添加MariaDB的yum源，指定安装的版本，然后使用 yum 工具进行安装
参考MariaDB官方网站对应安装方法和步骤
[root@SERVER1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@SERVER1 yum.repos.d]# ls #<==添加MariaDB.repo文件，并添加内容 CentOS7-ctyun.repo CentOS-MariaDB.repo [root@SERVER1 yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS-MariaDB.repo # MariaDB 10.3 CentOS repository list - created 2019-01-11 03:14 UTC # http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3/centos7-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
yum自动下载并安装MariaDB，如果此步出错，请查看错误提示，检查 /etc/yum.repo.d/ 下文件是否配置正确，并检查 /etc/resolv.conf 中DNS是否配置
[root@SERVER1 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
安装完成MariaDB后，启动MariaDB服务并设置为开机自启动
[root@SERVER1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@SERVER1 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb [root@SERVER1 yum.repos.d]# ss -lntup|grep mysql tcp LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=2560,fd=21))
尝试登录看看，确保安装正常
[root@SERVER1 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.3.12-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> select version(); +-----------------+ | version() | +-----------------+ | 10.3.12-MariaDB | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> q Bye
为确保数据库的安全性，必须进行一些简单的初始化工作
1)设定root用户密码。 2)删除匿名帐号。 3)禁止root用户从远程登录。 4)删除test数据库并取消对其的访问权限。 5)刷新授权表，让初始化后的设定立即生效。
6)删除无用的用户。
[root@SERVER1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation Set root password? [Y/n] Y <===root用户建立密码 New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y <===移除匿名用户 ... Success! Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y <===禁止root用户远程链接 ... Success! Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y <===移除test库及其表 - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y <===刷新权限 ... Success!
[root@SERVER1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.3.12-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | root | localhost | | root | server1 | +------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> drop user 'root'@'server1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> drop user 'root'@'::1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | localhost | +------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> q Bye
修改MariaDB字符集为utf8
[root@SERVER1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf # # This group is read both both by the client and the server # use it for options that affect everything # [client-server] # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d [mysqld] init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci' init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci skip-character-set-client-handshake [root@SERVER1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf # # These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools # Use it for options that affect only one utility # [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [root@SERVER1 my.cnf.d]# systemctl restart mariadb.service #<===重启MariaDB服务 [root@SERVER1 my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.3.12-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%"; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.001 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%collation%"; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.001 sec)
注：
/etc/my.cnf 是由mariadb-libs生成的 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf是由 mariadb-server生成 /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf是由mariadb生成