1、查询安装路径
dpkg -L 软件名
例如：dpkg -L gedit
dpkg -L gedit /. /usr /usr/bin /usr/bin/gedit /usr/share /usr/share/applications /usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop /usr/share/dbus-1 /usr/share/dbus-1/services /usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.gnome.gedit.service /usr/share/bug /usr/share/bug/gedit /usr/share/bug/gedit/script /usr/share/pyshared /usr/share/pyshared/gi /usr/share/pyshared/gi/overrides /usr/share/pyshared/gi/overrides/Gedit.py /usr/share/gedit /usr/share/gedit/gedit-bugreport /usr/share/lintian /usr/share/lintian/overrides /usr/share/lintian/overrides/gedit /usr/share/menu /usr/share/menu/gedit /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/gedit /usr/share/doc/gedit/README /usr/share/doc/gedit/BUGS /usr/share/doc/gedit/copyright /usr/share/doc/gedit/NEWS.gz /usr/share/doc/gedit/AUTHORS /usr/share/doc/gedit/changelog.Debian.gz /usr/share/python /usr/share/python/runtime.d /usr/share/python/runtime.d/gedit.rtupdate /usr/lib /usr/lib/gedit /usr/lib/gedit/girepository-1.0 /usr/lib/gedit/girepository-1.0/Gedit-3.0.typelib /usr/lib/gedit/plugins /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libmodelines.so /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/zeitgeist.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/time.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libspell.so /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libtime.so /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libsort.so /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/outputpanel.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/windowactivatable.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/manager.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/capture.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/library.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/filelookup.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/__init__.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/functions.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/linkparsing.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/docinfo.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/changecase.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/modelines.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/placeholder.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/shareddata.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/substitutionparser.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/snippet.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/completion.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/exporter.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/singleton.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/windowactivatable.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/document.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/appactivatable.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/languagemanager.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/importer.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/manager.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/library.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/signals.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/__init__.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/helper.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/parser.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/sort.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/spell.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/popup.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/__init__.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/virtualdirs.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libchangecase.so /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/filebrowser.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/__init__.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/console.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/config.py /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets.plugin /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libdocinfo.so /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libzeitgeistplugin.so /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libfilebrowser.so /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides /usr/lib/libgedit-private.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib/libgedit-private.so.0 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gedit.py
或者
whereis 软件名
例如：whereis gedit
2、查询版本
aptitude show 软件名
此方法可以查看依赖包。
例如：aptitude show kde-runtime
显示如下：
aptitude show kde-runtime 软件包： kde-runtime 状态: 未安装 版本号： 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1 优先级： 可选 部分： kde 维护者： Kubuntu Developers <kubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com> 未压缩尺寸： 9,607 k 依赖于: libasound2 (>= 1.0.23), libattica0.3 (>= 0.3.0), libc6 (>= 2.15), libcanberra0 (>= 0.2), libexiv2-11, libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libjpeg8 (>= 8c), libkcmutils4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeclarative5 (>= 4:4.7.0), libkdecore5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdesu5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeui5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdewebkit5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdnssd4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkemoticons4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkfile4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkhtml5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkidletime4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkio5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkmediaplayer4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libknewstuff3-4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libknotifyconfig4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkparts4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkpty4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomuk4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomukdatamanagement4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomukquery4a (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomuksync4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libntrack-qt4-1 (>= 005), libopenexr6 (>= 1.6.1), libphonon4 (>= 4:4.7.0really4.5.0), libplasma3 (>= 4:4.8.1), libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (>= 1:0.99.1), libpulse0 (>= 1:0.99.1), libqt4-dbus (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-declarative (>= 4:4.7.0~rc1), libqt4-network (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-script (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-svg (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-xml (>= 4:4.5.3), libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0), libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.0), libqtwebkit4 (>= 2.2~2011week36), libsmbclient (>= 2:3.2.0), libsolid4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libsoprano4 (>= 2.6.51), libssh-4 (>= 0.3.91), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), libstreamanalyzer0 (>= 0.7.7), libstreams0 (>= 0.7.7), libx11-6, libxcursor1 (> 1.1.2), phonon, perl, kde-runtime-data (>= 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1), kdelibs5-plugins (>= 4:4.8.1), oxygen-icon-theme (>= 4:4.6), shared-desktop-ontologies, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (= 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1) 推荐: udisks, upower, virtuoso-minimal, kubuntu-debug-installer, icoutils, libcanberra-pulse | libcanberra-gstreamer 建议: djvulibre-bin, finger 冲突: kdelibs4-dev 破坏: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4, kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6), kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (< 4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95), plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (< 4:4.6.80) 代替: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4, kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6), kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (< 4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95), plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (< 4:4.6.80) 描述： runtime components from the official KDE release KDE is produced by an international technology team that creates free and open source software for desktop and portable computing. Among KDE's products are a modern desktop system for Linux and UNIX platforms, comprehensive office productivity and groupware suites and hundreds of software titles in many categories including Internet and web applications, multimedia, entertainment, educational, graphics and software development. This package contains programs and data needed at runtime by KDE applications. 主页： http://www.kde.org/
或者
dpkg -l 软件名
例如：dpkg -l gedit
dpkg -l gedit 期望状态=未知(u)/安装(i)/删除(r)/清除(p)/保持(h) | 状态=未安装(n)/已安装(i)/仅存配置(c)/仅解压缩(U)/配置失败(F)/不完全安装(H)/触发器等待(W)/触发器未决(T) |/ 错误?=(无)/须重装(R) (状态，错误：大写=故障) ||/ 名称 版本 描述 +++-==============-==============-============================================ ii gedit 3.3.8-0ubuntu1 official text editor of the GNOME desktop en
参考：
http://blog.csdn.net/micheal_j/article/details/7386623（以上内容转自此篇文章）