doctest
using
python ./export.py -v
verbose args show the test detail good for u
Python doctest - 朝着梦想 渐行前进 - 博客频道 - CSDN.NET
>>> def median(pool):
'''Statistical median to demonstrate doctest.
>>> median([2, 9, 9, 7, 9, 2, 4, 5, 8])
7
''' #代码的文档,功能说明。如果运行以上参数,期望结果是7
copy = sorted(pool)
size = len(copy)
if size % 2 == 1:
return copy[(size-1)/2]
else :
return (copy[size/2-1] + copy[size/2])/2
>>> if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest
doctest.testmod()
运行结果:
TestResults(failed=0, attempted=1)
如果我把上面的7改为8,运行结果如下:
**********************************************************************
File "__main__", line 3, in __main__.median
Failed example:
median([2, 9, 9, 7, 9, 2, 4, 5, 8])
Expected:
8
Got:
7
**********************************************************************
1 items had failures:
1 of 1 in __main__.median
***Test Failed*** 1 failures.
*** DocTestRunner.merge: '__main__.median' in both testers; summing outcomes.
*** DocTestRunner.merge: '__main__' in both testers; summing outcomes.
TestResults(failed=1, attempted=1)
doctest模块在程序说明中寻找看起来像python交互程序的字符串,然后把这些字符串作为python代码运行,验证他们运行后是否得到想要的结果。这里有3种需求会用到doctest。
1. 验证模块(例如,方法)中的文档或说明书是否得及时更新。
2. 执行回归测试(regression test)。
3. 写培训文档,或说明文档,有点程序可读性测试的味道。
总之,doctest按文档中的指令执行,其实就是按照预先给定的参数执行该模块,然后对比实际输出结果是否与说明中的结果一致。其结果就反映了以上3个方面,1,有可能程序正确,文档说明没有及时更新;2,修改后的程序有bug;3,由于程序的执行结果与文档说明中的不一致,很可能导致读者困惑,程序可读性受影响。
下面举一个小例子,麻雀虽小五脏俱全。
def factorial (n):
'''Return the factorial of n, an exact integer >= 0.
If the result is small enough to fit in an int, return an int.
Else return a long.
>>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)] #看看python的语法就是这么简洁
[1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
>>> [factorial(long(n)) for n in range(6)]
[1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
>>> factorial(30)
265252859812191058636308480000000L
>>> factorial(30L)
265252859812191058636308480000000L
>>> factorial(-1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: n must be >= 0
Factorials of floats are OK, but the float must be an exact integer:
>>> factorial(30.1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: n must be exact integer
>>> factorial(1e100)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: n too large
''' #三引号引起来的字都是说明
import math
if not n>=0:
raise ValueError("n must be >= 0")
if math.floor(n) != n:
raise ValueError("n must be exact integer")
if n+1 == n: # cache a value like le300
raise OverflowError("n too large")
result = 1
factor = 2
while factor <= n:
result *= factor
factor += 1
return result
if __name__ == "__main__":
import doctest
doctest.testmod()
以上代码需要保存到C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\win32\test\example.py。然后再命令行里直接运行它:
>python example.py
>
没有输出,那就对了,意味着所有的例子多是正确的。如果命令行后加参数-v,doctest将会把详细的记录打印出来,做一个总结。