初级
#models.py
from django.db import models
class User(models.Model):
user = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
user_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='UserDetail', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, db_constraint=False)
def account_msg(self):
return self.user + ":" + self.password
class UserDetail(models.Model):
phone_num = models.CharField(max_length=11)
info = models.TextField()
# 自定义序列化类：为具体的类提供序列化
# objectjson.py
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserJson(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField()
name = serializers.CharField(source='user')
password = serializers.CharField()
account = serializers.CharField(source='account_msg')
# user_detail = serializers.CharField()
# user_phone_num = serializers.CharField(source='user_detail.phone_num')
detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_detail(self, object):
return {'phone': object.user_detail.phone_num, 'info': object.user_detail.info}#自定义返回的数据格式
#views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from app import objectjson, models
class Users(APIView):
def get(self, request):
user_list = models.User.objects.all()
user_data = objectjson.UserJson(user_list, many=True).data
return Response({
'status': 0,
'message': 'ok',
'results': user_data
})
#urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^users/', views.Users.as_view()),
]
高级
#models.py
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
author = models.ManyToManyField('Author', db_constraint=False)
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, db_constraint=False)
class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
age = models.IntegerField()
telephone = models.BigIntegerField()
# 自定义序列化类：为具体的类提供序列化
# objectjson.py
class AuthorDetailJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.AuthorDetail
# fields ='__all__' #对外提供所有字段
exclude = ['id'] # 和fields两者取一，代表除id字段不提供
class AuthorJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Author
fields = ['id', 'name', 'detail'] # 自定义的detail字段也要声明也要提供哪些字段
# fields = '__all__'
detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# exclude = ['author_detail']
def get_detail(self, object):
detail_data = AuthorDetailJson(object.author_detail).data
return detail_data
class BookJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
exclude = ['author']
# fields = '__all__'
# depth = 2
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self, object):
author_list = object.author.all()
author_data = AuthorJson(author_list, many=True).data
return author_data
#views.py
class Books(APIView):
def get(self, request):
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book_list, many=True).data
return Response({
'status': 0,
'message': 'ok',
'results': book_data
})
#urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()),
]
校验
# objectjson.py
class BookJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__'
#单个字段校验
name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, max_length=5, error_messages=
{
'min_length': '太短了', 'max_length': '太长了'
})
# 局部钩子
def validate_name(self, value):
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
book_object = models.Book.objects.filter(name=value)
if book_object:
raise ValidationError('书名已经存在')
if 'sb' in value:
raise ValidationError('不能出现敏感词汇')
return value
# views.py
class Books(APIView):
def post(self, request):
book = request.data
book_json = objectjson.BookJson(data=book) # 必须明确data
if book_json.is_valid():
book_json.save()
return Response({
'status': 0,
'message': 'ok',
'results': book_json.data
})
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': book_json.errors
})
全局钩子
# 全局钩子校验
def validate(self, attrs):
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
pwd = attrs.get('pwd')
re_pwd = attrs.get('re_pwd')
if pwd == re_pwd:
return attrs
else:
raise ValidationError('密码校验失败')
了解数据删改查
# views.py
class Book(APIView):
def get(self, request, id):
book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
book_data = objson.BookJson(book).data
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': book_data
})
def put(self, request, id):
book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
book_json = objson.BookJson(data=request.data, instance=book) # 通过instance标识修改的对象
if book_json.is_valid():
book_json.save() # 同样用save更新到数据库
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': book_json.data
})
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': book_json.errors,
})
def delete(self,request,id):
models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete() # 删除操作直接用ORM操作数据库
return Response({
'status': 2,
'msg': 'delete success',
})
基于ORM操作增删改
class Books(APIView):
#获取所有书籍
def get(self, request):
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book_list, many=True).data
return Response({
'status': 0,
'message': 'ok',
'results': book_data
})
#增加书籍
def post(self, request):
name = request.data.get('name')
price = request.data.get('price')
author = request.data.get('author')
book_object = models.Book.objects.create(name=name, price=price)
book_object.author.add(*author)
book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book_object).data
return Response({
'status': 0,
'message': 'ok',
'results': book_data
})
class Book(APIView):
#获取一本书籍
def get(self, request, id):
book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book).data
return Response({
'status': 0,
'message': 'ok',
'results': book_data
})
#修改书籍
def put(self, request, id):
book_object = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() # type:models.Book
name = request.data.get('name')
price = request.data.get('price')
author = request.data.get('author')
book_object.name = name
book_object.price = price
book_object.author = author
book_object.save()
book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book_object).data
return Response({
'status': 0,
'message': 'ok',
'results': book_data
})
#删除书籍
def delete(self, request, id):
models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return Response({
'status': 0,
'message': 'ok',
'results': 'delete success'
})
Django跨域问题
什么是跨域
'''
通常情况下，A网站访问B服务器资源时，不满足以下三个条件其一就是跨域访问
1.协议不同
2.端口不同
3.主机不同
'''
Django解决跨域
'''
安装django-cors-headers模块
在settings.py中配置
# 注册app
INSTALLED_APPS =[
...
'corsheaders'
]
#添加中间件
MIDDLEWARE = [
...
'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware'
]
#允许跨域源
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
'''
认证组件
# views.py
class Auth:
def authenticate(self,request):
#完全具备认证功能
pass
class Book(APIView):
authentication_classes = [Auth,]
认证源码流程
"""
1.views.Books.as_view()2.view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs) 分发给dispatch
3.def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
4.
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs) 封装request
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs) 三大认证
5.self.perform_authentication(request) 转向Request类的user
6.request.py的Request的user self._authenticate()
7.self.authenticators self是drf的request对象
8.drf的request对象的init方法 authenticators是初始化参数
9.在哪初始化的： request = def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
10.self.get_authenticators() 需要 self.authentication_classes
11.self代表APIView类或子类对象，在自定义Books(APIView)中提供
"""