vim+make+okular实现latex文档的编辑，编译和查看

环境：依旧是manjaro 最新版本：假设目录结构为~/latexCode目录下有目录src和latex源码：hello.tex和Makefile文件

首先，用vim编辑源码如下，文件名称：hello.tex：

#fileName: hello.tex

 1 \documentclass{ctexart}                                                                                            
 2 \begin{document}
 3 Hello world! from \LaTeX.
 4 \\我是谁，我在哪里？
 5 \end{document}

接着编写makefile文件，名称Makefile：

# fileName: Makefile
 1 #FILENAME=hello
 2 ${FILENAME}.pdf:${FILENAME}.dvi
 3     dvipdfm $^ -o $@
 4 ${FILENAME}.dvi:${FILENAME}.tex
 5     latex $^
 6 clean:
 7     @rm ${FILENAME}.log
 8     @rm ${FILENAME}.dvi
 9     @rm ${FILENAME}.pdf
10     @rm ${FILENAME}.aux
11     @mv ${FILENAME}.tex src/                                                                                       
12     @echo clean finished!
~                            

然后打开终端，cd ~/latexCode

make FILENAME=hello 

此处的hello和你自己的源文件名称前缀一致即可，不懂就看下make文档

中间过程为：

latex hello.tex
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.24 (TeX Live 2022/Arch Linux) (preloaded format=latex)
 restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./hello.tex
LaTeX2e <2021-11-15> patch level 1
L3 programming layer <2022-04-10>
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexart.cls
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctexbackend.cfg)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3.sty
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-dvipdfmx.def))
Document Class: ctexart 2021/12/12 v2.5.8 Chinese adapter for class article (CT
EX)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xparse/xparse.sty)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/l3keys2e/l3keys2e.sty)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexhook.sty)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexpatch.sty)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fix-cm.sty
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1enc.def))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctexopts.cfg)

Package ctex Warning: UTF8 will be used as the default encoding.

(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2021/10/04 v1.4n Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/engine/ctex-engine-pdftex.def
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjk/texinput/CJKutf8.sty
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/generic/iftex/ifpdf.sty
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/generic/iftex/iftex.sty))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjk/texinput/CJK.sty
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjk/texinput/mule/MULEenc.sty)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjk/texinput/CJK.enc))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fontenc.sty))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjkpunct/CJKpunct.sty
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjkpunct/CJKpunct.spa))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjk/texinput/CJKspace.sty)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexspa.def))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/zhnumber/zhnumber.sty
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/zhnumber/zhnumber-utf8.cfg))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/scheme/ctex-scheme-chinese-article.def
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctex-name-utf8.cfg))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctex-c5size.clo)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/fontset/ctex-fontset-fandol.def))
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctex.cfg)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjk/texinput/UTF8/UTF8.bdg)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjk/texinput/UTF8/UTF8.enc)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/cjk/texinput/UTF8/UTF8.chr)
No file hello.aux.
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/fd/c70rm.fd)
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/generic/ctex/zhmap/ctex-zhmap-fandol.tex) [1]
(./hello.aux) )
Output written on hello.dvi (1 page, 1984 bytes).
Transcript written on hello.log.
dvipdfm hello.dvi -o hello.pdf
hello.dvi -> hello.pdf
[1]
7477 bytes written

　　可能不尽相同，但只要成功即可，成功后，latexCode下多出文件：hello.aux  hello.dvi  hello.log  hello.pdf，

再此，可用用okular hello.pdf查看文件效果，如果可以就可以了，否则，就修改hello.tex文件再编译，直到效果达到需要的结果即可。

最后，清除多余的文件：

make FILENAME=hello clean

当看到clean finished！后，就把除了源文件之外的文件，包括pdf文件一起删除了，并且将hello.tex文件移动到src目录下面保护了起来了，如果觉得不是你需要的效果，请自行修改Makefile文件即可，非常容易，不再多说。

其时，假设目录结构为：～/latexCode下面有两个目录pdf   src和Makefile文件

修改Makefile文件内容：

 1 #FILENAME=hello
 2 OBJ_DIR = ./pdf
 3 SRC_DIR = ./src
 4 ${OBJ_DIR}/${Filename}.pdf:${Filename}.dvi
 5     dvipdfm $^ -o $@
 6 ${Filename}.dvi:${SRC_DIR}/${Filename}.tex
 7     latex $^
 8 clean:
 9     @rm ${Filename}.log
10     @rm ${Filename}.dvi
11     @rm ${Filename}.aux
12 #   @mv ${Filename}.pdf pdf/                                                                                       
13 #   @mv ${Filename}.tex src/
14     @echo clean finished!

编译方式，依旧是make Filename=hello就在pdf目录生成了hello.pdf文件，此时的源文件hello.tex在src目录下，这样目录结构更加清晰，临时文件就在当前目录下，结束后只要执行make Filename=hello clean清理下就把所有的临时文件清除了。基本达到了可用的状态了吧