Servlet监听器（Listener）实例

web.xml：在部署描述符中，我将定义一些上下文初始化参数和监听器配置。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>ServletListenerExample</display-name>
  
  <context-param>
    <param-name>DBUSER</param-name>
    <param-value>pankaj</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>DBPWD</param-name>
    <param-value>password</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>DBURL</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/mysql_db</param-value>
  </context-param>
  
  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.journaldev.listener.AppContextListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.journaldev.listener.AppContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.journaldev.listener.MySessionListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.journaldev.listener.MyServletRequestListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
</web-app>

DBConnectionManager：这是数据库连接的类，为了简单起见，我没有为实际的数据库连接提供代码。我们将这个对象设置为servlet上下文的属性。

package com.journaldev.db;

import java.sql.Connection;

public class DBConnectionManager {

    private String dbURL;
    private String user;
    private String password;
    private Connection con;
    
    public DBConnectionManager(String url, String u, String p){
        this.dbURL=url;
        this.user=u;
        this.password=p;
        //create db connection now
        
    }
    
    public Connection getConnection(){
        return this.con;
    }
    
    public void closeConnection(){
        //close DB connection here
    }
}

MyServlet：一个简单的servlet类，我将使用会话，属性等。

package com.journaldev.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@WebServlet("/MyServlet")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            ServletContext ctx = request.getServletContext();
            ctx.setAttribute("User", "Pankaj");
            String user = (String) ctx.getAttribute("User");
            ctx.removeAttribute("User");
            
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            session.invalidate();
            
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            out.write("Hi "+user);
    }

}

现在我们将实现监听器类，我为常用的监听器提供了示例侦听器类 - ServletContextListener，ServletContextAttributeListener，ServletRequestListener和HttpSessionListener。

ServletContextListener

我们将读取servlet context init参数来创建DBConnectionManager对象，并将其设置为ServletContext对象的属性。

package com.journaldev.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

import com.journaldev.db.DBConnectionManager;

@WebListener
public class AppContextListener implements ServletContextListener {

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ServletContext ctx = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        
        String url = ctx.getInitParameter("DBURL");
        String u = ctx.getInitParameter("DBUSER");
        String p = ctx.getInitParameter("DBPWD");
        
        //create database connection from init parameters and set it to context
        DBConnectionManager dbManager = new DBConnectionManager(url, u, p);
        ctx.setAttribute("DBManager", dbManager);
        System.out.println("Database connection initialized for Application.");
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ServletContext ctx = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        DBConnectionManager dbManager = (DBConnectionManager) ctx.getAttribute("DBManager");
        dbManager.closeConnection();
        System.out.println("Database connection closed for Application.");
        
    }
    
}

ServletContextAttributeListener

在servlet上下文中添加，删除或替换属性时，记录事件的简单实现。

package com.journaldev.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

@WebListener
public class AppContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {

    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        System.out.println("ServletContext attribute added::{"+servletContextAttributeEvent.getName()+","+servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue()+"}");
    }

    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        System.out.println("ServletContext attribute replaced::{"+servletContextAttributeEvent.getName()+","+servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue()+"}");
    }

    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        System.out.println("ServletContext attribute removed::{"+servletContextAttributeEvent.getName()+","+servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue()+"}");
    }
    
}

HttpSessionListener

创建或销毁会话时记录事件的简单实现。

package com.journaldev.listener;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

@WebListener
public class MySessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent sessionEvent) {
        System.out.println("Session Created:: ID="+sessionEvent.getSession().getId());
    }

    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent sessionEvent) {
        System.out.println("Session Destroyed:: ID="+sessionEvent.getSession().getId());
    }
    
}

ServletRequestListener

ServletRequestListener接口的简单实现，用于在请求初始化和销毁时记录ServletRequest IP地址。

package com.journaldev.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

@WebListener
public class MyServletRequestListener implements ServletRequestListener {

    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
        ServletRequest servletRequest = servletRequestEvent.getServletRequest();
        System.out.println("ServletRequest destroyed. Remote IP="+servletRequest.getRemoteAddr());
    }

    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
        ServletRequest servletRequest = servletRequestEvent.getServletRequest();
        System.out.println("ServletRequest initialized. Remote IP="+servletRequest.getRemoteAddr());
    }
    
}

现在，当我们将使用URL部署我们的应用程序并在浏览器中访问MyServlet时http://localhost:8080/ServletListenerExample/MyServlet，我们将在服务器日志文件中看到以下日志。

ServletContext attribute added::{DBManager,com.journaldev.db.DBConnectionManager@4def3d1b}
Database connection initialized for Application.
ServletContext attribute added::{org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache,org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache@1594df96}

ServletRequest initialized. Remote IP=0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1%0
ServletContext attribute added::{User,Pankaj}
ServletContext attribute removed::{User,Pankaj}
Session Created:: ID=8805E7AE4CCCF98AFD60142A6B300CD6
Session Destroyed:: ID=8805E7AE4CCCF98AFD60142A6B300CD6
ServletRequest destroyed. Remote IP=0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1%0


ServletRequest initialized. Remote IP=0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1%0
ServletContext attribute added::{User,Pankaj}
ServletContext attribute removed::{User,Pankaj}
Session Created:: ID=88A7A1388AB96F611840886012A4475F
Session Destroyed:: ID=88A7A1388AB96F611840886012A4475F
ServletRequest destroyed. Remote IP=0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1%0


Database connection closed for Application.

注意日志的顺序，它按照执行的顺序。当您关闭应用程序或关闭容器时，将显示最后一个日志。

这是Servlet中的所有的监听器。

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原文出处：

https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/7100750.html