django HttpResponse和JsonResponse
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse # JsonResponse参数传字典,内部对字典进行处理,返回json串 def stu(request): data = {'msg': '处理成功'} return JsonResponse(data, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) #json_dumps_params指定附加参数:给返回数据中文编码 # 而HttpResponse返回字符串 import json def stu1(request): data = {'msg': '处理成功'} return HttpResponse(data, json.dumps(data,ensure_ascii=False)) #json_dumps_params指定附加参数:给返回数据中文编码
django模板filter
filter是django模板中自带的过滤器,当后端不分离时,过滤器能够自定义的处理页面的展示信息,通过格式是以 {{ 变量 | filter模板过滤器:值 }}
# views.py def this_test(request): age = 18 name = 'rainbol' content = 'django有自带的分页，非常的好用，代码如下：django有自带的分页，非常的好用，代码如下：django有自带的分页，非常的好用，代码如下：' navs = ["我的日记", "我的相册", '我的心情', '我的心情1', '我的心情2', '我的心情3'] comments = "<h1 style='color:red'>你好呀</h1>" js_str = "<script>alert('666)</script>" import datetime time = datetime.datetime.now() content2 = "我是谁,我在哪,我要到哪儿去" content3 = "今天是个好日子,程序员心情不错,啦啦啦是sb,笑笑笑是sb,啊啊啊是sb" return render(request, 'test.html', locals()) #locals()返回一口气返回所有变量信息
{% load my_tags %}
{#调用自定义html必须写上面的方法#}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>django模板filter</title>
</head>
<body>
{#添加，如果是数字自己计算，如果是字符串自动拼接#}
{{ age }}
{{ age |add:1 }}
{#特别注意k:v之间不能有空格不然会报错 False->{{ age|add : 1 }}#}
<br>
{#普通后端传给前端数据是字符串,加上safe认为把字符串转换成前端代码,之前是防止js,css注入用的#}
{{ comments |safe }}
<br>
{#truncatechars是django自带的过滤器,截取10个字段,后面的字段以 <..> 表示#}
{{ content1 | truncatechars:10 }}
<br>
{#切片#}
{{ navs |slice:":2" }}
<br>
{#获取长度#}
{{ navs |length }}
<br>
{#拿到第一个字段#}
{{ navs.0 }}
<br>
{#拼接#}
{{ navs | join:'--' }}
<br>
{#所有大写#}
{{ name |upper }}
<br>
{#author没有传,或者为空,显示默认值管理员,如果值就显示那个值#}
{{ author|default:"管理员" }}
<br>
{#按照所指定的时间来设置时间,注意分钟是i #}
{{ time|date:'Y-m-d H:i:s' }}
{#一般字节长度,可以通过下面方式转成kb等形式#}
<p>{{file_size|filesizeformat}}</p>
{#替换字符串自定义方法(1),后台处理修改的值,如敏感词替换#}
{{ content1 |custom_name1 }}
<br>
{#替换字符串自定义方法(2)该页面处理修改的值#}
{{ content2 |custom_name2:'Rain' }}
<br>
{#支持多个参数#}
{% content_value3 content3 "程序员" "sb" %}
</body>
</html>
# my_tags.py # 自定义filter模板,在子项目创建一个里面带有__init__.py的文件夹,文件夹名称必须叫templatetags,文件夹名称必须叫templatetags下随便起一个py文件即可 from django import template register = template.Library() # 变量必须交register @register.filter(name='custom_name1') # 必须添加装饰器 def content_value1(value): true_value = 'django' if true_value in value: value = value.replace(true_value, 'python') return value # 传参形式,filter最多只能两个参数,参数1为字符串,参数2为要替换的字符串 @register.filter(name='custom_name2') def content_value2(value, s): true_value = '我' if true_value in value: value = value.replace(true_value, s) return value # 传参形式解决多个参数传参问题 @register.simple_tag def content_value3(value, *args): # *args不限参数限制 for s in args: value = value.replace(s, '**') return value
django实现cvb接口
后端接口定义如果是按照传统定义的方法,增,删,改,查,需要定义四个接口来做同一件事情,我们可以通过get(查),post(添加),put(修改),delete(删除)这四个不同的请求方式用一个接口实现
fvb(function views base)
def TestView1(request): if request.GET.get() == 'GET': print('这是get请求') elif request.POST.get() == 'POST': print('这是post请求') else: print('其他请求')
cvb(class views base)
#view.py
from django.views import View
#继承View后,cvb需要指定get,post,put,delete方法,请求会自动执行该方法里面的函数
class TestView2(View): def get(self, request): return JsonResponse({'get': 'ok'}, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) def post(self, request): return JsonResponse({'post': 'ok'}, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) def put(self, request): return JsonResponse({'put': 'ok'}, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) def delete(self, request): return JsonResponse({'del': 'ok'}, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})
#url.py urlpatterns = [ path('student', views2.StudentView.as_view() ), #注意类需要调用as_view()方法才能转换成功,而函数不用 ]
cvb后端接口实现增删改查
import datetime import decimal import json from django.core.paginator import Paginator from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse from django.views import View from .models import Student from django.forms import ModelForm from django.db.models import Q class StudentForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Student fields = '__all__' # 代表所有的字段 # fields = ['name','phone'] #某个字段 # exclude = ['status', 'is_delete'] # 排查哪个字段 class MyJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder): # 返回显示的json格式处理 def default(self, obj): if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime): return obj.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') elif isinstance(obj, datetime.date): return obj.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') elif isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal): return float(obj) else: return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj) class StudentView(View): search_field = ['name', 'phone', 'Email'] # 存放搜索的字段 filter_field = ['name', 'phone', 'Email'] # 指定过滤条件 ?name=1213&phone=1223432532&Email=2123.com def get(self, request): # QuerySet search = request.GET.get('search') limit = request.GET.get('limit', 20) page = request.GET.get('page', 1) field_dict = {} for field in self.filter_field: # 过滤字段 value = request.GET.get(field, None) if value: field_dict[field] = value q_result = Q() # 定义Q的空字典来存放数据 if search: for field in self.search_field: # 实现模糊查询 d = {'%s__contains' % field: search} q_result = Q(**d) | q_result # 每一次for循环都能把值增加个result中,实现多个字段过滤 all_students = Student.objects.filter(**field_dict).filter(q_result).filter(is_delete=0, status=1).values() # 先过滤再模糊查询 # 实现分页显示查找列表 page_obj = Paginator(all_students, limit) stus = list(page_obj.get_page(page)) data = {"error_code": 0, "msg": "操作成功", "data": stus, "count": page_obj.count} return JsonResponse(data, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}, encoder=MyJSONEncoder) # encoder实现自己的时间格式 def post(self, request): stu_form = StudentForm(request.POST) if stu_form.is_valid(): Student.objects.create(**stu_form.cleaned_data) data = {"error_code": 0, 'msg': '添加成功'} else: data = {"error_code": -1, 'msg': stu_form.errors.get_json_data()} return JsonResponse(data, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) def put(self, request): # 如果是PUT请求的话 ,request.POST里面没有PUT的数据,坑! # 解决方法是获取request.Meta原始请求数据 id = request.GET.get('id') if not id: data = {"error_code": -1, 'msg': '修改失败'} else: put_data, file = request.parse_file_upload(request.META, request) # parse_file_upload解析请求元数据 stu_form = StudentForm(put_data) clean_data = {} if stu_form.is_valid(): # 全部传参校验通过 Student.objects.filter(uid=id).update(**stu_form.cleaned_data) # 如果校验通过,自动解包并修改到数据库中 data = {"error_code": 1, 'msg': '修改成功'} else: # 校验部分传参处理 not_pass_data = set(stu_form.errors.get_json_data().keys()) # 拿到没有校验通过的字段 send_data = set(put_data.keys()) if not_pass_data & send_data: # 如果所有字段的key和不通过的key存在交集,这个交集的值就是没有传的字段,否则是传了的字段都已经通过校验了 public_data = not_pass_data - send_data # 拿到差集 stu_data = stu_form.errors.get_json_data() for s in public_data: stu_data.pop(s) data = {"error_code": -1, 'msg': stu_data} else: for k in set(put_data.keys()): clean_data[k] = put_data.get(k) Student.objects.filter(uid=id).update(**clean_data) data = {"error_code": 1, 'msg': '修改成功'} return JsonResponse(data, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) def delete(self, request): id = request.GET.get('id') if id: res = Student.objects.filter(status=1, is_delete=0).filter(uid=id).delete() if res[0]: data = {"error_code": -1, 'msg': '删除成功'} return JsonResponse(data, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) data = {"error_code": -1, 'msg': '删除失败'} return JsonResponse(data, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})