PG数据库

创建用户/角色

ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN FileType='00' THEN 1
WHEN FileType='07' THEN 2
WHEN FileType='02' THEN 3
WHEN FileType='03' THEN 4
ELSE 5
END   

等价于

order by field("FileType",'00','07','02','03')

COALESCE函数等价于IFNull

CREATE USER/ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]  : 关键词 USER,ROLE； name 用户或角色名； 

where option can be:

      SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER      :超级权限，拥有所有权限，默认nosuperuser。
    | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB        :建库权限，默认nocreatedb。
    | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE    :建角色权限，拥有创建、修改、删除角色，默认nocreaterole。
    | INHERIT | NOINHERIT          :继承权限，可以把除superuser权限继承给其他用户/角色，默认inherit。
    | LOGIN | NOLOGIN              :登录权限，作为连接的用户，默认nologin，除非是create user（默认登录）。
    | REPLICATION | NOREPLICATION  :复制权限，用于物理或则逻辑复制（复制和删除slots），默认是noreplication。
    | BYPASSRLS | NOBYPASSRLS      :安全策略RLS权限，默认nobypassrls。
    | CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit   :限制用户并发数，默认-1，不限制。正常连接会受限制，后台连接和prepared事务不受限制。
    | [ ENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password' | PASSWORD NULL :设置密码，密码仅用于有login属性的用户，不使用密码身份验证，则可以省略此选项。可以选择将空密码显式写为PASSWORD NULL。
                                                         加密方法由配置参数password_encryption确定，密码始终以加密方式存储在系统目录中。
    | VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'      :密码有效期时间，不设置则用不失效。
    | IN ROLE role_name [, ...]    :新角色将立即添加为新成员。
    | IN GROUP role_name [, ...]   :同上
    | ROLE role_name [, ...]       :ROLE子句列出一个或多个现有角色，这些角色自动添加为新角色的成员。 （这实际上使新角色成为“组”）。
    | ADMIN role_name [, ...]      :与ROLE类似，但命名角色将添加到新角色WITH ADMIN OPTION，使他们有权将此角色的成员资格授予其他人。
    | USER role_name [, ...]       :同上
    | SYSID uid                    :被忽略，但是为向后兼容性而存在。

示例：

创建不需要密码登陆的用户test：

postgres=# CREATE ROLE test LOGIN;
CREATE ROLE

创建需要密码登陆的用户test1：

postgres=# CREATE USER test1 WITH PASSWORD 'test1';
CREATE ROLE

和ROLE的区别是：USER带LOGIN属性。

创建有时间限制的用户test2：

postgres=# CREATE ROLE test2 WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'test2' VALID UNTIL '2020-06-30';
CREATE ROLE

创建有创建数据库和管理角色权限的用户admin：

postgres=# CREATE ROLE admin WITH CREATEDB CREATEROLE;
CREATE ROLE

注意：拥有创建数据库，角色的用户，也可以删除和修改这些对象。

创建具有超级权限的用户：admin

 postgres=# CREATE ROLE admin WITH SUPERUSER LOGIN PASSWORD 'admin';
CREATE ROLE

创建复制账号：repl

postgres=# CREATE USER repl REPLICATION LOGIN ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'repl';
CREATE ROLE

其他说明

 创建复制用户
CREATE USER abc REPLICATION LOGIN ENCRYPTED PASSWORD '';
CREATE USER abc REPLICATION LOGIN ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'abc';
ALTER USER work WITH ENCRYPTED password '';

创建scheme 角色
CREATE ROLE abc;
CREATE DATABASE abc WITH OWNER abc ENCODING UTF8 TEMPLATE template0;
c abc

创建schema
CREATE SCHEMA abc;
ALTER SCHEMA abc OWNER to abc;
revoke create on schema public from public;

创建用户
create user abc with ENCRYPTED password '';
GRANT abc to abc;
ALTER ROLE abc WITH abc;

##创建读写账号
CREATE ROLE abc_rw;
CREATE ROLE abc_rr;

##赋予访问数据库权限，schema权限
grant connect ON DATABASE abc to abc_rw;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA abc TO abc_rw;

##赋予读写权限
grant select,insert,update,delete ON  ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA abc to abc;

赋予序列权限
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA abc to abc;

赋予默认权限
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA abc GRANT select,insert,update,delete ON TABLES TO abc;

赋予序列权限
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA abc GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON SEQUENCES TO abc;


#用户对db要有连接权限
grant connect ON DATABASE abc to abc;

#用户要对schema usage 权限，不然要select * from schema_name.table ,不能用搜索路径
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA abc TO abc;
grant select ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA abc to abc;
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA abc GRANT select ON TABLES TO abc;

create user abc_w with ENCRYPTED password '';
create user abc_r with ENCRYPTED password '';

GRANT abc_rw to abc_w；

GRANT abc_rr to abc_r;

授权，定义访问权限

GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON { [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
         | ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

##单表授权：授权test账号可以访问schema为test的t1表
grant select,insert,update,delete on test.t1 to test;
##所有表授权：
grant select,insert,update,delete on all tables in schema test to test;


GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column_name [, ...] )
    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column_name [, ...] ) }
    ON [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

##列授权，授权指定列(test schema下的t1表的name列)的更新权限给test用户
grant update (name) on test.t1 to test;
##指定列授不同权限，test schema下的t1表，查看更新name、id字段，插入name字段
grant select (name,id),update (name,id),insert(name) on test.t1 to test;


GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON { SEQUENCE sequence_name [, ...]
         | ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

##序列（自增键）属性授权，指定test schema下的seq_id_seq 给test用户
grant select,update on sequence test.seq_id_seq to test;
##序列（自增键）属性授权，给用户test授权test schema下的所有序列
grant select,update on all sequences in schema test to test;


GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON DATABASE database_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

##连接数据库权限，授权test用户连接数据库testdb
grant connect on database test to testdb;


GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON DOMAIN domain_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

##
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdw_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
##

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON FOREIGN SERVER server_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
##
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON { { FUNCTION | PROCEDURE | ROUTINE } routine_name [ ( [ [ argmode ] [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] ) ] [, ...]
         | ALL { FUNCTIONS | PROCEDURES | ROUTINES } IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
##


GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON LANGUAGE lang_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
##

GRANT { { SELECT | UPDATE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON LARGE OBJECT loid [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]##

GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON SCHEMA schema_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

##连接schema权限，授权demo访问test schema权限
grant usage on schema test to demo;

GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON TABLESPACE tablespace_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON TYPE type_name [, ...]
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

where role_specification can be:

    [ GROUP ] role_name
  | PUBLIC
  | CURRENT_USER
  | SESSION_USER

GRANT role_name [, ...] TO role_name [, ...] [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ]
##把test用户的权限授予用户demo。
grant test to demo;

权限说明：

SELECT：允许从指定表，视图或序列的任何列或列出的特定列进行SELECT。也允许使用COPY TO。在UPDATE或DELETE中引用现有列值也需要此权限。对于序列，此权限还允许使用currval函数。对于大对象，此权限允许读取对象。

INSERT：允许将新行INSERT到指定的表中。如果列出了特定列，则只能在INSERT命令中为这些列分配（因此其他列将接收默认值）。也允许COPY FROM。

UPDATE：允许更新指定表的任何列或列出的特定列，需要SELECT权限。

DELETE：允许删除指定表中的行，需要SELECT权限。

TRUNCATE：允许在指定的表上创建触发器。

REFERENCES：允许创建引用指定表或表的指定列的外键约束。

TRIGGER：允许在指定的表上创建触发器。

CREATE：对于数据库，允许在数据库中创建新的schema、table、index。

CONNECT：允许用户连接到指定的数据库。在连接启动时检查此权限。

TEMPORARY、TEMP：允许在使用指定数据库时创建临时表。

EXECUTE：允许使用指定的函数或过程以及在函数。

USAGE：对于schema，允许访问指定模式中包含的对象；对于sequence，允许使用currval和nextval函数。对于类型和域，允许在创建表，函数和其他模式对象时使用类型或域。

ALL PRIVILEGES：一次授予所有可用权限。

用户授权官方英文文档地址 https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/sql-grant.html
用户授权官方中文文档地址 http://www.postgres.cn/docs/11/sql-grant.html

撤销权限

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
   [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON { [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
        | ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

##移除用户test在schema test上所有表的select权限
revoke select on all tables in schema test from test;


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column_name [, ...] )
   [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column_name [, ...] ) }
   ON [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

##移除用户test在test schema的t1表的id列的查询权限
revoke select (id) on test.t1 from test;


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
   [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON { SEQUENCE sequence_name [, ...]
        | ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
##序列


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON DATABASE database_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
##库


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON DOMAIN domain_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT]
##


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdw_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT]
##

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON FOREIGN SERVER server_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT]
##


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON { { FUNCTION | PROCEDURE | ROUTINE } function_name [ ( [ [ argmode ] [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] ) ] [, ...]
        | ALL { FUNCTIONS | PROCEDURES | ROUTINES } IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
##
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON LANGUAGE lang_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
##


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { { SELECT | UPDATE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON LARGE OBJECT loid [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
##


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { { CREATE | USAGE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON SCHEMA schema_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
##schema权限


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON TABLESPACE tablespace_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
##


REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
   { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
   ON TYPE type_name [, ...]
   FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
##
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
   role_name [, ...] FROM role_name [, ...]
   [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

注意：任何用户对public的schema都有all的权限，为了安全可以禁止用户对public schema 的create权限。

 ##移除所有用户（public），superuser除外，对指定DB下的public schema的create 权限。
testdb=# revoke  create  on schema public from public;