Given a collection of numbers that might contain duplicates, return all possible unique permutations.
For example,
[1,1,2]have the following unique permutations:
[1,1,2],[1,2,1], and[2,1,1].
https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/permutations-ii/
思 路:有重复元素的数组生成permutation,要去除掉重复的情况:先排序,然后还是permutation的思路,依次往cur位置填元素,因为有 些元素有多次,所以需要用c1,c2来统计已经填好的数量和总共需要填的数量,并且因为排序了,相同元素的去重只需要跟前一个元素比较一下是否相等 (if (i == 0 || num[i] != num[i - 1]))。
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; public class Solution { public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> permuteUnique(int[] num) { if (num == null) return null; ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>(); if (num.length == 0) return res; Arrays.sort(num); int[] permSeq = new int[num.length]; perm(num.length, 0, num, permSeq, res); return res; } private void perm(int n, int cur, int[] num, int[] perm, ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res) { if (cur == n) { ArrayList<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for (int i = 0; i < perm.length; i++) { tmp.add(perm[i]); } res.add(tmp); } else { int i; for (i = 0; i < num.length; i++) // this "if" is the key part if (i == 0 || num[i] != num[i - 1]) { int j; int c1 = 0, c2 = 0; for (j = 0; j < num.length; j++) { if (num[i] == num[j]) c1++; } for (j = cur - 1; j >= 0; j--) { if (perm[j] == num[i]) c2++; } if (c2 < c1) { perm[cur] = num[i]; perm(n, cur + 1, num, perm, res); } } } } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(new Solution().permuteUnique(new int[] { -1, 2, -1, 2, 1, -1, 2, 1 })); } }
第二遍记录:
思路不变,改成java的语法来写,不用cur变量,通过tmp.size()判断。
java
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class Solution { public List<List<Integer>> permuteUnique(int[] num) { List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>(); if (num == null || num.length == 0) return res; List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<Integer>(); Arrays.sort(num); permuteHelper(res, tmp, num); return res; } private void permuteHelper(List<List<Integer>> res, List<Integer> tmp, int[] num) { if (tmp.size() == num.length) { res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(tmp)); return; } else { for (int i = 0; i < num.length; i++) { if (i == 0 || num[i] != num[i - 1]) { int all = 0; int cur = 0; for (int j = 0; j < tmp.size(); j++) { if (tmp.get(j) == num[i]) cur++; } for (int j = 0; j < num.length; j++) { if (num[j] == num[i]) all++; } if (cur < all) { tmp.add(num[i]); permuteHelper(res, tmp, num); tmp.remove(tmp.size() - 1); } } } } } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(new Solution().permuteUnique(new int[] { 1, 1, 1, 2 })); } }
C版本参考前一题 permutation。
第三遍记录:
注意all 和 cur的作用
注意去重