• 04Spring之依赖注入


    Spring依赖注入的方式

    依赖注入底层原理流程图: https://www.processon.com/view/link/5f899fa5f346fb06e1d8f570

    首先分两种:

    1. 手动注入
    2. 自动注入

    手动注入

    在XML中定义Bean时,就是手动注入,因为是程序员手动给某个属性指定了值

    <bean name="userService" class="com.luban.service.UserService">
    	<property name="orderService" ref="orderService"/>
    </bean>
    

    上面这种底层是通过set方法进行注入。

    <bean name="userService" class="com.luban.service.UserService">
    	<constructor-arg index="0" ref="orderService"/>
    </bean>
    

    上面这种底层是通过构造方法进行注入。

    所以手动注入的底层也就是分为两种:

    1. set方法注入
    2. 构造方法注入

    自动注入

    自动注入又分为两种:

    1. spring自带的自动注入
    2. @Autowired注解的自动注入

    spring自带的自动注入(了解)

    在XML中,我们可以在定义一个Bean时去指定这个Bean的自动注入模式:

    1. byType
    2. byName
    3. constructor
    4. default
    5. no

    比如:

    <bean id="userService" class="com.luban.service.UserService" autowire="byType"/>
    

    这么写,表示Spring会自动的给userService中所有的属性自动赋值(不需要这个属性上有@Autowired注解,但需要这个属性有对应的set方法)。

    源码如下

    //是否在beandefinition中设置了属性值
    		PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null);
    		//mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode()判断是BY_NAME或者BY_TYPE 比如@bean注解后面设置BY_NAME或者BY_TYPE,一般@autowire不会进
    		if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME || mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
    			MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
    			// 通过名字找到所有属性值,如果是 bean 依赖,先初始化依赖的 bean。记录依赖关系
    			// Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
    			if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
    				autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
    			}
    			// 通过类型装配。复杂一些
    			// Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
    			if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
    				autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
    			}
    			pvs = newPvs;
    		}
    

    byName

    源码如下

    protected void autowireByName(
    			String beanName, AbstractBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, MutablePropertyValues pvs) {
    		//找到属性名:对应set方法名的,这里propertyName是指set方法名
    		String[] propertyNames = unsatisfiedNonSimpleProperties(mbd, bw);
    		for (String propertyName : propertyNames) {
    			//是否存在该beanfinition
    			if (containsBean(propertyName)) {
    				//创建或者获取对应beanName的bean
    				Object bean = getBean(propertyName);
    				//给属性赋值
    				pvs.add(propertyName, bean);
    				//添加依赖关系
    				registerDependentBean(propertyName, beanName);
    				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    					logger.trace("Added autowiring by name from bean name '" + beanName +
    							"' via property '" + propertyName + "' to bean named '" + propertyName + "'");
    				}
    			}
    			else {
    				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    					logger.trace("Not autowiring property '" + propertyName + "' of bean '" + beanName +
    							"' by name: no matching bean found");
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}
    

    unsatisfiedNonSimpleProperties源码

    protected String[] unsatisfiedNonSimpleProperties(AbstractBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw) {
    		Set<String> result = new TreeSet<>();
    		PropertyValues pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();//beandefinition的属性名称和属性值
    		//属性描述器,没有属性的时候也存在该对象,writeMethod指set方法,readMethod指get方法,name指set方法名称
    		PropertyDescriptor[] pds = bw.getPropertyDescriptors();
    		for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) {
    			if (pd.getWriteMethod() != null && !isExcludedFromDependencyCheck(pd) && !pvs.contains(pd.getName()) &&
    					!BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(pd.getPropertyType())) {
    				result.add(pd.getName());
    			}
    		}
    		return StringUtils.toStringArray(result);
    	}
    

    在创建Bean的过程中,在填充属性时,Spring会去解析当前类,把当前类的所有方法都解析出来,Spring会去解析每个方法得到对应的PropertyDescriptor对象,PropertyDescriptor中有几个属性:

    1. name:这个name并不是方法的名字,而是拿方法名字进过处理后的名字
      1. 如果方法名字以“get”开头,比如“getXXX”,那么name=XXX
      2. 如果方法名字以“is”开头,比如“isXXX”,那么name=XXX
      3. 如果方法名字以“set”开头,比如“setXXX”,那么name=XXX
    2. readMethodRef:表示get方法的Method对象的引用
    3. readMethodName:表示get方法的名字
    4. writeMethodRef:表示set方法的Method对象的引用
    5. writeMethodName:表示set方法的名字
    6. propertyTypeRef:如果有get方法那么对应的就是返回值的类型,如果是set方法那么对应的就是set方法中唯一参数的类型

    get方法的定义是: 方法参数个数为0个,并且 (方法名字以"get"开头 或者 方法名字以"is"开头并且方法的返回类型为boolean)

    set方法的定义是:方法参数个数为1个,并且 (方法名字以"set"开头并且方法返回类型为void)

    所以,Spring在通过byName的自动填充属性时流程是:

    1. 找到所有set方法所对应的XXX部分的名字
    2. 根据XXX部分的名字去获取bean
    3. 取到bean,作为属性进行赋值
    4. 添加依赖关系

    byType

    源码如下

    protected void autowireByType(
    			String beanName, AbstractBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, MutablePropertyValues pvs) {
    		//类型转化器
    		TypeConverter converter = getCustomTypeConverter();
    		if (converter == null) {
    			converter = bw;
    		}
    
    		Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
    		//找到对应set方法的属性 ,这里propertyName是指set方法名
    		String[] propertyNames = unsatisfiedNonSimpleProperties(mbd, bw);
    		for (String propertyName : propertyNames) {
    			try {
    				//拿到get,set方法
    				PropertyDescriptor pd = bw.getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName);
    				// Don't try autowiring by type for type Object: never makes sense,
    				// even if it technically is a unsatisfied, non-simple property.
    				if (Object.class != pd.getPropertyType()) {//排除Object类型
    					//set方法发的参数信息
    					MethodParameter methodParam = BeanUtils.getWriteMethodParameter(pd);
    					// Do not allow eager init for type matching in case of a prioritized post-processor.
    					//是否实现了PriorityOrdered接口
    					boolean eager = !PriorityOrdered.class.isInstance(bw.getWrappedInstance());
    					//根据上述参数信息获取依赖描述DependencyDescriptor,取到参数的类型
    					DependencyDescriptor desc = new AutowireByTypeDependencyDescriptor(methodParam, eager);
    					//根据类型找bean,这就是ByType
    					Object autowiredArgument = resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, converter);
    					if (autowiredArgument != null) {
    						pvs.add(propertyName, autowiredArgument);
    					}
    					for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) {
    						registerDependentBean(autowiredBeanName, beanName);
    						if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    							logger.trace("Autowiring by type from bean name '" + beanName + "' via property '" +
    									propertyName + "' to bean named '" + autowiredBeanName + "'");
    						}
    					}
    					autowiredBeanNames.clear();
    				}
    			}
    			catch (BeansException ex) {
    				throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, propertyName, ex);
    			}
    		}
    	}
    

    resolveDependency的源码后续再看

    Spring在通过byType的自动填充属性时流程是:

    1. 获取到set方法中的唯一参数的参数类型,并且根据该类型去容器中获取bean
    2. 如果找到多个,会报错。

    以上,分析了autowire的byType和byName情况,那么接下来分析constructor,constructor表示通过构造方法注入,其实这种情况就比较简单了,没有byType和byName那么复杂。

    如果是constructor,那么就可以不写set方法了,当某个bean是通过构造方法来注入时,spring利用构造方法的参数信息从Spring容器中去找bean,找到bean之后作为参数传给构造方法,从而实例化得到一个bean对象,并完成属性赋值(属性赋值的代码得程序员来写)。

    我们这里先不考虑一个类有多个构造方法的情况,后面单独讲推断构造方法。我们这里只考虑只有一个有参构造方法。

    其实构造方法注入相当于byType+byName,普通的byType是根据set方法中的参数类型去找bean,找到多个会报错,而constructor就是通过构造方法中的参数类型去找bean,如果找到多个会根据参数名确定。

    另外两个:

    1. no,表示关闭autowire
    2. default,表示默认值,我们一直演示的某个bean的autowire,而也可以直接在标签中设置autowire,如果设置了,那么标签中设置的autowire如果为default,那么则会用标签中设置的autowire。

    可以发现XML中的自动注入是挺强大的,那么问题来了,为什么我们平时都是用的@Autowired注解呢?而没有用上文说的这种自动注入方式呢?

    @Autowired注解相当于XML中的autowire属性的注解方式的替代。这是在官网上有提到的。

    Essentially, the @Autowired annotation provides the same capabilities as described in Autowiring Collaborators but with more fine-grained control and wider applicability
    

    翻译一下: 从本质上讲,@Autowired注解提供了与autowire相同的功能,但是拥有更细粒度的控制和更广泛的适用性。

    注意:更细粒度的控制

    XML中的autowire控制的是整个bean的所有属性,而@Autowired注解是直接写在某个属性、某个set方法、某个构造方法上的。

    再举个例子,如果一个类有多个构造方法,那么如果用XML的autowire=constructor,你无法控制到底用哪个构造方法,而你可以用@Autowired注解来直接指定你想用哪个构造方法。

    同时,用@Autowired注解,还可以控制,哪些属性想被自动注入,哪些属性不想,这也是细粒度的控制。

    但是@Autowired无法区分byType和byName,@Autowired是先byType,如果找到多个则byName。

    那么XML的自动注入底层其实也就是:

    1. set方法注入
    2. 构造方法注入

    @Autowired注解对象的自动注入

    上文说了@Autowired注解,是byType和byName的结合。

    @Autowired注解可以写在:

    1. 属性上:先根据属性类型去找Bean,如果找到多个再根据属性名确定一个
    2. 构造方法上:先根据方法参数类型去找Bean,如果找到多个再根据参数名确定一个
    3. set方法上:先根据方法参数类型去找Bean,如果找到多个再根据参数名确定一个

    而这种底层到了:

    1. 属性注入
    2. set方法注入
    3. 构造方法注入

    @Autowired注入

    源码如下

    //执行完spring的自动注入以后,开始解析@autowire,这里叫做实例化回调
    //如果在前面的流程中已经给属性赋值过了,那么这里不在赋值
    boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
    boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != AbstractBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);
    //解析@autowire,PropertyDescriptor是属性描述器
    PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = null;
    if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
    	if (pvs == null) {
    		pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
    	}
    	for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
    		if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
    			InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
    			//调用BeanPostProcessor解析@autowire,@value,@resource等注解,得到属性值
    			//@autowire由AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor解析
    			PropertyValues pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
    			if (pvsToUse == null) {
    				if (filteredPds == null) {
    					filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
    				}
    				pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
    				if (pvsToUse == null) {
    					return;
    				}
    			}
    			pvs = pvsToUse;
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName)源码如下

    @Override
    public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
    	//InjectionMetadata中保存了所有被@autowire注解标注的属性/方法,并封装成InjectedElement集合,存入injectionMetadataCache
    	InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
    	try {
    		//按注入点进行注入
    		metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
    	}
    	catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
    		throw ex;
    	}
    	catch (Throwable ex) {
    		throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
    	}
    	return pvs;
    }
    

    寻找注入点

    findAutowiringMetadata源码如下

    private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) {
    	// Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
    	String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
    	// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
    	InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
    	if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
    		synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
    			metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
    			if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
    				if (metadata != null) {
    					metadata.clear(pvs);
    				}
    				//解析注入点并缓存,注入点就是加了Autowire注解的属性或方法
    				metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
    				this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	return metadata;
    }
    

    buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz)源码如下

    private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
    	List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();
    	Class<?> targetClass = clazz;
    
    	//外层do while循环
    	do {
    		final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new ArrayList<>();
    
    		//遍历targetClass所有Field,执行Lambda 表达式
    		ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
    			//判断field上是否存在@Autowired,@value,@Inject注解
    			AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
    			if (ann != null) {
    				//静态属性不会作为注入点
    				if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
    					if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
    						logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
    					}
    					return;
    				}
    				//构造注入点,加入集合中currElements
    				boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
    				currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
    			}
    		});
    		//遍历targetClass所有Method,执行Lambda 表达式
    		ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
    			//判断是否是桥接方法,桥接:实现了父类的set方法
    			Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
    			if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
    				return;
    			}
    			//判断Method上是否存在@Autowired,@value,@Inject注解
    			AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
    			if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
    				//静态method不会作为注入点
    				if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
    					if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
    						logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
    					}
    					return;
    				}
    				//set方法最好有参数
    				if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
    					if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
    						logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
    								method);
    					}
    				}
    				//构造注入点,加入集合中currElements
    				boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
    				PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
    				currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
    			}
    		});
    		//将currElements加入elements集合中,最后返回
    		elements.addAll(0, currElements);
    		//看看targetClass的父类是否存在,若存在,继续遍历父类
    		targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
    	}
    	while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
    
    	return new InjectionMetadata(clazz, elements);
    }
    

    findAutowiredAnnotation()方法源码

    @Nullable
    private AnnotationAttributes findAutowiredAnnotation(AccessibleObject ao) {
    	if (ao.getAnnotations().length > 0) {  // autowiring annotations have to be local
    		for (Class<? extends Annotation> type : this.autowiredAnnotationTypes) {
    			AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedAnnotationAttributes(ao, type);
    			if (attributes != null) {
    				return attributes;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	return null;
    }
    

    this.autowiredAnnotationTypes

    private final Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> autowiredAnnotationTypes = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
    

    autowiredAnnotationTypes在构造方法中预置了Autowired,Value和Inject注解

    public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
    	this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class);
    	this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class);
    	try {
    		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>)
    				ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Inject", AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader()));
    		logger.trace("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring");
    	}
    	catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
    		// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
    	}
    }
    

    寻找注入点总结

    在创建一个Bean的过程中,Spring会利用AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的postProcessMergedBeanDefinition()找出注入点并缓存,找注入点的流程为:

    1. 遍历当前类的所有的属性字段Field
    2. 查看字段上是否存在@Autowired、@Value、@Inject中的其中任意一个,存在则认为该字段是一个注入点
    3. 如果字段是static的,则不进行注入
    4. 获取@Autowired中的required属性的值
    5. 将字段信息构造成一个AutowiredFieldElement对象,作为一个注入点对象添加到currElements集合中。
    6. 遍历当前类的所有方法Method
    7. 判断当前Method是否是桥接方法,如果是找到原方法
    8. 查看方法上是否存在@Autowired、@Value、@Inject中的其中任意一个,存在则认为该方法是一个注入点
    9. 如果方法是static的,则不进行注入
    10. 获取@Autowired中的required属性的值
    11. 将方法信息构造成一个AutowiredMethodElement对象,作为一个注入点对象添加到currElements集合中。
    12. 遍历完当前类的字段和方法后,将遍历父类的,直到没有父类。
    13. 最后将currElements集合封装成一个InjectionMetadata对象,作为当前Bean对于的注入点集合对象,并缓存。

    静态字段或方法为什么不支持

    @Component
    @Scope("prototype")
    public class OrderService {
    
    
    }
    
    @Component
    @Scope("prototype")
    public class UserService  {
    
    	@Autowired
    	private static OrderService orderService;
    
    	public void test() {
    		System.out.println("test123");
    	}
    
    }
    

    看上面代码,UserService和OrderService都是原型Bean,假设Spring支持static字段进行自动注入,那么现在调用两次

    1. UserService userService1 = context.getBean("userService")
    2. UserService userService2 = context.getBean("userService")

    问此时,userService1的orderService值是什么?还是它自己注入的值吗?

    答案是不是,一旦userService2 创建好了之后,static orderService字段的值就发生了修改了,从而出现bug。

    桥接方法

    public interface UserInterface<T> {
    	void setOrderService(T t);
    }
    @Component
    public class UserService implements UserInterface<OrderService> {
    
    	private OrderService orderService;
    
    	@Override
    	@Autowired
    	public void setOrderService(OrderService orderService) {
    		this.orderService = orderService;
    	}
    
    	public void test() {
    		System.out.println("test123");
    	}
    
    }
    

    UserService对应的字节码为:

    // class version 52.0 (52)
    // access flags 0x21
    // signature Ljava/lang/Object;Lcom/zhouyu/service/UserInterface<Lcom/zhouyu/service/OrderService;>;
    // declaration: com/zhouyu/service/UserService implements com.zhouyu.service.UserInterface<com.zhouyu.service.OrderService>
    public class com/zhouyu/service/UserService implements com/zhouyu/service/UserInterface {
    
      // compiled from: UserService.java
    
      @Lorg/springframework/stereotype/Component;()
    
      // access flags 0x2
      private Lcom/zhouyu/service/OrderService; orderService
    
      // access flags 0x1
      public <init>()V
       L0
        LINENUMBER 12 L0
        ALOAD 0
        INVOKESPECIAL java/lang/Object.<init> ()V
        RETURN
       L1
        LOCALVARIABLE this Lcom/zhouyu/service/UserService; L0 L1 0
        MAXSTACK = 1
        MAXLOCALS = 1
    
      // access flags 0x1
      public setOrderService(Lcom/zhouyu/service/OrderService;)V
      @Lorg/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/Autowired;()
       L0
        LINENUMBER 19 L0
        ALOAD 0
        ALOAD 1
        PUTFIELD com/zhouyu/service/UserService.orderService : Lcom/zhouyu/service/OrderService;
       L1
        LINENUMBER 20 L1
        RETURN
       L2
        LOCALVARIABLE this Lcom/zhouyu/service/UserService; L0 L2 0
        LOCALVARIABLE orderService Lcom/zhouyu/service/OrderService; L0 L2 1
        MAXSTACK = 2
        MAXLOCALS = 2
    
      // access flags 0x1
      public test()V
       L0
        LINENUMBER 23 L0
        GETSTATIC java/lang/System.out : Ljava/io/PrintStream;
        LDC "test123"
        INVOKEVIRTUAL java/io/PrintStream.println (Ljava/lang/String;)V
       L1
        LINENUMBER 24 L1
        RETURN
       L2
        LOCALVARIABLE this Lcom/zhouyu/service/UserService; L0 L2 0
        MAXSTACK = 2
        MAXLOCALS = 1
    
      // access flags 0x1041
      public synthetic bridge setOrderService(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
      @Lorg/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/Autowired;()
       L0
        LINENUMBER 11 L0
        ALOAD 0
        ALOAD 1
        CHECKCAST com/zhouyu/service/OrderService
        INVOKEVIRTUAL com/zhouyu/service/UserService.setOrderService (Lcom/zhouyu/service/OrderService;)V
        RETURN
       L1
        LOCALVARIABLE this Lcom/zhouyu/service/UserService; L0 L1 0
        MAXSTACK = 2
        MAXLOCALS = 2
    }
    

    可以看到在UserSerivce的字节码中有两个setOrderService方法:

    1. public setOrderService(Lcom/zhouyu/service/OrderService;)V
    2. public synthetic bridge setOrderService(Ljava/lang/Object;)V

    并且都是存在@Autowired注解的。

    所以在Spring中需要处理这种情况,当遍历到桥接方法时,得找到原方法。

    注入点进行注入

    Spring在AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的postProcessProperties()方法中,会遍历所找到的注入点依次进行注入。

    源码如下

    @Override
    public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
    	//InjectionMetadata中保存了所有被@autowire注解标注的属性/方法,并封装成InjectedElement集合,存入injectionMetadataCache
    	InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
    	try {
    		//按注入点进行注入
    		metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
    	}
    	catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
    		throw ex;
    	}
    	catch (Throwable ex) {
    		throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
    	}
    	return pvs;
    }
    

    metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs)源码如下

    public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
    	Collection<InjectedElement> checkedElements = this.checkedElements;
    	Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =
    			(checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
    	if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
    		//遍历所有找到的InjectedElement,进行依赖注入
    		for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
    			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    				logger.trace("Processing injected element of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element);
    			}
    			element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    @Autowire注解标记的依赖注入在实现类中AutowiredFieldElement和AutowiredMethodElement查看,源码如下

    字段注入

    对@Autowire注解标记的Field进行依赖注入,源码如下

    @Override
    protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
    	Field field = (Field) this.member;
    	Object value;
    	if (this.cached) {
    		value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
    	}
    	else {
    		//把field,封装成依赖描述器DependencyDescriptor
    		DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
    		desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
    		Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
    		Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
    		TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
    		try {
    			//从beanFactory查找到匹配的对象,进行依赖注入
    			value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
    		}
    		catch (BeansException ex) {
    			throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
    		}
    		synchronized (this) {
    			if (!this.cached) {
    				if (value != null || this.required) {
    					this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
    					//注册依赖关系
    					registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
    					if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
    						String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
    						if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
    								beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
    							this.cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
    									desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
    						}
    					}
    				}
    				else {
    					this.cachedFieldValue = null;
    				}
    				this.cached = true;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	//调用反射对Field字段进行赋值
    	if (value != null) {
    		//field.setAccessible(true);
    		ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
    		field.set(bean, value);
    	}
    }
    }
    
    字段注入总结
    1. 遍历所有的AutowiredFieldElement对象。
    2. 将对应的字段封装为DependencyDescriptor对象
    3. 调用BeanFactory的resolveDependency()方法,传入DependencyDescriptor对象,进行依赖查找,找到当前字段所匹配的Bean对象。
    4. DependencyDescriptor对象和所找到的结果对象beanName封装成一个ShortcutDependencyDescriptor对象作为缓存,比如如果当前Bean是原型Bean,那么下次再来创建该Bean时,就可以直接拿缓存的结果对象beanName去BeanFactory中去那bean对象了,不用再次进行查找了
    5. 利用反射将结果对象赋值给字段。

    Set方法注入

    对@Autowire注解标记的Method进行依赖注入,源码如下

    @Override
    protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
    	if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
    		return;
    	}
    	Method method = (Method) this.member;
    	Object[] arguments;
    	if (this.cached) {
    		// Shortcut for avoiding synchronization...
    		arguments = resolveCachedArguments(beanName);
    	}
    	else {
    		Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
    		arguments = new Object[paramTypes.length];
    		//将method的arguments解析成DependencyDescriptor[]
    		DependencyDescriptor[] descriptors = new DependencyDescriptor[paramTypes.length];
    		Set<String> autowiredBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(paramTypes.length);
    		Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
    		TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
    		//这里遍历所有arguments参数
    		for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
    			//方法的每个参数再构成DependencyDescriptor
    			MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(method, i);
    			DependencyDescriptor currDesc = new DependencyDescriptor(methodParam, this.required);
    			currDesc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
    			descriptors[i] = currDesc;
    			try {
    				//和field一样,从beanFactory取得对象
    				Object arg = beanFactory.resolveDependency(currDesc, beanName, autowiredBeans, typeConverter);
    				if (arg == null && !this.required) {
    					arguments = null;
    					break;
    				}
    				arguments[i] = arg;
    			}
    			catch (BeansException ex) {
    				throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(methodParam), ex);
    			}
    		}
    		synchronized (this) {
    			if (!this.cached) {
    				if (arguments != null) {
    					Object[] cachedMethodArguments = new Object[paramTypes.length];
    					System.arraycopy(descriptors, 0, cachedMethodArguments, 0, arguments.length);
    					//注册依赖关系
    					registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeans);
    					if (autowiredBeans.size() == paramTypes.length) {
    						Iterator<String> it = autowiredBeans.iterator();
    						for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
    							String autowiredBeanName = it.next();
    							if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
    									beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i])) {
    								cachedMethodArguments[i] = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
    										descriptors[i], autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i]);
    							}
    						}
    					}
    					this.cachedMethodArguments = cachedMethodArguments;
    				}
    				else {
    					this.cachedMethodArguments = null;
    				}
    				this.cached = true;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	if (arguments != null) {
    		try {
    			//method.setAccessible(true);
    			ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
    			//使用反射调用方式进行依赖注入
    			method.invoke(bean, arguments);
    		}
    		catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
    			throw ex.getTargetException();
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    Set方法注入总结
    1. 遍历所有的AutowiredMethodElement对象
    2. 遍历将对应的方法的参数,将每个参数封装成MethodParameter对象
    3. MethodParameter对象封装为DependencyDescriptor对象
    4. 调用BeanFactory的resolveDependency()方法,传入DependencyDescriptor对象,进行依赖查找,找到当前方法参数所匹配的Bean对象。
    5. DependencyDescriptor对象和所找到的结果对象beanName封装成一个ShortcutDependencyDescriptor对象作为缓存,比如如果当前Bean是原型Bean,那么下次再来创建该Bean时,就可以直接拿缓存的结果对象beanName去BeanFactory中去那bean对象了,不用再次进行查找了
    6. 利用反射将找到的所有结果对象传给当前方法,并执行。

    核心方法解析

    上面我们讲了Spring中的自动注入(byName,byType)和@Autowired注解的工作原理以及源码分析,

    我们来分析还没讲完的,剩下的核心的方法:

    @Nullable
    Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String requestingBeanName,
          @Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException;
    

    该方法表示,传入一个依赖描述(DependencyDescriptor),该方法会根据该依赖描述从BeanFactory中找出对应的唯一的一个Bean对象。

    下面来分析一下DefaultListableBeanFactoryresolveDependency()方法的具体实现,源码如下

    @Override
    @Nullable
    public Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String requestingBeanName,
    		@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
    
    	descriptor.initParameterNameDiscovery(getParameterNameDiscoverer());
    	if (Optional.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
    		return createOptionalDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
    	}
    	else if (ObjectFactory.class == descriptor.getDependencyType() ||
    			ObjectProvider.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
    		return new DependencyObjectProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
    	}
    	else if (javaxInjectProviderClass == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
    		return new Jsr330Factory().createDependencyProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
    	}
    	else {
    		Object result = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(
    				descriptor, requestingBeanName);
    		if (result == null) {
    			result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
    		}
    		return result;
    	}
    }
    

    稍微总结一下

    • 类型是Optional的特殊处理(不重要)
    • 依赖上有@lazy注解的特殊处理,会生成一个代理对象,直接return,然后在调用该属性时才会调用doResolveDependency(不重要)
    • ObjectFactory类型的对象,直接在getObject()时返回

    下面主要看最后一个else的doResolveDependency源码

    @Nullable
    public Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName,
    		@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
    
    	InjectionPoint previousInjectionPoint = ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(descriptor);
    	try {
    		Object shortcut = descriptor.resolveShortcut(this);
    		if (shortcut != null) {
    			return shortcut;
    		}
    
    		Class<?> type = descriptor.getDependencyType();
    		Object value = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getSuggestedValue(descriptor);
    		if (value != null) {
    			if (value instanceof String) {
    				String strVal = resolveEmbeddedValue((String) value);
    				BeanDefinition bd = (beanName != null && containsBean(beanName) ?
    						getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName) : null);
    				value = evaluateBeanDefinitionString(strVal, bd);
    			}
    			TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
    			try {
    				return converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getTypeDescriptor());
    			}
    			catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
    				// A custom TypeConverter which does not support TypeDescriptor resolution...
    				return (descriptor.getField() != null ?
    						converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getField()) :
    						converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getMethodParameter()));
    			}
    		}
    		//判断descriptor类型,将其他类型转成map或object(map的value)
    		Object multipleBeans = resolveMultipleBeans(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
    		if (multipleBeans != null) {
    			return multipleBeans;
    		}
    
    		Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
    		if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
    			if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
    				raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
    			}
    			return null;
    		}
    
    		String autowiredBeanName;
    		Object instanceCandidate;
    
    		if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
    			autowiredBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
    			if (autowiredBeanName == null) {
    				if (isRequired(descriptor) || !indicatesMultipleBeans(type)) {
    					return descriptor.resolveNotUnique(descriptor.getResolvableType(), matchingBeans);
    				}
    				else {
    					// In case of an optional Collection/Map, silently ignore a non-unique case:
    					// possibly it was meant to be an empty collection of multiple regular beans
    					// (before 4.3 in particular when we didn't even look for collection beans).
    					return null;
    				}
    			}
    			instanceCandidate = matchingBeans.get(autowiredBeanName);
    		}
    		else {
    			// We have exactly one match.
    			Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();
    			autowiredBeanName = entry.getKey();
    			instanceCandidate = entry.getValue();
    		}
    
    		if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
    			autowiredBeanNames.add(autowiredBeanName);
    		}
    		if (instanceCandidate instanceof Class) {
    			instanceCandidate = descriptor.resolveCandidate(autowiredBeanName, type, this);
    		}
    		Object result = instanceCandidate;
    		if (result instanceof NullBean) {
    			if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
    				raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
    			}
    			result = null;
    		}
    		if (!ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(type, result)) {
    			throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(autowiredBeanName, type, instanceCandidate.getClass());
    		}
    		return result;
    	}
    	finally {
    		ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(previousInjectionPoint);
    	}
    }
    
    @value注解

    源码如下

    DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
    desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
    Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
    Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
    TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
    try {
    	value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
    }
    catch (BeansException ex) {
    	throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
    }
    

    具体解析细节有时间再仔细研究吧

    resolveMultipleBeans源码如下

    @Nullable
    private Object resolveMultipleBeans(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName,
    		@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) {
    
    	Class<?> type = descriptor.getDependencyType();
    
    	if (descriptor instanceof StreamDependencyDescriptor) {
    		Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
    		if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
    			autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
    		}
    		Stream<Object> stream = matchingBeans.keySet().stream()
    				.map(name -> descriptor.resolveCandidate(name, type, this))
    				.filter(bean -> !(bean instanceof NullBean));
    		if (((StreamDependencyDescriptor) descriptor).isOrdered()) {
    			stream = stream.sorted(adaptOrderComparator(matchingBeans));
    		}
    		return stream;
    	}
    	else if (type.isArray()) {
    		Class<?> componentType = type.getComponentType();
    		ResolvableType resolvableType = descriptor.getResolvableType();
    		Class<?> resolvedArrayType = resolvableType.resolve(type);
    		if (resolvedArrayType != type) {
    			componentType = resolvableType.getComponentType().resolve();
    		}
    		if (componentType == null) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, componentType,
    				new MultiElementDescriptor(descriptor));
    		if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
    			autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
    		}
    		TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
    		Object result = converter.convertIfNecessary(matchingBeans.values(), resolvedArrayType);
    		if (result instanceof Object[]) {
    			Comparator<Object> comparator = adaptDependencyComparator(matchingBeans);
    			if (comparator != null) {
    				Arrays.sort((Object[]) result, comparator);
    			}
    		}
    		return result;
    	}
    	else if (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(type) && type.isInterface()) {
    		Class<?> elementType = descriptor.getResolvableType().asCollection().resolveGeneric();
    		if (elementType == null) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, elementType,
    				new MultiElementDescriptor(descriptor));
    		if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
    			autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
    		}
    		TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
    		Object result = converter.convertIfNecessary(matchingBeans.values(), type);
    		if (result instanceof List) {
    			if (((List<?>) result).size() > 1) {
    				Comparator<Object> comparator = adaptDependencyComparator(matchingBeans);
    				if (comparator != null) {
    					((List<?>) result).sort(comparator);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    		return result;
    	}
    	else if (Map.class == type) {
    		ResolvableType mapType = descriptor.getResolvableType().asMap();
    		Class<?> keyType = mapType.resolveGeneric(0);
    		if (String.class != keyType) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		Class<?> valueType = mapType.resolveGeneric(1);
    		if (valueType == null) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, valueType,
    				new MultiElementDescriptor(descriptor));
    		if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
    			autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
    		}
    		return matchingBeans;
    	}
    	else {
    		return null;
    	}
    }
    

    稍微总结一下

    • 判断是否存在@value注解,如果存在,解析该注解并返回
    • 判断descriptor类型,将其他类型转成map或object(map的value)
    • findAutowireCandidates()返回一个map,key是beanName,value是对象(可能是bean,也可能是未加载的beanclass)

    具体流程图https://www.processon.com/view/link/5f8d3c895653bb06ef076688

    findAutowireCandidates()

    源码如下

    protected Map<String, Object> findAutowireCandidates(
    		@Nullable String beanName, Class<?> requiredType, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
    
    	String[] candidateNames = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(
    			this, requiredType, true, descriptor.isEager());
    	Map<String, Object> result = new LinkedHashMap<>(candidateNames.length);
    	for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> classObjectEntry : this.resolvableDependencies.entrySet()) {
    		Class<?> autowiringType = classObjectEntry.getKey();
    		if (autowiringType.isAssignableFrom(requiredType)) {
    			Object autowiringValue = classObjectEntry.getValue();
    			autowiringValue = AutowireUtils.resolveAutowiringValue(autowiringValue, requiredType);
    			if (requiredType.isInstance(autowiringValue)) {
    				result.put(ObjectUtils.identityToString(autowiringValue), autowiringValue);
    				break;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
    		if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, descriptor)) {
    			addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType);
    		}
    	}
    	if (result.isEmpty()) {
    		boolean multiple = indicatesMultipleBeans(requiredType);
    		// Consider fallback matches if the first pass failed to find anything...
    		DependencyDescriptor fallbackDescriptor = descriptor.forFallbackMatch();
    		for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
    			if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, fallbackDescriptor) &&
    					(!multiple || getAutowireCandidateResolver().hasQualifier(descriptor))) {
    				addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType);
    			}
    		}
    		if (result.isEmpty() && !multiple) {
    			// Consider self references as a final pass...
    			// but in the case of a dependency collection, not the very same bean itself.
    			for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
    				if (isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) &&
    						(!(descriptor instanceof MultiElementDescriptor) || !beanName.equals(candidate)) &&
    						isAutowireCandidate(candidate, fallbackDescriptor)) {
    					addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	return result;
    }
    

    根据类型找beanName的底层流程https://www.processon.com/view/link/6135bb430e3e7412ecd5d1f2

    对应执行流程图为https://www.processon.com/view/link/5f8fdfa8e401fd06fd984f20

    1. 找出BeanFactory中类型为type的所有的Bean的名字,注意是名字,而不是Bean对象,因为我们可以根据BeanDefinition就能判断和当前type是不是匹配,不用生成Bean对象
    2. 把resolvableDependencies中key为type的对象找出来并添加到result中
    3. 遍历根据type找出的beanName,判断当前beanName对应的Bean是不是能够被自动注入
    4. 先判断beanName对应的BeanDefinition中的autowireCandidate属性,如果为false,表示不能用来进行自动注入,如果为true则继续进行判断
    5. 判断当前type是不是泛型,如果是泛型是会把容器中所有的beanName找出来的,如果是这种情况,那么在这一步中就要获取到泛型的真正类型,然后进行匹配,如果当前beanName和当前泛型对应的真实类型匹配,那么则继续判断
    6. 如果当前DependencyDescriptor上存在@Qualifier注解,那么则要判断当前beanName上是否定义了Qualifier,并且是否和当前DependencyDescriptor上的Qualifier相等,相等则匹配
    7. 经过上述验证之后,当前beanName才能成为一个可注入的,添加到result中

    关于依赖注入中泛型注入的实现

    首先在Java反射中,有一个Type接口,表示类型,具体分类为:

    1. raw types:也就是普通Class
    2. parameterized types:对应ParameterizedType接口,泛型类型
    3. array types:对应GenericArrayType,泛型数组
    4. type variables:对应TypeVariable接口,表示类型变量,也就是所定义的泛型,比如T、K
    5. primitive types:基本类型,int、boolean

    大家可以好好看看下面代码所打印的结果:

    public class TypeTest<T> {
    
    	private int i;
    	private Integer it;
    	private int[] iarray;
    	private List list;
    	private List<String> slist;
    	private List<T> tlist;
    	private T t;
    	private T[] tarray;
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException {
    
    		test(TypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("i"));
    		System.out.println("=======");
    		test(TypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("it"));
    		System.out.println("=======");
    		test(TypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("iarray"));
    		System.out.println("=======");
    		test(TypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("list"));
    		System.out.println("=======");
    		test(TypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("slist"));
    		System.out.println("=======");
    		test(TypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("tlist"));
    		System.out.println("=======");
    		test(TypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("t"));
    		System.out.println("=======");
    		test(TypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("tarray"));
    
    	}
    
    	public static void test(Field field) {
    
    		if (field.getType().isPrimitive()) {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "是基本数据类型");
    		} else {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "不是基本数据类型");
    		}
    
    		if (field.getGenericType() instanceof ParameterizedType) {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "是泛型类型");
    		} else {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "不是泛型类型");
    		}
    
    		if (field.getType().isArray()) {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "是普通数组");
    		} else {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "不是普通数组");
    		}
    
    		if (field.getGenericType() instanceof GenericArrayType) {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "是泛型数组");
    		} else {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "不是泛型数组");
    		}
    
    		if (field.getGenericType() instanceof TypeVariable) {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "是泛型变量");
    		} else {
    			System.out.println(field.getName() + "不是泛型变量");
    		}
    
    	}
    
    }
    

    Spring中,但注入点是一个泛型时,也是会进行处理的,比如:

    @Component
    public class UserService extends BaseService<OrderService, StockService> {
    
    	public void test() {
    		System.out.println(o);
    	}
    
    }
    
    public class BaseService<O, S> {
    
    	@Autowired
    	protected O o;
    
    	@Autowired
    	protected S s;
    }
    
    1. Spring扫描时发现UserService是一个Bean
    2. 那就取出注入点,也就是BaseService中的两个属性o、s
    3. 接下来需要按注入点类型进行注入,但是o和s都是泛型,所以Spring需要确定o和s的具体类型。
    4. 因为当前正在创建的是UserService的Bean,所以可以通过userService.getClass().getGenericSuperclass().getTypeName()获取到具体的泛型信息,比如com.zhouyu.service.BaseService<com.zhouyu.service.OrderService, com.zhouyu.service.StockService>
    5. 然后再拿到UserService的父类BaseService的泛型变量:for (TypeVariable<? extends Class<?>> typeParameter : userService.getClass().getSuperclass().getTypeParameters()) { System._out_.println(typeParameter.getName()); }
    6. 通过上面两段代码,就能知道,o对应的具体就是OrderService,s对应的具体类型就是StockService
    7. 然后再调用oField.getGenericType()就知道当前field使用的是哪个泛型,就能知道具体类型了

    @Qualifier

    定义两个注解:

    @Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Qualifier("random")
    public @interface Random {
    }
    @Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Qualifier("roundRobin")
    public @interface RoundRobin {
    }
    

    定义一个接口和两个实现类,表示负载均衡:

    public interface LoadBalance {
    	String select();
    }
    
    @Component
    @Random
    public class RandomStrategy implements LoadBalance {
    
    	@Override
    	public String select() {
    		return null;
    	}
    }
    @Component
    @RoundRobin
    public class RoundRobinStrategy implements LoadBalance {
    
    	@Override
    	public String select() {
    		return null;
    	}
    }
    

    使用:

    @Component
    public class UserService  {
    
    	@Autowired
    	@RoundRobin
    	private LoadBalance loadBalance;
    
    	public void test() {
    		System.out.println(loadBalance);
    	}
    
    }
    

    @Resource

    @Resource注解是由 CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 来解析的,源码有空再看吧

    @Resource注解底层工作流程图:

    image

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lusaisai/p/15983027.html
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