非谓语动词 + 情态动词学习笔记

非谓语动词

非谓语动词作补语

• 实意动词的通常情况: 后加to do. 比如说: want sb to do sth; promise sb to do sth; etc.
• 实意动词特殊情况
  • congratulate sb on sth / for doing sth;
  • suggest sb (should) do sth(虚拟语态); insist that sb (should) do(同是虚拟语态);
  • inform sb of sth / doing sth;
  • prevent sb from doing sth / sth from being done.
  • appreciate sb doing sth
• 感官动词: see sb do(全过程) / doing(正在做) / done(被动); see sth done.
• 使役动词: 后加sb do / doing. 具体来说就是: make / let / have sb do / doing sth; 注意固定搭配: get sb to do / doing sth
• 其它特殊情况: leave sb doing / sth done / sb to do / sth to be done; keep / find sb doing / sth done.

非谓语动词作宾语

• 多数情况: 后接doing.
• 部分情况: 后接to do. 具体来说, 需要记忆的有:
  • afford to do; happen to do; threaten to do;
  • 设法manage to do + 假装pretend to do;
  • 3 ( imes) 决定: choose, decide, determine;
  • 4 ( imes) 要求: ask, demand, request, require;
  • 4 ( imes) 期望: expect, hope, want, intend.
• 既可后接to do, 又可后接doing的动词:
  • forget to do / doing: 一个是忘记去做, 一个是忘记做了. 类似的还有remember to do / doing; regret to do / regret doing.
  • go on to do / go on doing: 前者是停下手中的事, 去做这件事; 后者是继续当前的一件事. 类似的还有stop to do / doing.
  • try to do / doing: 前者是努力去做, 后者是打算去做.
  • mean to do / doing: 前者是打算去做, 后者的意思是"意味着".
• 主动表被动: need repairing = need to be repaired. 同类动词还有require和want.

总结: 实际判断时, 先考虑是否存在主动表被动, 再考虑to do和doing是否均可, 最后才想选to do还是doing.

非谓语动词作主语和表语

to do和doing在大多数情况下可以互换.
注意: worth是一种比较特殊的情况: The book is well worth reading = The book is worthy to be read.
no / of little use / good + doing是固定搭配.

非谓语动词作状语

普通结构

要求: 非谓语动词的主语与主句的主语一致.

形式	主被动	时间
doing	主动	同时发生或不作强调
having done	主动	先发生
being done	被动	同时发生
having been done	被动	先发生
done	被动	先发生或不作强调

我们注意到非谓语动词作状语时无将来时态.

独立主格结构

特征:

• 独立于主句存在;
• 有独立主语
• 与主句间有逗号隔开.

用法:

• 名词 / 代词 + done / doing;
• with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语;
• with + 名词 / 代词 + to do / doing / done.

一些例子:

• Fireworks show finished, I had a big meal together with my friends.
• Wheather permitting, there would be a parade in the city.
• With a lot of work to do, I would not attend the parade.

非谓语动词作前置定语

类似于以下这些:

• developing / developed country;
• exciting / excited voice;
• confusing / confused expression
• falling / fallen leaves
• sleeping bag; washing machine; moving car; running man; etc.

非谓语动词作后置定语

形式	主被动	时间
done	被动	先发生或不作强调
doing	主动	同时发生或不作强调
being done	被动	同时发生
to do	主动	将来发生
to be done	被动	将来发生

注意到非谓语动词作定语时无主动 + 先发生的表达.

情态动词

留个大坑(好像也不是那么大), 有兴趣再填吧.