04docker容器操作

操作Docker container

容器是镜像的一个运行实例，镜像是静态的只读文件，容器带有运行时需要的可写文件层，同时，容器中的应用进程处于运行状态

1：新建一个容器

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker create -it ubuntu:18.04 
05ebf18db758ddf8ff238cbc85e108235e5742587eefddb4272e980e1f504854
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
05ebf18db758        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash"         14 seconds ago      Created                                         frosty_northcutt

#创建的容器处于停止状态

2:启动一个容器

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker start 05ebf18db758
05ebf18db758
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
05ebf18db758        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash"         3 minutes ago       Up 7 seconds                                    frosty_northcutt

3:新建并启动容器

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker run -it ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash
root@292c73812a92:/# 
#-t选项让Docker分配一个伪终端（pseudo-tty）并绑定到容器的标准输入上，-i则让容器的标准输入保持打开。
#man docker-run


-d:让容器以守护态运行
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker run -d ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash  -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
f37eba8f478a0150a6b6f0e09148d847af479c9cc5f797e4bde2c3b44c81a3da
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
f37eba8f478a        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   11 seconds ago      Up 11 seconds                           youthful_boyd

查看某容器的输出
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker logs f37eba8f478a
hello world
hello world
hello world
...

4:停止容器

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker run --name test  -d   --rm -it ubuntu:18.04 bash   #后台运行一个容器
9834e3c598f85531902cee9734af1d847e09fa82ef63e4235358e86a69dca1fc 
# --name  :Assign a name to the container
# --rm:可以与-d一起工作，自动删除将在守护进程端完成

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker pause test          #停止容器
test

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps                 #查看容器状态，处于(Paused) 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
9834e3c598f8        ubuntu:18.04        "bash"              About a minute ago   Up About a minute (Paused)                       test


ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker unpause test   #恢复容器
test
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
9834e3c598f8        ubuntu:18.04        "bash"              2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            test

5：终止容器|重新启动容器

#终止容器
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker stop test  
test

#:查看容器
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
f37eba8f478a        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   16 minutes ago      Exited (137) 10 minutes ago                       youthful_boyd

#启动容器
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker start  f37eba8f478a     
f37eba8f478a

#重启容器
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker restart  f37eba8f478a
f37eba8f478a

6：进入容器---当使用-d参数的容器就会进入后台，用户无法看到容器中的信息，也无法进行操作

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker run -itd ubuntu:18.04    #后台运行容器
e3b8bf83a13e3a79cf63ee1e7cc6ead2bb5ad30de5d820e89b63a0a2be38a005
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 

#进入刚创立的容器中，并且打开一个新的bash终端
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker exec -it e3b8bf83a13e3a79cf   /bin/bash
root@e3b8bf83a13e:/# 

7:删除容器-----删除处于终止或者退出状态的容器

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
e3b8bf83a13e        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash"              4 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                                     modest_rosalind


ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker  rm -f e3b8bf83a13e   # -f:	强制删除正在运行的容器
e3b8bf83a13e

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
f37eba8f478a        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   39 minutes ago      Exited (137) 5 minutes ago                       youthful_boyd
fc37c81884cf        ubuntu:18.04        "-c 'while true;do e…"   39 minutes ago      Created                                          peaceful_sammet
292c73812a92        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash"              43 minutes ago      Exited (0) 41 minutes ago                        happy_nobel

#一次性删除多个容器
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker rm $(docker ps -aq)  
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm   

8：导入和导出容器---将容器从一个系统导入到另一个系统

创建一个正在运行和退出的容器
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker run -d -it ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash    
c3637c3828b88995f9db358fb08dbc8d66bacb5605f764a75a2343340ec2bebd
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker run -it ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash
root@4f595f3e726d:/# exit
exit
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
4f595f3e726d        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash"         9 seconds ago       Exited (0) 5 seconds ago                       hungry_leavitt
c3637c3828b8        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash"         29 seconds ago      Up 29 seconds                                  nifty_ritchie

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker export  -o test_stop.tar 4f5    #导出一个退出的容器
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker export  -o test_run.tar c36     #导出一个正在运行的容器
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ls -lt 
total 195112
-rw-------  1 ubuntu ubuntu 66570752 Nov 14 21:30 test_run.tar
-rw-------  1 ubuntu ubuntu 66571776 Nov 14 21:29 test_stop.tar

导出的文件可以通过docker import 命令导入为镜像.

scp到另一台服务器上：
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ scp -r test_run.tar root@192.168.1.10:/home

#格式：docker  import  [-c|--change[=[]]]  [-m|--message[=MESSAGE]]  file|URL|[REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

[root@localhost home]# docker import test_run.tar  test/ubuntu:v1.0 
sha256:7d1a701d2885277b0cbb5160a9947eec965b612d4674e872a62047ef0d3f1b39
[root@localhost home]# docker images   #新服务器上查看镜像
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test/ubuntu         v1.0                7d1a701d2885        3 minutes ago       64.2MB
           

9：查看容器

#inspect：查看镜像的具体信息
[root@localhost home]# docker image inspect test/ubuntu:v1.0   
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:7d1a701d2885277b0cbb5160a9947eec965b612d4674e872a62047ef0d3f1b39",
        "RepoTags": [
            "test/ubuntu:v1.0"
 ...
 #查看容器的具体信息
 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker container inspect  c3637c3828b8
[
    {
        "Id": "c3637c3828b88995f9db358fb08dbc8d66bacb5605f764a75a2343340ec2bebd",
        "Created": "2019-11-14T13:20:17.367777873Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
 ...
 
 

#查看容器内进程可以使用docker [container] top [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]子命令
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker top  c3637c3828b8 

#查看统计信息可以使用docker [container] stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]子命令，会显示CPU、内存、存储、网络等使用情况的统计信息
-a :输出所有统计信息，默认仅输出运行中的

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker stats -a

10：复制文件:可以在容器和主机之间复制文件

命令格式为docker [container] cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|- 。

#将本地路径的test.txt 复制到 容器的/tmp下
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a       
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
4f595f3e726d        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash"         About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                       hungry_leavitt
c3637c3828b8        ubuntu:18.04        "/bin/bash"         About an hour ago   Up About an hour                                   nifty_ritchie
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker cp test.txt c3637c3828b8:/tmp
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker exec -it c3637c3828b8 /bin/bash   
root@c3637c3828b8:/# cd /tmp/
root@c3637c3828b8:/tmp# ls
test.txt
root@c3637c3828b8:/tmp# 

11：查看容器变更

命令格式为docker [container] diff CONTAINER

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker diff c3637c3828b8
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
C /tmp
A /tmp/test.txt

12:查看端口映射

命令格式为docker container port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker port  c3637c3828b8   #没有映射端口

小结：

docker container help命令查看Docker支持的容器操作子命令

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ docker container help

Usage: docker container COMMAND

Manage containers

Options:

Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers
kill Kill one or more running containers
logs Fetch the logs of a container
ls List containers
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
prune Remove all stopped containers
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
run Run a command in a new container
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.