1、通过ps命令的两种选项形式查看进程信息
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux
[root@localhost ~]# ps -elf
2、通过top命令查看进程
[root@localhost ~]# top
top - 10:42:56 up 2:13, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks: 177 total, 1 running, 176 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 6.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 93.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 1867024 total, 73908 free, 750376 used, 1042740 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2097120 free, 28 used. 879064 avail Mem
3、通过pgrep命令查看sshd服务的进程号
[root@localhost ~]# pgrep -l sshd
1092 sshd
2692 sshd
4、查看系统进程树
[root@localhost ~]# pstree -aup
5、使dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 命令操作在前台运行
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
6、将第5题命令操作调入到后台并暂停
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
^Z
[1]+ 已停止 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
7、使dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file2 bs=1M count=1024 命令操作在后台运行
[root@localhost ~]# bg 1
[1]+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &
8、查看后台的任务列表
[root@localhost ~]# jobs
[1]+ 运行中 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &
[root@localhost ~]# 记录了8190+0 的读入
记录了8190+0 的写出
8587837440字节(8.6 GB)已复制，8.74667 秒，982 MB/秒
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux
[root@localhost ~]# ps -elf
2、通过top命令查看进程
[root@localhost ~]# top
top - 10:42:56 up 2:13, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks: 177 total, 1 running, 176 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 6.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 93.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 1867024 total, 73908 free, 750376 used, 1042740 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2097120 free, 28 used. 879064 avail Mem
3、通过pgrep命令查看sshd服务的进程号
[root@localhost ~]# pgrep -l sshd
1092 sshd
2692 sshd
4、查看系统进程树
[root@localhost ~]# pstree -aup
5、使dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 命令操作在前台运行
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
6、将第5题命令操作调入到后台并暂停
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
^Z
[1]+ 已停止 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
7、使dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file2 bs=1M count=1024 命令操作在后台运行
[root@localhost ~]# bg 1
[1]+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &
8、查看后台的任务列表
[root@localhost ~]# jobs
[1]+ 运行中 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &
[root@localhost ~]# 记录了8190+0 的读入
记录了8190+0 的写出
8587837440字节(8.6 GB)已复制，8.74667 秒，982 MB/秒
[1]+ 完成 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
9、恢复dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 让其在后台继续运行
[root@localhost ~]# bg 1
[1]+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &
10、查询dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 命令的进程并通过kill杀死
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &
[1] 20251
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 20251
[root@localhost ~]# jobs
[1]+ 已杀死 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
[root@localhost ~]#
11、设置一次性计划任务在18：00时关闭系统，并查看任务信息
[root@localhost ~]# at 18:00
at> shutdown -h
at> <EOT>
job 5 at Thu Aug 8 18:00:00 2019
12、以root身份设置周期性计划任务
a) 每天晚上的24点时打包压缩 /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow 为 file.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l -u root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
b) 每周一的每隔五分钟列出磁盘使用状况
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l -u root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
c) 每天的8:30与互联网时间同步服务器pool.ntp.org同步时间
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l -u root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
30 8 * * * ntpbate pool.ntp.org
13、通过crontab命令查看root的计划任务，通过文件查看类工具列出/var/spool/cron下对应的文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l -u root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
[root@localhost ~]#cat /var/spool/cron/root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
[root@localhost ~]# bg 1
[1]+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &
10、查询dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 命令的进程并通过kill杀死
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &
[1] 20251
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 20251
[root@localhost ~]# jobs
[1]+ 已杀死 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190
[root@localhost ~]#
11、设置一次性计划任务在18：00时关闭系统，并查看任务信息
[root@localhost ~]# at 18:00
at> shutdown -h
at> <EOT>
job 5 at Thu Aug 8 18:00:00 2019
12、以root身份设置周期性计划任务
a) 每天晚上的24点时打包压缩 /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow 为 file.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l -u root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
b) 每周一的每隔五分钟列出磁盘使用状况
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l -u root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
c) 每天的8:30与互联网时间同步服务器pool.ntp.org同步时间
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l -u root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
30 8 * * * ntpbate pool.ntp.org
13、通过crontab命令查看root的计划任务，通过文件查看类工具列出/var/spool/cron下对应的文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l -u root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th
[root@localhost ~]#cat /var/spool/cron/root
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/group
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/gshadow
0 0 * * * /etc/tar zcf file.tar.gz /etc/shadow
*/5 * * * 1 df -Th