前沿知识点:
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nginx负责负载均衡(反向代理)
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msm(memcached session manager)负责缓存会话信息,从而实现会话保持
所需包:
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nginx和memcached采用最新稳定版
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tomcat版本需要与msm版本一致,这里采用tomcat7
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msm包共计9个包,包名具体信息查看附件,msm的所有包放到$CATALINA_HOME/lib
配置过程:
nginx的配置信息如下-->
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... http { ... upstream tomcat { server node1:8080; server node2:8080; #这里具体使用什么算法,暂定,不过我觉得ip_hash不好,会造成负载不均衡 } server { ... location ~* ^ /testapp { proxy_pass http: //tomcat ; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header X-real-ip $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-forwarded- for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $host; } ... } } |
tomcat的配置信息如下-->
首先修改server.xml,在默认的host flag中添加context
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... < host > ... < context path = "/testapp" docbase = "testapp/" /> ... </ host > ... |
其次修改context.xml,在默认的context flag中添加manager
其中粘性session方式如下: Sticky 模式:tomcat 本地容器 session 为主session, memcached为备session。Request请求到来时, 判断tomcat容器是否发生变化,若变化(即原tomcat down掉),则从memcached加载备session到tomcat2,响应给客户端,请求结束后,重置session_id,并更新到memcached。
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< Context > ... < Manager className = "de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes = "n1:host1.yourdomain.com:11211,n2:host2.yourdomain.com:11211" failoverNodes = "n1" requestUriIgnorePattern = ".*.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" transcoderFactoryClass = "de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory" /> </ Context > |
非粘性session如下: Non-Sticky模式:tomcat session 为 中转session, memcached1 为主,memcached 2 为备session。Request请求到来时,从memcached 2加载备 session 到 tomcat,(另外,若只有一个memcached节点,或者memcached2 出错时,且tomcat本地容器中还没有session,则从memcached1加载主 session 到 tomcat),Request请求结束时,将tomcat session更新至 主memcached1和备memcached2,并且清除tomcat session 。以达到主备同步之目的,如下是non-sticky模式的响应流程图:(图片来源网络)。
此模式下,基于session的验证码将无法使用,因为此模式下,第一次session是用本地,然后存放到mem1和mem2中,之后客户再次请求,则路由到了另外一台tomcat上,又因为是同一个session_id,所以使用的是mem1中,但是mem1中确是旧的session.(但是验证码要求每一次都不一样...)
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< Context > ... < ManagerclassName = "de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes = "n1:host1.yourdomain.com:11211,n2:host2.yourdomain.com:11211" sticky = "false" sessionBackupAsync = "false" lockingMode = "uriPattern:/path1|/path2" requestUriIgnorePattern = ".*.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" transcoderFactoryClass = "de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory" /> </ Context > |
keepalived配置信息如下-->这里只贴出主的,从的就不贴了
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! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } #<Spinestars vrrp_script chk_keepalived_down { script "[ -f /var/run/keepaliveddown ] && exit 1 || exit 0" interval 2 weight -2 } #nginx_check_script vrrp_script chk_nginx { script "killall -0 nginx && exit 0 || exit 1" interval 2 weight -2 } #/Spinestars> vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth1 virtual_router_id 20 mcast_src_ip 192.168.100.1 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.88.100.2 } track_script { chk_nginx chk_keepalived_down } } |
nginx动静分离配置:
...
#<Spinestars
upstream tomcat_servers {
server node1:8080;
server node2:8080;
}
server {
listen *:80;
server_name test.shop.com;
root/var/www/shop;
index index.html index.jsp index.htm;
#/Spinestars>
#<Spinestars
location ~* .(html|jpg|png|jpeg|css|gif|ico)$ {
root /var/www;
}
location ~* .(js|jhtml)$ {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_servers;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
if ( $host = 'test.shop.com' ){
rewrite ^/$ http://test.shop.com/shop permanent;
}
#以下location是测试用的
location ~* ^/testapp {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_servers;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
#/Spinestars>
...
}