• 【Spring】SpringMVC之REST编程风格


    REST架构是一个抽象的概念,目前主要是基于HTTP协议实现,其目的是为了提高系统的可伸缩性、降低应用之间的耦合度、便于架构分布式处理程序。当使用多种语言进行开发的时候,每一种语言对URL的处理不同,这时候就需要统一处理,那么使用REST编程风格就很有必要了。REST只是一种设计模式,如果需要对安全性有要求,就是额外的功能代码了。

    使用方式

    在URL中设置使用如下方式: /{变量名1}/{变量名2}

    在代码中向Controller方法注入参数:  (@PathVariable("变量名1") String str1,@PathVariable("变量名2") String str2) 
    例如:

            @RequestMapping(value="/book/{bookid}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
            @ResponseBody
            public Object getBook(@PathVariable("bookid") String bookid){
    
                return new Book();
            }

    Demo

    bean类:

    package cn.xdl.bean;
    
    public class Book {
    
        private int bid;
        private String bname;
        public int getBid() {
            return bid;
        }
        public void setBid(int bid) {
            this.bid = bid;
        }
        public String getBname() {
            return bname;
        }
        public void setBname(String bname) {
            this.bname = bname;
        }
        public Book(int bid, String bname) {
            super();
            this.bid = bid;
            this.bname = bname;
        }
        public Book() {
            super();
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Book [bid=" + bid + ", bname=" + bname + "]";
        }
        
    }
    Book.java

    Controller类:

    package cn.xdl.c;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    import cn.xdl.bean.Book;
    
    @Controller
    public class BookController {
    
        /**
         * VALUE :请求的地址模版 (模版中使用大括号括住的部分, 属于变量)
         * method: 请求的方式
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping(value="/book/{bookid}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
        @ResponseBody
        public Object insertBook(@PathVariable("bookid") String bookId) {
            System.out.println("正在查询图书 , 请求的图书的编号为:"+bookId);
            return new Book(Integer.parseInt(bookId), "欢乐颂");
        }
        @RequestMapping(value="book/{bookid}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
        @ResponseBody
        public Object deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookid")String bookid) {
            System.out.println("正在删除图书:id:"+bookid);
            Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
            map.put("errorCode0", "0");
            map.put("msg", "删除成功");
            return map;
        }
        @RequestMapping(value="book/{bookid}/{bookname}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
        @ResponseBody
        public Object updateBook(@PathVariable("bookid") String bookId,@PathVariable("bookname") String bookName) {
            System.out.println("正在修改图书:id:"+bookId+", 要修改的新书名:"+bookName);
            Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
            map.put("errorCode0", "0");
            map.put("msg", "修改成功");
            return map;
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value="book/{bookid}/{bookname}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
        @ResponseBody
        public Object insertBook(@PathVariable("bookid") String bookId,@PathVariable("bookname") String bookName) {
            System.out.println("正在添加图书:id:"+bookId+", 要添加的新书名:"+bookName);
            Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
            map.put("errorCode0", "0");
            map.put("msg", "添加成功");
            return map;
        }
        
        
    }
    BookController.java

    这里的通信方式返回的结果是Object对象。在这个笔者使用了注解 @ResponseBody ,需要导入包 jackson-annotations.jar 、 jackson-core.jar 和 jackson-databind.jar包。

    bean.xml文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
        xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
        xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
        xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
            <!-- 
                开启注解扫描
             -->
             <context:component-scan base-package="cn"></context:component-scan>
             <!-- 
                 开启mvc注解扫描
              -->
            <mvc:annotation-driven/>
            
            <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
            
            
    </beans>
    bean.xml

    在配置文件中一定需要指出:

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    否则会出现静态资源(如js、css等资源)拦截404的错误。

    web.xml文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
    
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>webmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>webmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
            
        </servlet-mapping>
    
    
    </web-app>
    web.xml

    web.xml文件过滤的url必须写成 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> ,因为采用REST编程风格,在url地址中只会出现/分割符号,所以只能写成这样 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> ,以匹配所有的路径。

    restTest.jsp文件

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function insertClick(){
            $.ajax({
                url:"book/10003/hahaha",
                dataType:"JSON",
                type:"POST",
                success:function(data){
                    alert( JSON.stringify(data));
                },
                error:function(){
                    
                }
            });
            
        }
        function deleteClick(){
            $.ajax({
                url:"book/10003",
                dataType:"JSON",
                type:"DELETE",
                success:function(data){
                    alert( JSON.stringify(data));
                },
                error:function(){
                    
                }
            });
            
            
        }
        function updateClick(){
            $.ajax({
                url:"book/10003/hahaha",
                dataType:"JSON",
                type:"PUT",
                success:function(data){
                    alert( JSON.stringify(data));
                },
                error:function(){
                    
                }
            });
            
        }
        function findClick(){
            $.ajax({
                url:"book/10003",
                dataType:"JSON",
                type:"GET",
                success:function(data){
                    alert( JSON.stringify(data));
                },
                error:function(){
                    
                }
            });
            
        }
    
    </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <input onclick="insertClick()" type="button" value="增加"/><br><br>
        <input onclick="deleteClick()" type="button" value="删除"/><br><br>
        <input onclick="updateClick()" type="button" value="修改"/><br><br>
        <input onclick="findClick()" type="button" value="查询"/><br><br>
    </body>
    </html>
    restTest.jsp

    这里通信方式是采用Ajax请求。

    Rest请求地址中带有中文的处理

    如果在Rest风格的请求中,请求的参数带有中文,就会出现映射错误。这时候需要进行如下的配置:

    在SpringMVC的配置文件中将 <mvc:annotation-driven/> 改为:

    <!--开始注解-->
        <mvc:annotation-driven>  
            <mvc:message-converters>  
                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">  
                    <property name="supportedMediaTypes">  
                        <list>  
                            <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>  
                        </list>  
                    </property>  
                </bean>  
            </mvc:message-converters>  
        </mvc:annotation-driven>

    除此之外还需要在tomcat 的 server.xml中,加入URIEncoding="UTF-8":

        <Connector connectionTimeout="20000" port="8081" URIEncoding="UTF-8" protocol="HTTP/1.1" redirectPort="8443"/>

    这样就可以解决Rest请求中中文乱码的问题了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/HDK2016/p/7197696.html
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