(转)ORACLE中关于外键缺少索引的探讨和总结

在ORACLE数据库中，定义外键约束时，ORACLE是不会自动创建对应索引的，必须手动在外键约束相关的列上创建索引。那么外键字段上是否有必要创建索引呢？如果有必要的话，巡检时，如何找出外键字段上没有创建索引的相关表，并生成对应的索引的脚本呢？

外键缺失索引影响

外键列上缺少索引会带来三个问题，限制并发性、影响性能、还有可能造成死锁。所以对于绝大部分场景，我们应该尽量考虑在外键上面创建索引

1. 影响性能。 如果子表外键没有创建索引，那么当父表查询关联子表时，子表将进行全表扫描。影响表连接方式。

2. 影响并发。 无论是更新父表主键，或者删除一个父记录，都会在子表中加一个表锁（在这条语句完成前，不允许对子表做任何修改）。这就会不必要

地锁定更多的行，而影响并发性

         3：在特殊情况下，还有可能造成死锁。

我们先来看看一个简单的例子，看看当外键缺失索引时，子表是否进行全表扫描，如下所示，表EMP与DEPT存在主外键关系：

SQL> set autotrace on;
SQL> 
SQL> SELECT  D.DEPTNO, COUNT(*)
  2  FROM SCOTT.EMP E INNER JOIN SCOTT.DEPT D ON E.DEPTNO =D.DEPTNO
  3  GROUP BY D.DEPTNO;

    DEPTNO   COUNT(*)
---------- ----------
        30          6
        20          5
        10          3


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4067220884

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |     3 |     9 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  HASH GROUP BY     |      |     3 |     9 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |    14 |    42 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   2 - filter("E"."DEPTNO" IS NOT NULL)


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          7  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        665  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        524  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          3  rows processed

 
如上所示，当外键字段没有索引时，父表与子表关联时，子表会进行全表扫描，下面，我在外键字段创建索引后，就能避免子表表扫描了。

CREATE INDEX SCOTT.IX_DEPTNO ON SCOTT.EMP (“DEPTNO”) TABLESPACE USERS; 
 
当然这两个表的数据量实在是太少了，性能上差别不大，当数据量增长上去后，这个性能差异就会比较明显了。如下例子所示，我们构造一个数据量相对较大的父表与子表：

create table parent_tb_test 
(
    id         number(10),
    name    varchar2(32),
    constraint pk_parent_tb_test primary key(id)
);

create table child_tb_test
(
     c_id   number(10),
     f_id        number(10),
     child_name    varchar2(32),
     constraint pk_child_tb_test primary key(c_id),
     foreign key(f_id) references parent_tb_test
);


begin

for index_num in 1 .. 10000 loop
    insert into parent_tb_test
    select index_num , 'kerry' || to_char(index_num) from dual;

    if mod(index_num,100) = 0 then
        commit;
    end if;
end loop;

     commit;

end;
/

declare index_num number :=1;
begin

    for index_parent  in 1 .. 10000 loop
        for index_child in 1 .. 1000 loop
             insert into child_tb_test
             select index_num, index_parent, 'child' || to_char(index_child) from dual;

             index_num := index_num +1;
             if mod(index_child,1000) = 0 then
                 commit;
             end if;
        end loop;
    end loop;

    commit;
end;
/

SQL> execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'TEST', tabname =>'PARENT_TB_TEST', estimate_percent =>DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE, method_opt => 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'TEST', tabname =>'CHILD_TB_TEST', estimate_percent =>DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE, method_opt => 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>

上面脚本构造了测试用的例子和数据， 那么我们对比看看外键有无索引的区别：

SQL> set linesize 1200
SQL> set autotrace traceonly
SQL> select p.id , p.name,c.child_name
  2  from test.parent_tb_test p
  3  inner join test.child_tb_test c on p.id = c.f_id 
  4  where p.id=1000;

1000 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 901213199

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                    | Name              | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |                   |  1009 | 44396 |  4706  (21)| 00:00:07 |
|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                |                   |  1009 | 44396 |  4706  (21)| 00:00:07 |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| PARENT_TB_TEST    |     1 |    31 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  3 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_PARENT_TB_TEST |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  4 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL          | CHILD_TB_TEST     |  1009 | 13117 |  4705  (21)| 00:00:07 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   3 - access("P"."ID"=1000)
   4 - filter("C"."F_ID"=1000)


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
      32855  consistent gets
      32772  physical reads
          0  redo size
      29668  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
       1218  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
         68  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
       1000  rows processed

SQL> 

 
创建索引后，我们再来看看其执行计划，注意对比创建索引前后，执行计划的差异，如下所示：

SQL> create index ix_child_tb_test on child_tb_test(f_id);

SQL> set linesize 1200
SQL> set autotrace traceonly
SQL> select p.id , p.name,c.child_name
  2  from test.parent_tb_test p
  3  inner join test.child_tb_test c on p.id = c.f_id 
  4  where p.id=1000;

 
接下来，我们再来看看外键缺失索引影响并发，以及造成死锁的情况，如下所示，创建表dead_lock_parent与dead_lock_foreign，两者存在主外键关系，分布插入两条测试数据：

SQL> create table dead_lock_parent( id number primary key, name varchar2(32));

Table created.

SQL> create table dead_lock_foreign(fid  number, fname varchar2(32), foreign key(fid) references dead_lock_parent);

Table created.

SQL> insert into dead_lock_parent values( 1, 'kerry');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into dead_lock_foreign values(1, 'kerry_fk');  

1 row created.

SQL> insert into dead_lock_parent values(2, 'jimmy');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into dead_lock_foreign values(2, 'jimmy_fk');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> 

1：在会话1（会话ID为789）里面执行下面SQL语句：

SQL> show user;
USER 为 "TEST"
SQL> select * from v$mystat where rownum=1;

       SID STATISTIC#      VALUE
---------- ---------- ----------
       789          0          1

SQL> delete from dead_lock_foreign where fid=1;

已删除 1 行。

2：在会话2（会话ID为766）里面执行下面SQL语句：

SQL> show user;
USER is "TEST"
SQL> select * from v$mystat where rownum=1;

       SID STATISTIC#      VALUE
---------- ---------- ----------
       766          0          1

SQL> delete from dead_lock_foreign where fid=2;

1 row deleted.

3：接着在会话1（会话ID为789）里执行删除dead_lock_parent中id为1的记录：

SQL> delete from dead_lock_parent where id=1;

此时你会发现会话被阻塞了，我们可以用下面SQL查询具体的阻塞信息。

COL MODE_HELD FOR A14;
COL LOCK_TYPE FOR A8;
COL MODE_REQUESTED FOR A10;
COL OBJECT_TYPE FOR A14;
COL OBJECT_NAME FOR A20;
SELECT LK.SID,
       DECODE(LK.TYPE,
              'TX',
              'Transaction',
              'TM',
              'DML',
              'UL',
              'PL/SQL User Lock',
              LK.TYPE) LOCK_TYPE,
       DECODE(LK.LMODE,
              0,
              'None',
              1,
              'Null',
              2,
              'Row-S (SS)',
              3,
              'Row-X (SX)',
              4,
              'Share',
              5,
              'S/Row-X (SSX)',
              6,
              'Exclusive',
              TO_CHAR(LK.LMODE)) MODE_HELD,
       DECODE(LK.REQUEST,
              0,
              'None',
              1,
              'Null',
              2,
              'Row-S (SS)',
              3,
              'Row-X (SX)',
              4,
              'Share',
              5,
              'S/Row-X (SSX)',
              6,
              'Exclusive',
              TO_CHAR(LK.REQUEST)) MODE_REQUESTED, 
       OB.OBJECT_TYPE,
       OB.OBJECT_NAME,
       LK.BLOCK,
       SE.LOCKWAIT
  FROM V$LOCK LK, DBA_OBJECTS OB, V$SESSION SE
 WHERE LK.TYPE IN ('TM', 'UL')
   AND LK.SID = SE.SID
   AND LK.ID1 = OB.OBJECT_ID(+)
 AND SE.SID IN (766,789)
 ORDER BY SID;

上面信息如果不能让你理解，那么可以看看下面脚本，相信你能看得更详细。

SQL> SELECT S.SID                             SID, 
         S.USERNAME                        USERNAME, 
         S.MACHINE                         MACHINE, 
         L.TYPE                            TYPE, 
         O.OBJECT_NAME                     OBJECT_NAME, 
         DECODE(L.LMODE, 0, 'None', 
                         1, 'Null', 
                         2, 'Row Share', 
                         3, 'Row Exlusive', 
                         4, 'Share', 
                         5, 'Sh/Row Exlusive', 
                         6, 'Exclusive')   lmode, 
    DECODE(L.REQUEST, 0, 'None', 
                           1, 'Null', 
                           2, 'Row Share', 
                           3, 'Row Exlusive', 
                             4, 'Share', 
                             5, 'Sh/Row Exlusive', 
                           6, 'Exclusive') request, 
         L.BLOCK                           BLOCK 
  FROM   V$LOCK L, 
         V$SESSION S, 
         DBA_OBJECTS O 
  WHERE  L.SID = S.SID 
         AND USERNAME != 'SYSTEM' 
         AND O.OBJECT_ID(+) = L.ID1 
         AND S.SID IN ( 766,789) 
  ORDER  BY S.SID; 

       SID USERNAME MACHINE        TY OBJECT_NAME          LMODE           REQUEST         BLOCK
---------- -------- -------------- -- -------------------- --------------- --------------- -----
       766 TEST     XXXXGET253194 TX                      Exclusive       None                0
       766 TEST     XXXXGET253194 TM DEAD_LOCK_FOREIGN    Row Exlusive    None                1
       766 TEST     XXXXGET253194 TM DEAD_LOCK_PARENT     Row Exlusive    None                0
       883 TEST     DB-Server.loca TX                      Exclusive       None                0
                    ldomain

       883 TEST     DB-Server.loca TM DEAD_LOCK_PARENT     Row Exlusive    None                0
                    ldomain

       883 TEST     DB-Server.loca TM DEAD_LOCK_FOREIGN    Row Exlusive    Sh/Row Exlusive     0
                    ldomain     

接着在会话2里面执行下面SQL，删除主表中id=2的记录

SQL> delete from dead_lock_parent where id=2;

• 1

你会发现会话1就会出现Deadlock 
 
如果你在外键字段上创建索引，那么这种情况下的操作就不会出现死锁。在这里就不再赘述。有兴趣可以测试一下.

外键创建索引建议（Foreign Key Indexing Tips）

虽然增加索引，可能会带来一些额外的性能开销（DML操作开销增加）和磁盘空间方面的开销，但是相比其带来的性能改善而言，这些额外的开销其实完全可以忽略。如果没有其他特殊情况，建议所有的外键字段都加上索引。在Oracle Oracle Database 9i/10g/11g编程艺术这本书中介绍了在什么时候不需要对外键加索引. 必须满足下面三个条件：

1: 不会删除父表中的行。

2： 不论是有意还是无意，总之不会更新父表的唯一/主键字段值。

3： 不会从父表联结到子表， 或者更通俗的讲，外键列不支持子表的一个重要访问路径，而且你在谓词中没有使用这些外键累从子表中选择数据。

找出未索引的外键

我们首先可以通过下面脚本，找到整个数据库中那些表有主外键关系，并列出主外键约束.

–查看整个数据库下拥有主外键关系的所有表（排除一些系统用户）

--查看整个数据库下拥有主外键关系的所有表（排除一些系统用户）

SELECT DC.OWNER                   AS "PARENT_TABLE_OWNER", 
       DC.TABLE_NAME              AS "PARENT_TABLE_NAME", 
       DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME         AS "PRIMARY CONSTRAINT NAME", 
       DF.CONSTRAINT_NAME         AS "REFERENCED CONSTRAINT NAME", 
       DF.OWNER                   AS "CHILD_TABLE_OWNER", 
       DF.TABLE_NAME              AS "CHILD_TABLE_NAME" 
FROM   DBA_CONSTRAINTS DC, 
       (SELECT C.OWNER, 
               C.CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
               C.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
               C.TABLE_NAME 
        FROM   DBA_CONSTRAINTS C 
        WHERE  CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R') DF 
WHERE  DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME =DF.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME 
       AND DC.OWNER NOT IN ( 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'DBSNMP', 'EXFSYS', 
                            'ORDDATA', 'CTXSYS', 'OLAPSYS', 'MDSYS', 
                            'SYSMAN' ); 

–查看某个Schema下拥有主外键关系的所有表

--查看某个Schema下拥有主外键关系的所有表

SELECT DC.OWNER           AS "PARENT_TABLE_OWNER", 
       DC.TABLE_NAME      AS "PARENT_TABLE_NAME", 
       DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS "PRIMARY CONSTRAINT NAME", 
       DF.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS "REFERENCED CONSTRAINT NAME", 
       DF.OWNER           AS "CHILD_TABLE_OWNER", 
       DF.TABLE_NAME      AS "CHILD_TABLE_NAME" 
FROM   DBA_CONSTRAINTS DC, 
       (SELECT C.OWNER, 
               C.CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
               C.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
               C.TABLE_NAME 
        FROM   DBA_CONSTRAINTS C 
        WHERE  CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R') DF 
WHERE  DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = DF.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME 
       AND DC.OWNER =UPPER('&OWNER');  

–查看某个具体的表是否和其它表拥有主外键关系

--查看某个具体的表是否和其它表拥有主外键关系

SELECT DC.OWNER           AS "PARENT_TABLE_OWNER", 
       DC.TABLE_NAME      AS "PARENT_TABLE_NAME", 
       DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS "PRIMARY CONSTRAINT NAME", 
       DF.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS "REFERENCED CONSTRAINT NAME", 
       DF.OWNER           AS "CHILD_TABLE_OWNER", 
       DF.TABLE_NAME      AS "CHILD_TABLE_NAME" 
FROM   DBA_CONSTRAINTS DC, 
       (SELECT C.OWNER, 
               C.CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
               C.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
               C.TABLE_NAME 
        FROM   DBA_CONSTRAINTS C 
        WHERE  CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R') DF 
WHERE  DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = DF.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME 
       AND DC.OWNER =UPPER('&OWNER')
       AND DC.TABLE_NAME=UPPER('&TABLE_NAME');

接下来我们要找出在具体的外键字段是否有索引，脚本如下所示：

SELECT   CON.OWNER ,
         CON.TABLE_NAME,
         CON.CONSTRAINT_NAME,
         CON.COL_LIST,
         'No Indexed' AS INDEX_STATUS
FROM
     (SELECT CC.OWNER, CC.TABLE_NAME, CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME,
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 1,     '"' ||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 2,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 3,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 4,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 5,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 6,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 7,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 8,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 9,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 10,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) COL_LIST
           FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS DC, DBA_CONS_COLUMNS CC
           WHERE DC.OWNER = CC.OWNER
           AND DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
           AND DC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R'
           AND DC.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'OLAPSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'MDSYS', 'ADMIN')
           GROUP BY CC.OWNER, CC.TABLE_NAME, CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
     ) CON
      WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 FROM
                  ( SELECT TABLE_OWNER, TABLE_NAME,   
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 1,     '"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 2,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 3,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 4,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 5,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 6,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 7,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 8,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 9,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 10,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) COL_LIST
                       FROM DBA_IND_COLUMNS 
                   WHERE TABLE_OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'OLAPSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'MDSYS')
                   GROUP BY TABLE_OWNER, TABLE_NAME, INDEX_NAME ) COL
    WHERE CON.OWNER = COL.TABLE_OWNER 
    AND CON.TABLE_NAME = COL.TABLE_NAME  
    AND CON.COL_LIST = SUBSTR(COL.COL_LIST, 1, LENGTH(CON.COL_LIST) ) )  ;  

如果是ORACLE 11g或以上版本，数据库有分析函数LISTAGG的话，可以使用下面脚本

SELECT CASE 
         WHEN B.TABLE_NAME IS NULL THEN 'NO INDEXED' 
         ELSE 'INDEXED' 
       END               AS STATUS, 
       A.TABLE_OWNER     AS TABLE_OWNER, 
       A.TABLE_NAME      AS TABLE_NAME, 
       A.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS FK_NAME, 
       A.FK_COLUMNS      AS FK_COLUMNS, 
       B.INDEX_NAME      AS INDEX_NAME, 
       B.INDEX_COLUMNS   AS INDEX_COLUMNS 
FROM   (SELECT A.OWNER                              AS TABLE_OWNER, 
               A.TABLE_NAME                         AS TABLE_NAME, 
               A.CONSTRAINT_NAME                    AS CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
               LISTAGG(A.COLUMN_NAME, ',') 
                 WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY A.POSITION) FK_COLUMNS 
        FROM   DBA_CONS_COLUMNS A, 
               DBA_CONSTRAINTS B 
        WHERE  A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
               AND B.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R' 
               AND A.OWNER = B.OWNER 
               AND A.OWNER NOT IN ( 'SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'OLAPSYS', 'SYSMAN', 
                                    'MDSYS' ) 
        GROUP  BY A.OWNER, 
                  A.TABLE_NAME, 
                  A.CONSTRAINT_NAME) A, 
       (SELECT TABLE_OWNER, 
               TABLE_NAME, 
               INDEX_NAME, 
               LISTAGG(C.COLUMN_NAME, ',') 
                 WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY C.COLUMN_POSITION) INDEX_COLUMNS 
        FROM   DBA_IND_COLUMNS C 
        GROUP  BY TABLE_OWNER, 
                  TABLE_NAME, 
                  INDEX_NAME) B 
WHERE  A.TABLE_NAME = B.TABLE_NAME(+) 
       AND A.TABLE_OWNER = B.TABLE_OWNER(+) 
       AND B.INDEX_COLUMNS(+) LIKE A.FK_COLUMNS 
                                   || '%' 
ORDER  BY 1 DESC

自动生成创建外键索引的脚本

上面的这些脚本已经能找出那些外键字段已经建立或未建立索引，此时如果对外键字段缺少索引的表手工创建索引的话，如果数量很多的话，那么工作量也非常大，下面可以用这个脚本自动生成缺失的索引

/*******************************************************************************************
--脚本功能描述：
--  对于数据库中外键缺少索引的字段，生成对应的索引（排除一些系统账号，例如sys、system）,如果外键索引超过十个字段
--  那么这个脚本就不能正确的生成对应的索引，当然也很少有外键设置在超过10个字段的。另外索引表空
--  空间跟数据表空间相同，如有分开的话，建议在此处再做调整。
********************************************************************************************/
SELECT    'CREATE INDEX ' || OWNER || '.' || REPLACE(CONSTRAINT_NAME,'FK_','IX_') || 
        ' ON ' || OWNER || '.' || TABLE_NAME || ' (' || COL_LIST ||') TABLESPACE ' 
        || (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_TABLES WHERE OWNER= CON.OWNER AND TABLE_NAME= CON.TABLE_NAME) 
        AS  CREATE_INDEXES_ON_FOREIGN_KEY 
FROM
     (SELECT CC.OWNER, CC.TABLE_NAME, CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME,
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 1,     '"' ||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 2,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 3,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 4,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 5,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 6,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 7,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 8,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 9,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) ||
           MAX(DECODE(POSITION, 10,', '||'"'||
                  SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30) ||'"',NULL)) COL_LIST
           FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS DC, DBA_CONS_COLUMNS CC
           WHERE DC.OWNER = CC.OWNER
           AND DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
           AND DC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R'
           AND DC.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'OLAPSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'MDSYS', 'ADMIN')
           GROUP BY CC.OWNER, CC.TABLE_NAME, CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
     ) CON
      WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 FROM
                  ( SELECT TABLE_OWNER, TABLE_NAME,   
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 1,     '"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 2,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 3,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 4,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 5,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 6,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 7,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 8,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 9,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) ||
                       MAX(DECODE(COLUMN_POSITION, 10,', '||'"'||
                              SUBSTR(COLUMN_NAME,1,30)  ||'"',NULL)) COL_LIST
                       FROM DBA_IND_COLUMNS 
                   WHERE TABLE_OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'OLAPSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'MDSYS')
                   GROUP BY TABLE_OWNER, TABLE_NAME, INDEX_NAME ) COL
    WHERE CON.OWNER = COL.TABLE_OWNER 
    AND CON.TABLE_NAME = COL.TABLE_NAME  
    AND CON.COL_LIST = SUBSTR(COL.COL_LIST, 1, LENGTH(CON.COL_LIST) ) )  ; 

–脚本使用分析函数LISTAGG， 适用于ORACLE 11g以及以上版本，如果数据库版本是Oracle 11g及以上，就可以使用此脚本替代上面脚本。

SELECT 'CREATE INDEX ' 
              || OWNER 
              || '.' 
              || REPLACE(CONSTRAINT_NAME,'FK_','IX_') 
              || ' ON ' 
              || OWNER 
              || '.' 
              || TABLE_NAME 
              || ' (' 
              || FK_COLUMNS 
              ||') TABLESPACE ' 
              || 
       ( 
              SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME 
              FROM   DBA_TABLES 
              WHERE  OWNER= CON.OWNER 
              AND    TABLE_NAME= CON.TABLE_NAME) CREATE_INDEXES_ON_FOREIGN_KEY 
FROM   ( 
                SELECT   CC.OWNER, 
                         CC.TABLE_NAME, 
                         CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
                         LISTAGG(CC.COLUMN_NAME, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY CC.POSITION) FK_COLUMNS
                FROM     DBA_CONS_COLUMNS CC, 
                         DBA_CONSTRAINTS DC 
                WHERE    CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = DC.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
                AND      DC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R' 
                AND      CC.OWNER = DC.OWNER 
                AND      DC.OWNER NOT IN ( 'SYS', 
                                          'SYSTEM', 
                                          'OLAPSYS', 
                                          'SYSMAN', 
                                          'MDSYS', 
                                          'ADMIN' ) 
                GROUP BY CC.OWNER, 
                         CC.TABLE_NAME, 
                         CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME) CON 
  WHERE NOT EXISTS 
       ( 
              SELECT 1 
              FROM   ( 
                              SELECT   TABLE_OWNER, 
                                       TABLE_NAME, 
                                       INDEX_NAME,
                                       LISTAGG(COLUMN_NAME, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY COLUMN_POSITION) FK_COLUMNS
                              FROM     DBA_IND_COLUMNS 
                              WHERE    INDEX_OWNER NOT IN ( 'SYS', 
                                                           'SYSTEM', 
                                                           'OLAPSYS', 
                                                           'SYSMAN', 
                                                           'MDSYS', 
                                                           'ADMIN' ) 

                              GROUP BY TABLE_OWNER, 
                                       TABLE_NAME ,INDEX_NAME) COL 
              WHERE  CON.OWNER = COL.TABLE_OWNER 
              AND    CON.TABLE_NAME = COL.TABLE_NAME 
              AND    CON.FK_COLUMNS = SUBSTR(COL.FK_COLUMNS, 1, LENGTH(CON.FK_COLUMNS)) ) 
              ORDER BY 1;