制作OpenStack使用的windows镜像

1 安装vmware14

2 创建ubuntu-desktop-16.04虚拟机

选择自定义安装

 

 

选择ubuntu-16.04-desktop.iso

 

内存要大于2G，推荐4G。

 

 

磁盘要大于50G

 

关机，然后打开cpu虚拟化，以支持kvm虚拟化。

 

开机之后，使用命令查看cpu是否支持kvm虚拟化。输入有vmx支持，没有则不支持

3 安装虚拟机化软件

安装qemu，virt-manager

apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst virt-manager

 安装vim编辑器

apt install vim

  

4 在ubuntu虚拟机中安装win7

4.1 下载win7镜像

4.2 下载win7驱动

https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/archive-virtio/virtio-win-0.1.105-1/

  

之所以要额外下载驱动，是因为kvm虚拟化创建windows虚拟机时无法识别windows自带的原生驱动，比如无法识别磁盘就不能安装系统。下载kvm能够识别的驱动替换原生驱动。因为OpenStack使用的也是kvm，所以能正常启动。

 

4.3 将文件上传到ubuntu虚拟机中（直接拖动到虚拟机桌面）

3.3 将创建虚拟机的xml文件上传到ubuntu虚拟机桌面（xml文件附录本文末尾）

4.5 创建虚拟机

创建qcow2格式的磁盘作为系统的安装盘

qemu-img create -f qcow2 windows7.qcow2 15G

修改template.xml文件(xml文件在文末)

第一个disk文件，source写入自己创建的windows7.qcow2磁盘的路径。

第二个disk文件，source写入window的镜像的路径，这里为了方便重命名为win7.iso

第三个disk文件，source写入驱动文件的路径

使用template.xml文件定义虚拟机。虚拟机名为windows7

virsh define template.xml

 启动虚拟机

virsh start windows7 

 注意：如果没有成功需要删除虚拟机，要首先执行virsh undefine windows7取消虚拟机注册，然后执行virsh destroy window7,销毁虚拟机。

在启动器里找到virtual machine manager

找到刚刚创建的windows7,点击open打开虚拟机的页面。

 

 

选择安装磁盘时找不到磁盘，需要加载驱动。

  

选择软盘，然后选择最后一个   virtio->w7->amd64

 

更新设备。安装好的虚拟机缺少设备驱动，右击计算机，点击管理，找到设备管理器。有感叹号表示存在问题。

点击选择查找驱动

剩下两个同样操作。驱动都安装好之后显示正常

将虚拟机关机，就可以直接使用windows7.qcow2，大小为7个G。使用压缩命令将大小降到4个G以内。

qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 windows7.qcow2 win_template.qcow2

最终完成的镜像

template.xml

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>windows7</name><!--可以替换成自己定义的名字-->
  <uuid>073f1023-35df-418a-b57d-bf571d07f449</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory><!--内存大小-->
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os><!--系统启动顺序，先是cdrom，然后是hd-->
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-xenial'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='cdrom'/>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <hyperv>
      <relaxed state='on'/>
      <vapic state='on'/>
      <spinlocks state='on' retries='8191'/>
    </hyperv>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact'>
    <model fallback='allow'>SandyBridge</model>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='localtime'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
    <timer name='hypervclock' present='yes'/>
  </clock><!--突发事件处理，如果poweroff则销毁，reboot则重启-->
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices><!--磁盘信息，一共定义了三块磁盘，分别是系统盘，window镜像，驱动盘-->
    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm-spice</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/home/ljk/Desktop/windows7.qcow2'/> <!--替换成自己创建的磁盘的路径-->
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/home/ljk/Desktop/win7.iso'/><!--替换成自己创建的window镜像的路径-->
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-0'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/home/ljk/Desktop/virtio-win-0.1.105.iso'/><!--替换成自己创建的window驱动的路径-->
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-1'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
      <alias name='pci.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <alias name='virtio-serial0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:39:6f:b4'/>
      <source network='default' bridge='virbr0'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/4'/>
      <target port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/4'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/4'/>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='spicevmc'>
      <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0' state='disconnected'/>
      <alias name='channel0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <sound model='ich6'>
      <alias name='sound0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </sound>
    <video>
      <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1'/>
      <alias name='video0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <alias name='redir0'/>
    </redirdev>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <alias name='redir1'/>
    </redirdev>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
    <label>libvirt-073f1023-35df-418a-b57d-bf571d07f449</label>
    <imagelabel>libvirt-073f1023-35df-418a-b57d-bf571d07f449</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>