类的简单定义、继承

一、创建一个简单的类

class Dog():
    """创建一个小狗类"""
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        """初始化小狗的属性"""
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def decribe(self):
        """描述小狗信息"""
        print("The dog's name is "+self.name.title())
        print("The dog's age is "+str(self.age))
    def sit(self):
        """模拟坐下"""
        print(self.name.title() + "  can sit !")

    def roll(self):
        """模拟打滚"""
        print(self.name.title()+ " can roll!")
#实例化对象
info = Dog('mahua',1)
#调用方法

info.decribe()
info.sit()
info.roll()

执行结果：

 二、给属性默认值

class Restaurant():
    """创建一个餐馆类"""
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        """初始化餐馆属性"""
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0


    def describe_restaurant(self):
        """描述餐馆属性"""
        print("The restaurant's name is "+self.restaurant_name.title())
        print("The restanrant's cuisine is "+self.cuisine_type.title())


    def open_restaurant(self):
        """打印该餐馆正在营业中"""
        print(self.restaurant_name+" is opening...")


    def people_number(self):
        """打印有所少人在该餐馆就餐"""
        print("There have "+str(self.number_served)+" peole in "+self.restaurant_name)

#创建实例
restaurant_info = Restaurant("sweet love","dessert shop")

#调用方法
restaurant_info.describe_restaurant()
restaurant_info.open_restaurant()
restaurant_info.people_number()

执行结果：

三、修改属性
1、直接修改属性的值。

restaurant_info.number_served = 10
restaurant_info.people_number()

执行结果：

2、通过方法修改属性的值。

def set_number_served(self,doe):
   """在方法中修改餐馆人数的值"""
   self.number_served = doe

restaurant_info.set_number_served(20)

restaurant_info.people_number()

执行结果：


3、通过递增的方法修改属性的值。

def increment_number_served(self,incr_doe):
    """递增修改"""
    self.number_served += incr_doe

restaurant_info.increment_number_served(20)
restaurant_info.people_number()

执行结果：

四、继承

class Restaurant():
    """创建一个餐馆类"""
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        """初始化餐馆名称和菜品类型"""
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type


    def describe_restaurant(self):
        """描述餐馆的属性"""
        print("The restaurant's name is "+self.restaurant_name.title())
        print("The cuisine's type is "+self.cuisine_type.title())


    def open_restaurant(self):
        """描述餐馆正在营业"""
        print("The "+self.restaurant_name.title()+" is opening")
class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
    """编写冰淇淋小店的子类"""
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        """初始化父类属性,再次初始化餐馆特殊属性"""
        super().__init__(restaurant_name,cuisine_type)
        self.flavors = ['grape','apple','lemon']

    def describe_flavors(self):
        """"描述冰淇淋的口味"""
        print("The flavors of icecream has: " )
        for type in self.flavors:
            print(type)
#创建实例
my_restaurant = Restaurant("china restaurant","cuisine of china")
your_restaurant = Restaurant("warm family","sichuan cusion")
mf_restaurant = Restaurant("sweet love","dessert shop")
decr_flavors = IceCreamStand("sweet food ","icecream")
#调用方法
my_restaurant.describe_restaurant()
my_restaurant.open_restaurant()
your_restaurant.describe_restaurant()
mf_restaurant.describe_restaurant()

decr_flavors.describe_restaurant()
decr_flavors.describe_flavors()

执行结果：