参考：http://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail/5974154.html?spm=5176.788314850.3.2.hUqwXo
1、在阿里云上购买了服务器，又另外买了一块数据盘，这个时候就需要对数据盘进行分区和格式化。
2、使用ssh连接到云服务器，查看数据盘。
1）在没有分区和格式化数据盘之前，使用 “df –h”命令，是无法看到数据盘的，如下：
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 20G 1.4G 18G 8% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#
2）使用 “fdisk -l” 命令查看
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#
能够看到 Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes 这就是要分区和格式化的数据盘
3）友情提示：若您执行fdisk -l命令，发现没有 /dev/xvdb 表明您的云服务无数据盘，那么您无需进行挂载，此时该教程对您不适用
3、对数据盘进行分区
1）执行“fdisk -S 56 /dev/xvdb”命令，对数据盘进行分区；
2）根据提示，依次输入“n”，“p” ，“1”，两次回车，“wq”，分区就开始了，很快就会完成。
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -S 56 /dev/xvdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x94d1a2b8. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-8811, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-8811, default 8811): Using default value 8811 Command (m for help): wq The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#
4、查看新的分区
使用“fdisk -l”命令可以看到，新的分区xvdb1已经建立完成了。
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes 255 heads, 56 sectors/track, 8811 cylinders Units = cylinders of 14280 * 512 = 7311360 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x94d1a2b8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdb1 1 8811 62910512 83 Linux [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#
5、格式化新分区
以ext4为例：使用“mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1”命令对新分区进行格式化，格式化的时间根据硬盘大小有所不同。
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 3932160 inodes, 15727628 blocks 786381 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 480 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#
6、添加分区信息
使用“echo '/dev/xvdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab”（不含引号）命令写入新分区信息。
然后使用“cat /etc/fstab”命令查看，出现以下信息就表示写入成功。
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# echo '/dev/xvdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 14 21:16:42 2014 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee / ext4 defaults,barrier=0 1 1 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/xvdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0 [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#
7、挂载新分区
使用“mount -a”命令挂载新分区，然后用“df -h”命令查看，出现以下信息就说明挂载成功，可以开始使用新的分区了。
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# mount -a [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 20G 1.5G 18G 8% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/xvdb1 60G 180M 56G 1% /mnt [root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#