centos7最小版本安装nginx+tomcat+java+mysql运行环境

　　最近项目从windows搬到linux，由于项目组成员有限并且有其它紧急的任务需要处理，因而这个任务就落到我的头上了。下面记录下centos最小版本安装nginx+tomcat+mysql+java的运行环境。

• centos7 minimal安装

　　参考：http://www.tecmint.com/centos-7-installation/

• 安装java

　　下载Java，可到oracle官网获取相应的连接

wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz?AuthParam=1456375809_50db5985ac01ede6091b467add0b89b2

# 改名：
mv jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz?AuthParam=1456375809_50db5985ac01ede6091b467add0b89b2 jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
# 解压： 
tar -zxvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
# 更换目录：
mv ./jdk1.7.0_79 /usr/local/ jdk1.7.0_79

　　添加到环境变量

root@localhost java]# vi /etc/profile
# 在export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL下添加

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_79
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

　　执行

source /etc/profile

　　使环境变量生效

　　查看是否安装成功

[root@localhost jdk1.7.0_79]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

• 安装tomcat

# 创建用户
groupadd tomcat
useradd -s /bin/bash -g tomcat tomcat

# 下载：
wget http://apache.opencas.org/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.68/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz
# 解压：
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz
# 复制：
cp -R ./apache-tomcat-7.0.68 /usr/local
cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68
# 修改权限：
chown -R tomcat:tomcat apache-tomcat-7.0.68
# 启动：
sh ./bin/startup.sh

　　将8080端口添加到防火墙例外并重启

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

　　访问：http://IP:8080/，熟悉的感觉

• 安装Mysql

# 创建用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /dev/null mysql
# 查看mysql用户
id mysql
# 下载：
wget http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir /data
cd /data
mkdir mysql
cd mysql
mkdir -p mysql3306/{logs,tmp,data}
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf

vi /data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf
# 修改
# 指定data目录
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/
# 指定监听端口
port=3306
# 表名忽略大小写
lower_case_table_names=1

　　初始化mysql，（注意获取初始化密码），命令安装也可参考：centos7 安装mysql5.7.11注意事项

[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --initialize
2016-02-26T10:28:43.821897Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-02-26T10:28:43.822126Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2016-02-26T10:28:43.822138Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
2016-02-26T10:28:44.311120Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-02-26T10:28:44.411026Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-02-26T10:28:44.492963Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b671cd20-dc73-11e5-abe1-000c29c3b190.
2016-02-26T10:28:44.495657Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-02-26T10:28:44.511137Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fUVd&7p,qbf0
# 此处需要注意root用户生成的随机密码，后面要用到。

　　启动mysql

 bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --user=root

　　设置root用户密码

[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p password
Enter password: 
New password: 
Confirm new password: 
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

　　编辑/etc/profile，将mysql添加到环境变量（可参考java添加环境变量的方法）

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

• 安装nginx

　　安装依赖库

yum -y install gcc-c++
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel libssl-dev

　　下载并解压

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.12.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.9.12.tar.gz

　　编译安装

./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid --with-http_ssl_module
make
make install

　　如果没报错的话，查看是否安装成功

whereis nginx

　　添加到防火墙例外

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

　　启动nginx

/usr/local/nginx/nginx

　　访问：http://IP/，熟悉的味道

• Nginx和tomcat整合

　　tomcat配置

###### Tomcat配置
# 创建tomcat项目默认目录
mkdir /home/www/web/jsp/
# 配置tomcat默认项目
# ./conf/server.xml中的Host节点中添加
<Context path="" debug="0" docBase="/home/www/web/jsp/" reloadable="true"></Context>
# 重启tomcat
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/bin/startup.sh
# 创建index.jsp内容为“tomcat web project index page”

　　http://IP:8080/

　　

　　创建test.html，内容为“tomcat test html”

　　http://192.168.222.128:8080/test.html

　　

　　nginx配置

　　创建nginx静态文件存放目录

mkdir /home/www/web/ROOT

　　代理设置

[root@localhost nginx]# vi proxy.conf

#!nginx 
# proxy.conf
proxy_redirect          off;
proxy_set_header        Host $host;
proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;  #获取真实ip
#proxy_set_header       X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; #获取代理者的真实ip
client_max_body_size    10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout   90;
proxy_send_timeout      90;
proxy_read_timeout      90;
proxy_buffer_size       4k;
proxy_buffers           4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

　　配置nginx.conf

#运行nginx所在的用户名和用户组
#user  www www;
 
#启动进程数
worker_processes 8;
#全局错误日志及PID文件
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
 
#pid        /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
 
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
 
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
#工作模式及连接数上限
events
{
        use epoll;
        worker_connections 65535;
}
#设定http服务器，利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http
{
        #设定mime类型
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        include /usr/local/nginx/proxy.conf;
        #charset  gb2312;
        #设定请求缓冲   
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
        client_header_buffer_size 32k;
        large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
        #client_max_body_size 8m;
         
        sendfile on;
        tcp_nopush     on;
         
        keepalive_timeout 60;
         
        tcp_nodelay on;
         
        #  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        #  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
        #  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
        #  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
        #  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
        #  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
        #  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
         
        #  gzip on;
        #  gzip_min_length  1k;
        #  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
        #  gzip_http_version 1.0;
        #  gzip_comp_level 2;
        #  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
        #  gzip_vary on;
         
        #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;
        ###禁止通过ip访问站点
        #server{
        #       server_name _;
        #       return 404;
        #}


        server
        {
                listen       80;
                server_name  localhost;
                index index.html index.htm index.jsp;#设定访问的默认首页地址
                root  /home/www/web/ROOT;#设定网站的资源存放路径

                #limit_conn   crawler  20;   

                location / {
                        index   index.html index.jsp;
                }        

                location ~ .*.jsp$ #所有jsp的页面均交由tomcat处理
                {
                        index index.jsp;
                        proxy_pass http://192.168.222.128:8080;#转向tomcat处理
                }
         
         
                location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ #设定访问静态文件直接读取不经过tomcat
                {
                        expires      30d;
                }
         
                location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
                {
                        expires      1h;
                }
         
                #定义访问日志的写入格式
                #log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                #'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                #'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
                #access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/localhost.log access;#设定访问日志的存放路径
         
        }
}

　　检测配置文件

/usr/local/nginx/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

　　平滑重启nginx

/usr/local/nginx/nginx -s reload

　　/home/www/web/ROOT目录下创建test.html内容为“nginx static html”

　　访问：http://IP/test.html

　　此时访问的是nginx静态资源所在的目录

　　http://IP/index.jsp

　　

　　此时html等静态文件访问的是nginx指定的静态文件目录，而jsp文件则分发到tomcat进行处理。

• 服务自启动

　　mysql自启动

1./usr/lib/systemd/system目录下新建mysql.service
    [Unit]
Description=mysql
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
 
[Service]
Type=forking
#LimitNOFILE=max_open_files
PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
TimeoutSec=0
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/mysql/
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --user=mysql
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=false
#Nice=nice_level
#LimitCore=core_file_limit
#Environment="LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/mysql/lib"
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　允许mysql开机启动

systemctl enable mysql

　　检查配置是否成功

systemctl is-enabled mysql

　　mysql开启慢查询

/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf中添加
# 慢日志
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/localhost-slow.log
slow_launch_time=1

　　nginx和tomcat自启动（和mysql类似，不再阐述）