部署网络存储ISCSI

1、什么是ISCSI
Internet Small Computer System Interface 互联网小型计算机接口技术，是一种将SCS存储与以太网技术相结合，可以用来在互联网中传输SCSI接口的数据与命令。
2、当前硬盘接口类型有IDE、SATA、SAS（服务器用的较多）SCSI、四种
3、ISCSI技术优势与劣势
优势：摆脱了物理环境的限制，同时还能将存储资源分配给多个服务器使用
劣势：受到网速的限制，传输速率与稳定性是ISCSI技术的瓶颈

实验1：用虚拟机创建RAID阵列，四块5G磁盘，3块raid5，一块备份盘。配置ISCSI服务端与linux客户端、windows客户端

实验一：创建RAID5

先给主机添加4块5G磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sd?
/dev/sda  /dev/sdb  /dev/sdc  /dev/sdd  /dev/sde

创建raid阵列

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -n 3 -l 5 -x 1 /dev/sd[b-e]
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 5238272K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

查看raid

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar  7 12:21:24 2019
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 10476544 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 5238272 (5.00 GiB 5.36 GB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 4
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

配置ISCSI服务器端

安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y targetd targetcli
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start target
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable target
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/target.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/target.service'

配置ISCSI服务端共享资源

[root@localhost ~]# targetcli

/> ls
o- / ......................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .............................................................. [...]
  | o- block .................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- fileio ................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ............................................................ [Targets: 0]
  o- loopback ......................................................... [Targets: 0]
/> cd backstores/block 
/backstores/block> create disk0 /dev/md0
Created block storage object disk0 using /dev/md0.

创建ISCSI target名称并配置共享资源

/backstores/block> cd /iscsi 
/iscsi> create
Created target iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82.
Created TPG 1.
/iscsi> ls
o- iscsi .............................................................. [Targets: 1]
  o- iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82 ......... [TPGs: 1]
    o- tpg1 ................................................. [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
      o- acls ............................................................ [ACLs: 0]
      o- luns ............................................................ [LUNs: 0]
      o- portals ...................................................... [Portals: 0]
/iscsi> cd iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82/tpg1/luns 
/iscsi/iqn.20...a82/tpg1/luns> create /backstores/block/disk0 
Created LUN 0.

设置访问控制列表（ACL）

/iscsi/iqn.20...a82/tpg1/luns> cd ..
/iscsi/iqn.20...4430da82/tpg1> cd acls 
/iscsi/iqn.20...a82/tpg1/acls> create iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82:client
Created Node ACL for iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82:client
Created mapped LUN 0.

设置ISCSI服务端监听的IP地址与端口

/iscsi/iqn.20...a82/tpg1/acls> cd ..
/iscsi/iqn.20...4430da82/tpg1> cd portals 
/iscsi/iqn.20.../tpg1/portals> create 192.168.10.10
Using default IP port 3260
Created network portal 192.168.10.10:3260.

重启服务，清空iptables 防火墙策略并打开防火墙3260/TCP端口

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart targetd
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[  OK  ]
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3260/tcp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success

配置linux客户端（RHEL默认已安装客户端）

[root@localhost ~]# yum install iscsi-initiator-utils -y

配置ISCSI客户端中initiator名称文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi 

   InitiatorName=iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82:client

重启ISCSI客户端服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart iscsid
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable iscsid
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/iscsid.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/iscsid.service'

扫描并发现192.168.10.10主机的ISCSI共享资源

[root@localhost ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 192.168.10.10 
192.168.10.10:3260,1 iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82

登录ISCSI服务器端

[root@localhost ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82 -P 192.168.10.10 --login
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82, portal: 192.168.10.10,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.localhost.x8664:sn.45784430da82, portal: 192.168.10.10,3260] successful.

此时会发现客户端主机多出sdb的磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sd?
/dev/sda  /dev/sdb
[root@localhost ~]# file /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: block special

格式化并挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb
log stripe unit (524288 bytes) is too large (maximum is 256KiB)
log stripe unit adjusted to 32KiB
meta-data=/dev/sdb               isize=256    agcount=16, agsize=163712 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2619136, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=128    swidth=256 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /iscsi
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: UUID="5e0c1f4a-1e65-4691-8be6-598203f9041b" TYPE="xfs" 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab 

UUID=5e0c1f4a-1e65-4691-8be6-598203f9041b /iscsi xfs defaults,_netdev 0 0

成功挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G  3.0G   15G  17% /
devtmpfs               905M     0  905M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  914M  176K  914M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  914M  8.9M  905M   1% /run
tmpfs                  914M     0  914M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0               3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /mnt
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
/dev/sdb                10G   33M   10G   1% /iscsi

1．简述iSCSI存储技术在生产环境中的作用。

2．在Linux系统中，iSCSI服务端和iSCSI客户端所使用的服务程序分别叫什么？

3．在使用targetcli命令配置iSCSI服务端配置文件时，acls与portals参数目录中分别存放什么内容？

4．iSCSI协议占用了服务器哪个协议和端口号？

5、用户在填写fstab设备挂载配置文件时，一般会把远程存储资源的UUID（而非设备的名称）填写到配置文件中。这是为什么？

6．在使用Windows系统来访问iSCSI共享存储资源时，它有两个步骤与Linux系统一样。请说明是哪两个步骤。