• nodeJS模块寻址规则


    引子

    阮一峰一则教程中, 将应用放置在  npm 模块安装目录同等级的目录(https://github.com/ruanyf/webpack-demos)下。

    但是应用目录文件中, 引用标准库的使用方法没有变化

    https://github.com/ruanyf/webpack-demos/blob/master/demo15/index.js

    如下代码

    import React from 'react';
    import { render } from 'react-dom';
    import { BrowserRouter, Switch, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';

    NodeJS的寻址规则是怎么样的呢?

    尽管这个是前端的代码, 但是我们知道实际上引用模块,并打包的动作, 是交给 webpack来的做得,

    模块的寻址规则, 则是按照NodeJS的文件寻址规则, 没有改变,而是打包后, 变成前端可执行的集成代码。

    寻址规则

    https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#modules_accessing_the_main_module

    require(X) from module at path Y
    1. If X is a core module,
       a. return the core module
       b. STOP
    2. If X begins with '/'
       a. set Y to be the filesystem root
    3. If X begins with './' or '/' or '../'
       a. LOAD_AS_FILE(Y + X)
       b. LOAD_AS_DIRECTORY(Y + X)
    4. LOAD_NODE_MODULES(X, dirname(Y))
    5. THROW "not found"
    
    LOAD_AS_FILE(X)
    1. If X is a file, load X as JavaScript text.  STOP
    2. If X.js is a file, load X.js as JavaScript text.  STOP
    3. If X.json is a file, parse X.json to a JavaScript Object.  STOP
    4. If X.node is a file, load X.node as binary addon.  STOP
    
    LOAD_INDEX(X)
    1. If X/index.js is a file, load X/index.js as JavaScript text.  STOP
    2. If X/index.json is a file, parse X/index.json to a JavaScript object. STOP
    3. If X/index.node is a file, load X/index.node as binary addon.  STOP
    
    LOAD_AS_DIRECTORY(X)
    1. If X/package.json is a file,
       a. Parse X/package.json, and look for "main" field.
       b. let M = X + (json main field)
       c. LOAD_AS_FILE(M)
       d. LOAD_INDEX(M)
    2. LOAD_INDEX(X)
    
    LOAD_NODE_MODULES(X, START)
    1. let DIRS = NODE_MODULES_PATHS(START)
    2. for each DIR in DIRS:
       a. LOAD_AS_FILE(DIR/X)
       b. LOAD_AS_DIRECTORY(DIR/X)
    
    NODE_MODULES_PATHS(START)
    1. let PARTS = path split(START)
    2. let I = count of PARTS - 1
    3. let DIRS = [GLOBAL_FOLDERS]
    4. while I >= 0,
       a. if PARTS[I] = "node_modules" CONTINUE
       b. DIR = path join(PARTS[0 .. I] + "node_modules")
       c. DIRS = DIRS + DIR
       d. let I = I - 1
    5. return DIRS

     下面两个寻址方式很明确

    1、 core library , nodejs实现的标准库,

    2、 绝对和相对路径,

    对于第三方库(通过npm安装的) node_modules文件夹下管理的库,

    则拥有一套精心设计的寻址规则:

    1、 按照当前路径下, 寻找 node_modules/xxx

    2、 递归上升上级路径下, 寻找node_modules/xxx

    。。。。

    3、 在全局环境路径下找 .node_modules/xxx

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lightsong/p/10540419.html
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