Spring源码解析（四）Bean的实例化和依赖注入

我们虽然获得了Bean的描述信息BeanDefinition，但是什么时候才会真正的实例化这些Bean呢。其实一共有两个触发点，但是最后实际上调用的是同一个方法。

第一个：在AbstractApplicationContext的refresh()方法中，容器会初始化lazy-init=false的bean。

// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

第二个：在获得了ApplicationContext后，调用getBean(XX)方法。

实际上它们最终都是调用的AbstractBeanFactory的doGetBean(XX)方法。

/**
     * Return an instance, which may be shared or independent, of the specified bean.
     * @param name the name of the bean to retrieve
     * @param requiredType the required type of the bean to retrieve
     * @param args arguments to use if creating a prototype using explicit arguments to a
     * static factory method. It is invalid to use a non-null args value in any other case.
     * @param typeCheckOnly whether the instance is obtained for a type check,
     * not for actual use
     * @return an instance of the bean
     * @throws BeansException if the bean could not be created
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    protected <T> T doGetBean(
            final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
            throws BeansException {
        //如果name已&开头，去掉&
        final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
        Object bean;

        // Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
        /**1.先在单例缓存中查找*/
        Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
        if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
                    logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
                            "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
                }
                else {
                    logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
                }
            }
            /**2.判断返回instance本身还是要返回FacotryBean*/
            bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
        }

        else {
            // Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
            // We're assumably within a circular reference.
            //判断是否不是循环引用
            if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
                throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
            }

            // Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
            BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
            if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
                // Not found -> check parent.
                String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
                if (args != null) {
                    // Delegation to parent with explicit args.
                    return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
                }
                else {
                    // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
                    return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
                }
            }
            //标记bean已被创建
            if (!typeCheckOnly) {
                markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
            }

            try {
                final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
                checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

                // Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
                /**3.如果bean依赖于其他bean先初始化，先初始化依赖的bean*/
                String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
                if (dependsOn != null) {
                    for (String dependsOnBean : dependsOn) {
                        getBean(dependsOnBean);
                        /**4.记录两个bean相互依赖关系，被依赖的bean在销毁前，要先要销毁依赖它的bean*/
                        registerDependentBean(dependsOnBean, beanName);
                    }
                }

                // Create bean instance.
                /**
                 * 5.创建单例bean,scope="singleton"
                 */
                if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
                    sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
                        public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
                            try {
                                return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                            }
                            catch (BeansException ex) {
                                // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
                                // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
                                // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
                                destroySingleton(beanName);
                                throw ex;
                            }
                        }
                    });
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }
                /**
                 * 6.创建原型bean,scope="prototype"
                 */
                else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
                    // It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
                    Object prototypeInstance = null;
                    try {
                        beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                        prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                    }
                    finally {
                        afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                    }
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }
                /**
                 * 7. scope=request/session/globalSession
                 */
                else {
                    String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
                    final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
                    if (scope == null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope '" + scopeName + "'");
                    }
                    try {
                        Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
                            public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
                                beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                                try {
                                    return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                                }
                                finally {
                                    afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                                }
                            }
                        });
                        bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                    }
                    catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                                "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; " +
                                "consider defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
                                ex);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (BeansException ex) {
                cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        // Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
        if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(bean.getClass())) {
            try {
                return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
            }
            catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type [" +
                            ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "]", ex);
                }
                throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
            }
        }
        return (T) bean;
    }

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory的createBean方法：

@Override
    protected Object createBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args)
            throws BeanCreationException {

        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
        }
        // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
        /**1.解析Bean的Class*/
        resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);

        // Prepare method overrides.
        try {
            /**2.方法注入准备*/
            mbd.prepareMethodOverrides();
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbd.getResourceDescription(),
                    beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
        }

        try {
            // Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
            /**3.BeanPostProcesser第一个扩展点,可以返回一个代理类*/
            Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbd);
            if (bean != null) {
                return bean;
            }
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                    "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
        }
        /**4.执行spring创建bena实例的流程*/
        Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbd, args);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
        }
        return beanInstance;
    }

 第4步才是真正创建实例和初始化的主要方法：

protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) {
        // Instantiate the bean.
       
        BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
        if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
            instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
        }
        if (instanceWrapper == null) {
            /**5.创建bean实例*/
            instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
        }
        final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null);
        Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null);

        // Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
        /**
         * 6.MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor合并父子类属性,例如：List属性
         */
        synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
            if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
                applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
                mbd.postProcessed = true;
            }
        }

        // Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
        // even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
        /**
         * 7.及早暴露单例bean引用，解决循环引用
         */
        boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
                isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
                        "' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
            }
            //创建匿名内部类，匿名内部类会讲beanName、mbd，bean（final修饰）拷贝一份到内部类，已保证当前方法执行完成后局部变量退栈后内部类还可以访问。
            addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
                public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
                    return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
                }
            });
        }

        // Initialize the bean instance.
        Object exposedObject = bean;
        try {
            /**
             * 8.依赖注入
             */
            populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
            if (exposedObject != null) {
                /**
                 * 9.执行自定义BeanProcesser和init-method
                 */
                exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
            }
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
                throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
            }
            else {
                throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
            }
        }

        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
            if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
                if (exposedObject == bean) {
                    exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
                }
                else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
                    String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
                    Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(dependentBeans.length);
                    for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
                        if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
                            actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
                        }
                    }
                    if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
                                "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
                                StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
                                "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
                                "wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
                                "bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
                                "'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Register bean as disposable.
        try {
            /**
             * 10.注册DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessors和destroy-method
             */
            registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
        }

        return exposedObject;
    }

第5步：实例化Bean对象，封装成BeanWrapper

protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) {
        // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
        Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);

        if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                    "Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());
        }
        /**5.1 通过静态方法来实例化bean*/
        if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null)  {
            return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
        }

        // Shortcut when re-creating the same bean...
        boolean resolved = false;
        boolean autowireNecessary = false;
        if (args == null) {
            synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
                if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {
                    resolved = true;
                    autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;
                }
            }
        }
        /**5.2 暂时不知道什么时候会走这???????*/
        if (resolved) {
            if (autowireNecessary) {
                return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
            }
            else {
                return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
            }
        }

        // Need to determine the constructor...
        /**5.3 BeanPostProcessor的又一个扩展点：SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor。
         *  检测Bean的构造器，可以检测出多个候选构造器，再有相应的策略决定使用哪一个，
         *  如AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实现将自动扫描通过@Autowired/@Va
         */
        Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
        /**5.4 通过构造器实例化bean，包括autowire=constructor 和<constructor-arg></constructor-arg>*/
        if (ctors != null ||
                mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
                mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args))  {
            return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
        }

        // No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.
        /**5.5 通过无参构造器实例化bean*/
        return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
    }

第8步：Bean实例的初始化也就是属性的注入

    /**
     * Populate the bean instance in the given BeanWrapper with the property values
     * from the bean definition.
     * @param beanName the name of the bean
     * @param mbd the bean definition for the bean
     * @param bw BeanWrapper with bean instance
     */
    protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw) {
        PropertyValues pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();

        if (bw == null) {
            if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
                throw new BeanCreationException(
                        mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
            }
            else {
                // Skip property population phase for null instance.
                return;
            }
        }

        // Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
        // state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
        // to support styles of field injection.
        boolean continueWithPropertyPopulation = true;
        /**
         * 扩展点3：通过InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor给属性赋值
         */
        if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
            for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
                if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                    InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                    if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
                        continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (!continueWithPropertyPopulation) {
            return;
        }

        if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME ||
                mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
            MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);

            // Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
            if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
                //根据Name自动装配
                autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
            }

            // Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
            if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
                //根据Type自动装配
                autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
            }

            pvs = newPvs;
        }

        boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
        boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != RootBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);

        if (hasInstAwareBpps || needsDepCheck) {
            PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
            if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
                /**
                 * InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcesser在属性注入之前的扩展点
                 */
                for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
                    if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                        InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                        pvs = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
                        if (pvs == null) {
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            /**是否需要依赖检查*/
            if (needsDepCheck) {
                checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
            }
        }
        /**属性注入*/
        applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
    }

最终是通过java反射调用set方法的invoke实现的属性注入。BeanWrapperImpl setPropertyValue方法

                //省略..... 2                 if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
                    try {
                        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {
                            public Object run() throws Exception {
                                writeMethod.invoke(object, value);
                                return null;
                            }
                        }, acc);
                    }
                    catch (PrivilegedActionException ex) {
                        throw ex.getException();
                    }
                }
                else {
                    writeMethod.invoke(this.object, value);
                }
            }

　　　　　　　　  //省略.....

到此，bean的实例化和属性注入已经完成。但是Bean实例的初始化工作还没完成，还有一系列的初始化工作。

第9步：初始化Bean实例

protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
                public Object run() {
                    invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
                    return null;
                }
            }, getAccessControlContext());
        }
        else {
            /**1.为实现Aware接口的bean设置一些相应的资源**/
            invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
        }

        Object wrappedBean = bean;
        if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
            /**2.调用BeanPostProcesser postProcessBeforeInitialization方法*/
            wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
        }

        try {
            /**3.调用InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet方法
             *   调用自定义init-method
             */
            invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    (mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
                    beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
        }

        if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
            /**
             * 4.调用BeanPostProcesser postProcessAfterInitialization方法
             */
            wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
        }
        return wrappedBean;
    }

第10步：注册DisposableBean

protected void registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(String beanName, Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
        AccessControlContext acc = (System.getSecurityManager() != null ? getAccessControlContext() : null);
        if (!mbd.isPrototype() && requiresDestruction(bean, mbd)) {
            //单例
            if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
                // Register a DisposableBean implementation that performs all destruction
                // work for the given bean: DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessors,
                // DisposableBean interface, custom destroy method.
                registerDisposableBean(beanName,
                        new DisposableBeanAdapter(bean, beanName, mbd, getBeanPostProcessors(), acc));
            }
            else {
                // A bean with a custom scope...
                Scope scope = this.scopes.get(mbd.getScope());
                if (scope == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope '" + mbd.getScope() + "'");
                }
                scope.registerDestructionCallback(beanName,
                        new DisposableBeanAdapter(bean, beanName, mbd, getBeanPostProcessors(), acc));
            }
        }
    }

public void registerDisposableBean(String beanName, DisposableBean bean) {
        synchronized (this.disposableBeans) {
            this.disposableBeans.put(beanName, bean);
        }
    }

public DisposableBeanAdapter(Object bean, String beanName, RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition,
            List<BeanPostProcessor> postProcessors, AccessControlContext acc) {

        Assert.notNull(bean, "Disposable bean must not be null");
        this.bean = bean;
        this.beanName = beanName;
        this.invokeDisposableBean =
                (this.bean instanceof DisposableBean && !beanDefinition.isExternallyManagedDestroyMethod("destroy"));
        this.nonPublicAccessAllowed = beanDefinition.isNonPublicAccessAllowed();
        this.acc = acc;
        String destroyMethodName = inferDestroyMethodIfNecessary(bean, beanDefinition);
        if (destroyMethodName != null && !(this.invokeDisposableBean && "destroy".equals(destroyMethodName)) &&
                !beanDefinition.isExternallyManagedDestroyMethod(destroyMethodName)) {
            this.destroyMethodName = destroyMethodName;
            this.destroyMethod = determineDestroyMethod();
            if (this.destroyMethod == null) {
                if (beanDefinition.isEnforceDestroyMethod()) {
                    throw new BeanDefinitionValidationException("Couldn't find a destroy method named '" +
                            destroyMethodName + "' on bean with name '" + beanName + "'");
                }
            }
            else {
                Class<?>[] paramTypes = this.destroyMethod.getParameterTypes();
                if (paramTypes.length > 1) {
                    throw new BeanDefinitionValidationException("Method '" + destroyMethodName + "' of bean '" +
                            beanName + "' has more than one parameter - not supported as destroy method");
                }
                else if (paramTypes.length == 1 && !paramTypes[0].equals(boolean.class)) {
                    throw new BeanDefinitionValidationException("Method '" + destroyMethodName + "' of bean '" +
                            beanName + "' has a non-boolean parameter - not supported as destroy method");
                }
            }
        }
        this.beanPostProcessors = filterPostProcessors(postProcessors);
    }

到此，Spring Bean的实例化和初始化工作就完成了。

总结一下Bean的实例创建和初始化过程，也就是Bean的生命周期：