还原Lua调用栈

Lua数据类型

类型	大类型	类型细分	_tt（类型）
nil	#define LUA_TNIL 0	空	0
布尔	#define LUA_TBOOLEAN 1	int	1
number	#define LUA_TNUMBER 3	double	3
number	#define LUA_TNUMBER 3	int	19（0x13）
字符串	#define LUA_TSTRING 4	短字符串	68（0x44）
字符串	#define LUA_TSTRING 4	长字符串	84（0x54）
function	#define LUA_TFUNCTION 6	lua_CFunction /* typedef int (lua_CFunction) (lua_State L); */	22（0x16）
		CClosure	102（0x66）
		LClosure	70（0x46）
表	#define LUA_TTABLE 5	Table	69（0x45）
user data	#define LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA 2	void* /* 轻量级用户数据（light userdata）*/	2
user data	#define LUA_TUSERDATA 7	Udata /* 完全用户数据（full userdata）*/	71（0x47）
Lua栈	#define LUA_TTHREAD 8	Lua_State	72（0x48）

CallInfo结构

Lua_State结构

C++中还原lua调用栈

Lua代码：

1 -- 
2 -- This is a test lua
3 --
4 function TestFunc(a)
5     return square(a);
6 end
7 
8 TestFunc(5);

C++代码：

当前c++调用栈：

lua调用栈解析：

#	表达式	结果	类型
Frame 1	L->ci->func->tt_	22 // lua_CFunction类型	int
	L->ci->func->value_.gc	0x00007ff6cd3f0050 {LuaTest.exe!Square(lua_State *)}	GCObject *
	((CClosure*)L->ci->func->value_.gc)->f	0xccccccccb8000000	int()(lua_State )
	(L->ci->func+1)->tt_	19 // int 为传入的第一个参数	int
	(int*)(&(L->ci->func+1)->value_)	0x0000024417590650 {5}	int *
Frame 2	L->ci->previous->func->tt_	70 // LClosure	int
	(char)((LClosure)L->ci->previous->func->value_.gc)->p->source + sizeof(TString)	0x0000024417589628 "@I:\pubcode\LuaTest\LuaCode\Test4.lua"	char *
	L->ci->previous->u.l.savedpc - ((LClosure*) L->ci->previous->func->value_.gc)->p->code	3	__int64
	((LClosure*) L->ci->previous->func->value_.gc)->p->lineinfo [ 3 -1]	5	int
Frame 3	L->ci->previous->previous->func->tt_	70 // LClosure	int
	(char)((LClosure)L->ci->previous->previous->func->value_.gc)->p->source + sizeof(TString)	0x0000024417589628 "@I:\pubcode\LuaTest\LuaCode\Test4.lua"	char *
	L->ci->previous->previous->u.l.savedpc - ((LClosure*) L->ci->previous->previous->func->value_.gc)->p->code	5	__int64
	((LClosure*) L->ci->previous->func->value_.gc)->p->lineinfo [ 5 -1]	8	int
Frame 4	L->ci->previous->previous->previous->func->tt_	0 // nil	int

使用c++函数来还原，实现如下：

#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

extern "C"
{
#include "lua.h"
#include "lua.hpp"
#include "lualib.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
#include "luaconf.h"
#include "lobject.h"
#include "lstate.h"
}

const TValue luaO_nilobject_ = { NILCONSTANT };

/* corresponding test */
#define isvalid(o)    ((o) != luaO_nilobject)
/* value at a non-valid index */
#define NONVALIDVALUE        cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject)
/* test for pseudo index */
#define ispseudo(i)        ((i) <= LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)

static TValue* index2addr(lua_State* L, int idx) {
    CallInfo* ci = L->ci;
    if (idx > 0) {
        TValue* o = ci->func + idx;
        api_check(L, idx <= ci->top - (ci->func + 1), "unacceptable index");
        if (o >= L->top) return NONVALIDVALUE;
        else return o;
    }
    else if (!ispseudo(idx)) {  /* negative index */
        api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top - (ci->func + 1), "invalid index");
        return L->top + idx;
    }
    else if (idx == LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
        return &G(L)->l_registry;
    else {  /* upvalues */
        idx = LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - idx;
        api_check(L, idx <= MAXUPVAL + 1, "upvalue index too large");
        if (ttislcf(ci->func))  /* light C function? */
            return NONVALIDVALUE;  /* it has no upvalues */
        else {
            CClosure* func = clCvalue(ci->func);
            return (idx <= func->nupvalues) ? &func->upvalue[idx - 1] : NONVALIDVALUE;
        }
    }
}

void GetLuaTValue(lua_State* L, StkId o, int t, int ad, int count, char* szOutput)
{
    int i = count + ad + 1;
    switch (t) {
    case LUA_TSTRING:
        sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: '%s'", i, ad, lua_tostring(L, i));
        break;
    case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
        sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: %s", i, ad, lua_toboolean(L, i) ? "true" : "false");
        break;
    case LUA_TNUMBER:
        if (ttisinteger(o))
            sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: int %d", i, ad, (int)lua_tointeger(L, i));
        else
            sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: double %lf", i, ad, lua_tonumber(L, i));
        break;
    case LUA_TFUNCTION:
        if (ttislcf(o)) {
            sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: c 0x%p", i, ad, fvalue(o)); // lua_CFunction
        }
        else if (ttisCclosure(o))
        {
            sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: c closure 0x%p FucAdr:0x%p", i, ad, clCvalue(o), clCvalue(o)->f); // CClosure
        }
        else if (ttisLclosure(o))
        {
            Proto* pinfo = clLvalue(o)->p;
            sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: lua closure 0x%p %s[%d,%d]", i, ad, clLvalue(o), getstr(pinfo->source), pinfo->linedefined, pinfo->lastlinedefined);
        }
        break;
    case LUA_TTABLE:
        sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: table:0x%p", i, ad, hvalue(o));
        break;
    case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
        sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: light userdata:0x%p", i, ad, pvalue(o));
        break;
    case LUA_TUSERDATA:
        sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: full userdata:0x%p", i, ad, uvalue(o));
        break;
    case LUA_TTHREAD:
        sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: thread:0x%p", i, ad, thvalue(o));
        break;
    default: sprintf_s(szOutput, 255, "%d[%d]: %s", i, ad, lua_typename(L, t)); break;
    }
}

const char* VSDumpLuaStateTValue(lua_State* L, int n)
{
    static char s_szBuffer[256] = { 0 };
    memset(s_szBuffer, 0, 256);

    int ad = -1;
    int count = lua_gettop(L);
    int i = count;
    while (i) {
        if ((n < 0 ? ad : i) == n)
        {
            StkId o = index2addr(L, i);
            int t = (isvalid(o) ? ttnov(o) : LUA_TNONE);
            GetLuaTValue(L, o, t, ad, count, s_szBuffer);

            return s_szBuffer;
        }

        i--; ad--;
    }

    return "Lua Frame not found!";
}

std::vector<std::string> VSDumpLuaState(lua_State* L)
{
    std::vector<std::string> Msg;

    char szBuffer[256] = { 0 };
    memset(szBuffer, 0, 256);

    int ad = -1;
    int count = lua_gettop(L);
    int i = count;

    sprintf_s(szBuffer, 255, "----------------  Lua State Dump ----------------");
    Msg.push_back(szBuffer);
    while (i) {
        StkId o = index2addr(L, i);
        int t = (isvalid(o) ? ttnov(o) : LUA_TNONE);
        GetLuaTValue(L, o, t, ad, count, szBuffer);

        Msg.push_back(szBuffer);
        i--; ad--;
    }
    sprintf_s(szBuffer, 255, "---------------------------------------------");
    Msg.push_back(szBuffer);

    return Msg;
}

std::vector<std::string> VSDumpLuaCallStack(lua_State* L)
{
    std::vector<std::string> Msg;

    char szBuffer[256] = { 0 };
    memset(szBuffer, 0, 256);

    sprintf_s(szBuffer, 255, "----------------  Lua Call Stack Dump ----------------");
    Msg.push_back(szBuffer);

    CallInfo* curCi = L->ci;
    while (curCi != NULL)
    {
        StkId func = curCi->func;

        if (ttislcf(func)) {
            sprintf_s(szBuffer, 255, "++ CallStack: c 0x%p", fvalue(func)); // lua_CFunction
        }
        else if (ttisCclosure(func))
        {
            sprintf_s(szBuffer, 255, "++ CallStack: c closure 0x%p FucAdr:0x%p", clCvalue(func), clCvalue(func)->f); // CClosure
        }
        else if (ttisLclosure(func))
        {
            Proto* pinfo = clLvalue(func)->p;
            int linenum = pinfo->lineinfo[curCi->u.l.savedpc - pinfo->code];
            sprintf_s(szBuffer, 255, "++ CallStack: lua closure 0x%p %s:%d", clLvalue(func), getstr(pinfo->source), linenum);
        }
        else
        {
            int funct = (isvalid(func) ? ttnov(func) : LUA_TNONE);
            sprintf_s(szBuffer, 255, "++ CallStack: %s", lua_typename(L, funct));
        }
        Msg.push_back(szBuffer);

        StkId locals = ((L->top < curCi->top) ? L->top : curCi->top) - 1;
        int ad = -1;
        int count = (int)(locals - func);
        while (locals > func)
        {
            StkId o = locals;
            int t = (isvalid(o) ? ttnov(o) : LUA_TNONE);
            GetLuaTValue(L, o, t, ad, count, szBuffer);
            Msg.push_back(szBuffer);
            --locals;
            --ad;
        }

        if (curCi == &(L->base_ci))
        {
            break;
        }

        curCi = curCi->previous;
    }


    sprintf_s(szBuffer, 255, "---------------------------------------------");
    Msg.push_back(szBuffer);

    return Msg;
}

在C++代码中（在业务逻辑或lua虚拟机里面）调用LuaCall（为以下4个函数），会导致luaD_call函数的调用，其参数StkId func为当前要执行的function（可能为LClosure、lua_CFunction或CClosure）注：StkId即TValue*类型

例如：上面c++栈上的第4行luaD_call即为I:\pubcode\LuaTest\LuaCode\Test4.lua的LClosure（Lua闭包）

/*****************   lua.h  *****************/
LUA_API void  (lua_callk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults,
                           lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
#define lua_call(L,n,r)        lua_callk(L, (n), (r), 0, NULL)

LUA_API int   (lua_pcallk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
                            lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
#define lua_pcall(L,n,r,f)    lua_pcallk(L, (n), (r), (f), 0, NULL)

调用关系如下：

lua_pcall() / lua_pcallk() / lua_call() / lua_callk
  |- ... ... 
  |-luaD_call(lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults)
  |-if (!luaD_precall(L, func, nResults))  /* 返回0表示为LClosure */ 注：① 通过next_ci宏创建新的CallInfo栈帧  ② lua_CFunction或CClosure在该函数中直接执行  ③ LClosure会在该函数中参数不够时进行nil补全，为送入VM执行LClosure做好准备
     |-- luaV_execute(L);  /* 虚拟机执行LClosure */
         |-... ...
         |-newframe: /* jump tag */
         |-... ...
         |-for (;;)
           |-... ...
           |-vmcase(OP_CALL)  /* call指令 */
                |-if (luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults))
                  |---... ...
                |-else
                  |---... ...
                  |---goto newframe; 
           |-vmcase(OP_TAILCALL)  /* tailcall指令 */
                |-if (luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults))
                  |---... ...
                |-else
                  |---... ...
                  |---goto newframe;
           |-... ...

Lua中还原lua调用栈

lua中的使用debug.traceback函数打印当前的lua调用栈

Lua代码：

 1 -- 
 2 -- This is a test lua
 3 --
 4 function TestFunc(a)
 5     SubFunc(a);
 6 end
 7 
 8 function SubFunc(a)
 9     local b = a + 100
10     print(debug.traceback());
11 end
12 
13 TestFunc(5);

输出结果如下：

stack traceback:
	I:pubcodeLuaTestLuaCode/test4.lua:10: in function 'SubFunc'
	I:pubcodeLuaTestLuaCode/test4.lua:5: in function 'TestFunc'
	I:pubcodeLuaTestLuaCode/test4.lua:13: in main chunk
	[C]: in ?

它在c++中的绑定函数为db_traceback，db_traceback最后调用luaL_traceback函数来实现lua栈的打印

LUALIB_API void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
                                const char *msg, int level) {
  lua_Debug ar;
  int top = lua_gettop(L);
  int last = lastlevel(L1);
  int n1 = (last - level > LEVELS1 + LEVELS2) ? LEVELS1 : -1;
  if (msg)
    lua_pushfstring(L, "%s
", msg);
  luaL_checkstack(L, 10, NULL);
  lua_pushliteral(L, "stack traceback:");
  while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {
    if (n1-- == 0) {  /* too many levels? */
      lua_pushliteral(L, "
	...");  /* add a '...' */
      level = last - LEVELS2 + 1;  /* and skip to last ones */
    }
    else {
      lua_getinfo(L1, "Slnt", &ar);
      lua_pushfstring(L, "
	%s:", ar.short_src);
      if (ar.currentline > 0)
        lua_pushfstring(L, "%d:", ar.currentline);
      lua_pushliteral(L, " in ");
      pushfuncname(L, &ar);
      if (ar.istailcall)
        lua_pushliteral(L, "
	(...tail calls...)");
      lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);
    }
  }
  lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);
}

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/kekec/p/14232897.html