设计表时需要注意的
1、表继承
因为当你makemigrations和migrate的时候会自动生成auth_user表
所以创建用户表的时候可以用人家自定义的auth_user表， 如果你还想在表里增加一些字段，可以利用继承
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
pass
要是这样用继承的话需要在settings中配置一下：
AUTH_USER_MODEL ="应用名称.UserInfo"
2、头像：可用FileField或者ImageField
avatar = models.FileField(verbose_name="头像",upload_to="avatar",default="/avatar/default.png")
upload_to：上传到的具体位置
default：默认位置
3、创建时间
auto_now :无论是你添加还是修改对象，时间为你添加或者修改的时间 auto_now_add：是你当前创建的时间，当你更新对象时时间不会有变法 create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="创建时间",auto_now_add=True)
4、自己创建第三张表，并设置字段。。以下是具体操作
这样做的好处是：方便以后操作，可以在第三张关联表中增加或删除字段
class Tag(models.Model):
pass
class Article(models.Model):
tags = models.ManyToManyField(to="Tag",through="article2tag",through_fields=('article', 'tag')) #through_fields=('article', 'tag')相当于给这两个字段关联
class Article2tag(models.Model):
article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="文章",to="Article")
tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="标签",to="Tag")
class Meta:
'''联合唯一'''
unique_together = [
("article","tag")
]
5、choices属性
type_choices = [
(1,"编程语言"),
(2,"软件设计"),
(3,"前端系列"),
(4,"数据库"),
(5,"操作系统")
]
artcle_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices,default=None)
6、自关联的两种表示方式，假设为null的时候是文章赞
方式一
farther_comment = models.ForeignKey(to="Comment",verbose_name="父级评论",null=True,blank=True) 方式二
farther_comment = models.ForeignKey("self",verbose_name="父级评论",null=True,blank=True)
7、联合唯一的表示方式
class Meta:
'''联合唯一'''
unique_together = ("user_id","comment_id",)
verbose_name_plural = "评论点赞表"
数据库表设计
class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
"""
用户信息表
"""
# verbose_name 设置在admin中的别名， unique唯一， null是否可为空
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True, verbose_name="手机号")
# upload_to前端传送过来的文件都保存在这个文件夹，如果不存在，自动创建
avatar = models.FileField(upload_to="avatars/", default="avatars/default.png", verbose_name="照片")
# auto_now_add自动添加当前时间
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="创建时间")
blog = models.OneToOneField(to="Blog", to_field="nid", null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class Meta:
# 设置的 admin 后台管理中的别名
verbose_name = "用户"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Category(models.Model):
"""
文章分类表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=24)
# 外键关联博客，一个博客站点可以有多个分类
blog = models.ForeignKey(to="Blog", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Meta:
verbose_name = "文章分类"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Tags(models.Model):
"""
标签
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="标签名")
blog = models.ForeignKey(to="Blog", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="创建时间")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Meta:
verbose_name = "标签"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Article(models.Model):
"""
文章表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="文章标题")
desc = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="文章描述")
user = models.ForeignKey(to="UserInfo", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
category = models.ForeignKey(to="Category", to_field="nid", null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
tags = models.ManyToManyField(to="Tags", through="Article2Tag", through_fields=("article", "tag"))
read_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="阅读数", default=0)
comment_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="评论数", default=0)
up_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="点赞数", default=0)
down_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="踩数", default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="创建时间")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Meta:
verbose_name = "文章"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class ArticleDetail(models.Model):
"""
文章详情表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
content = models.TextField()
article = models.ForeignKey(to="Article", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="创建时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "文章详情表"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Article2Tag(models.Model):
"""
文章和标签的多对多关系表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
article = models.ForeignKey(to="Article", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
tag = models.ForeignKey(to="Tags", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="创建时间")
def __str__(self):
return "{}-{}".format(self.article.title, self.tag.title)
class Meta:
verbose_name = "文章 -- 标签"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class ArticleUpDown(models.Model):
"""
点赞/踩表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
user = models.ForeignKey(to="UserInfo", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
article = models.ForeignKey(to="Article", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
is_up = models.BooleanField(default=True)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="创建时间")
class Meta:
unique_together = (("article", "user"),)
verbose_name = "文章点赞"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Comment(models.Model):
"""
评论表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
article = models.ForeignKey(to="Article", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
user = models.ForeignKey(to="UserInfo", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
content = models.CharField(max_length=255)
parent_comment = models.ForeignKey("self", null=True, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, blank=True)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="创建时间")
def __str__(self):
return self.content
class Meta:
verbose_name = "评论"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
执行数据库建表操作：
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate