < class Key, class Compare = less<Key>, class Allocator = allocator<Key> > class multiset; template < class Key, class T, class Compare = less<Key>, class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key,T> > > class multimap; 从上面的声明可以看出,也可以定义一个函数对象Compare,声明map或set类型时传进入,如: struct TTimeCompare { bool operator ()(const CTimerEvent* po1, const CTimerEvent* po2)const { return (po1->m_oNextTick < po2->m_oNextTick); } }; typedef multiset<CTimerEvent*, TTimeCompare> TEventSet; struct ltstr // less than { bool operator()(const char* s1, const char* s2) const { return strcmp(s1, s2) < 0; } }; set<const char*, ltstr> stSet; // set<Key, Compare, Alloc> map<const char*, int, ltstr> stMap; // map<Key, Data, Compare, Alloc> struct eqstr // equal { bool operator()(const char* s1, const char* s2) const { return strcmp(s1, s2) == 0; } }; hash_map<const char*, int, hash<const char*>, eqstr> stHashMap; // hash_map<Key, Data, HashFcn, EqualKey, Alloc> // 自定义hash函数 namespace std { template<> struct hash<KEY_TYPE> { size_t operator()(const KEY_TYPE& key) const { //return key.Hash(); } }; }
相等的时候返回false,否则报错