• 高并发下,php与redis实现的抢购、秒杀功能


    抢购、秒杀是如今很常见的一个应用场景,主要需要解决的问题有两个:

    1 高并发对数据库产生的压力

    2 竞争状态下如何解决库存的正确减少("超卖"问题)

    对于第一个问题,已经很容易想到用缓存来处理抢购,避免直接操作数据库,例如使用Redis。

    重点在于第二个问题

    常规写法:

    查询出对应商品的库存,看是否大于0,然后执行生成订单等操作,但是在判断库存是否大于0处,如果在高并发下就会有问题,导致库存量出现负数

    <?php
    $conn=mysqli_connect("localhost","root",""); 
    if(!$conn){ 
    echo "connect failed"; 
    exit; 
    } 
    mysqli_select_db($conn,"ceshi"); 
    mysqli_query($conn,"set names utf8");
    
    $price=10;
    $user_id=1;
    $goods_id=1;
    $sku_id=11;
    $number=1;
    
    //生成唯一订单
    function build_order_no(){
    return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
    }
    //记录日志
    function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) 
    values('$event','$type')"; 
    mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    }
    
    //模拟下单操作
    //库存是否大于0
    $sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'";//解锁 此时ih_store数据中goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' 的数据被锁住(注3),其它事务必须等待此次事务 提交后才能执行
    $rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql);
    $row=mysqli_fetch_assoc($rs);
    if($row['number']>0){//高并发下会导致超卖
    $order_sn=build_order_no();
    //生成订单 
    $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) 
    values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; 
    $order_rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql);
    
    //库存减少
    $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
    $store_rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    if(mysqli_affected_rows($conn)){ 
    insertLog('库存减少成功');
    }else{ 
    insertLog('库存减少失败');
    } 
    }else{
    insertLog('库存不够');
    }
    ?>
    
    优化方案1:将库存字段number字段设为unsigned,当库存为0时,因为字段不能为负数,将会返回false
    
    //库存减少
    $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id' and number>0";
    $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); 
    if(mysql_affected_rows()){ 
        insertLog('库存减少成功');
    }

    优化方案2:使用MySQL的事务,锁住操作的行

    <?php
    $conn=mysqli_connect("localhost","root",""); 
    if(!$conn){ 
        echo "connect failed"; 
        exit; 
    } 
    mysqli_select_db($conn,"ceshi"); 
    mysqli_query($conn,"set names utf8");
    
    $price=10;
    $user_id=1;
    $goods_id=1;
    $sku_id=11;
    $number=1;
    
    //生成唯一订单号
    function build_order_no(){
      return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
    }
    //记录日志
    function insertLog($event,$type=0){
        global $conn;
        $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) 
        values('$event','$type')"; 
        mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    }
    
    //模拟下单操作
    //库存是否大于0
    mysqli_query($conn,"BEGIN");   //开始事务
    $sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' FOR UPDATE";//此时这条记录被锁住,其它事务必须等待此次事务提交后才能执行
    $rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql);
    $row=mysqli_fetch_assoc($rs);
    if($row['number']>0){
        //生成订单 
        $order_sn=build_order_no(); 
        $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) 
        values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; 
        $order_rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    
        //库存减少
        $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
        $store_rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
        if(mysqli_affected_rows($conn)){ 
            insertLog('库存减少成功');
            mysqli_query($conn,"COMMIT");//事务提交即解锁
        }else{ 
            insertLog('库存减少失败');
        }
    }else{
        insertLog('库存不够');
        mysqli_query($conn,"ROLLBACK");
    }
    ?>

    优化方案3:使用非阻塞的文件排他锁

    <?php
    $conn=mysqli_connect("localhost","root",""); 
    if(!$conn){ 
        echo "connect failed"; 
        exit; 
    } 
    mysqli_select_db($conn,"ceshi"); 
    mysqli_query($conn,"set names utf8");
    
    $price=10;
    $user_id=1;
    $goods_id=1;
    $sku_id=11;
    $number=1;
    
    //生成唯一订单号
    function build_order_no(){
      return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
    }
    //记录日志
    function insertLog($event,$type=0){
        global $conn;
        $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) 
        values('$event','$type')"; 
        mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    }
    
    $fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+");
    if(!flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){
        echo "系统繁忙,请稍后再试";
        return;
    }
    //下单
    $sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'";
    $rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql);
    $row=mysqli_fetch_assoc($rs);
    if($row['number']>0){//库存是否大于0
        //模拟下单操作 
        $order_sn=build_order_no(); 
        $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) 
        values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; 
        $order_rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    
        //库存减少
        $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
        $store_rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
        if(mysqli_affected_rows($conn)){ 
            insertLog('库存减少成功');
            flock($fp,LOCK_UN);//释放锁
        }else{ 
            insertLog('库存减少失败');
        } 
    }else{
        insertLog('库存不够');
    }
    fclose($fp);

    优化方案4:使用redis队列,因为pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用户同时到达,也是依次执行,推荐使用(mysql事务在高并发下性能下降很厉害,文件锁的方式也是)

    先将商品库存如队列

    <?php
    $store=1000;
    $redis=new Redis();
    $result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);
    $res=$redis->llen('goods_store');
    echo $res;
    $count=$store-$res;
    for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++){
        $redis->lpush('goods_store',1);
    }
    echo $redis->llen('goods_store');
    ?>

    抢购、描述逻辑

    <?php
    $conn=mysqli_connect("localhost","root",""); 
    if(!$conn){ 
        echo "connect failed"; 
        exit; 
    } 
    mysqli_select_db($conn,"ceshi"); 
    mysqli_query($conn,"set names utf8");
    
    $price=10;
    $user_id=1;
    $goods_id=1;
    $sku_id=11;
    $number=1;
    
    //生成唯一订单号
    function build_order_no(){
      return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
    }
    //记录日志
    function insertLog($event,$type=0){
        global $conn;
        $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) 
        values('$event','$type')"; 
        mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    }
    
    //模拟下单操作
    //下单前判断redis队列库存量
    $redis=new Redis();
    $result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);
    $count=$redis->lpop('goods_store');
    if(!$count){
        insertLog('error:no store redis');
        return;
    }
    
    //生成订单 
    $order_sn=build_order_no();
    $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) 
    values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; 
    $order_rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    
    //库存减少
    $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
    $store_rs=mysqli_query($conn,$sql); 
    if(mysqli_affected_rows()){ 
        insertLog('库存减少成功');
    }else{ 
        insertLog('库存减少失败');
    }

    模拟5000高并发测试

    webbench -c 5000 -t 60 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
    ab -r -n 6000 -c 5000  http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php

    上述只是简单模拟高并发下的抢购,真实场景要比这复杂很多,很多注意的地方

    如抢购页面做成静态的,通过ajax调用接口

    再如上面的会导致一个用户抢多个,思路:

    需要一个排队队列和抢购结果队列及库存队列。高并发情况,先将用户进入排队队列,用一个线程循环处理从排队队列取出一个用户,判断用户是否已在抢购结果队列,如果在,则已抢购,否则未抢购,库存减1,写数据库,将用户入结果队列。

    测试数据表

    --
    -- 数据库: `big`
    --
    
    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- 表的结构 `ih_goods`
    --
    
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_goods` (
      `goods_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `cat_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `goods_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
    ) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
    
    
    --
    -- 转存表中的数据 `ih_goods`
    --
    
    
    INSERT INTO `ih_goods` (`goods_id`, `cat_id`, `goods_name`) VALUES
    (1, 0, '小米手机');
    
    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- 表的结构 `ih_log`
    --
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_log` (
     `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
     `event` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
     `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
     `addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
    
    --
    -- 转存表中的数据 `ih_log`
    --
    
    
    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- 表的结构 `ih_order`
    --
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_order` (
     `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
     `order_sn` char(32) NOT NULL,
     `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
     `status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
     `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
     `sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
     `price` float NOT NULL,
     `addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单表' AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
    
    --
    -- 转存表中的数据 `ih_order`
    --
    
    
    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- 表的结构 `ih_store`
    --
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_store` (
     `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
     `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
     `sku_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
     `number` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
     `freez` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '虚拟库存',
     PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='库存' AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
    
    --
    -- 转存表中的数据 `ih_store`
    --
    
    INSERT INTO `ih_store` (`id`, `goods_id`, `sku_id`, `number`, `freez`) VALUES
    (1, 1, 11, 500, 0);
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qqlong/p/9327844.html
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