最近遇到特别糟糕的面试,过程中提到多次对多线程的处理问题,并没有很好的给予答复和解决,所以在这里做个简单的备案:
期望能更加了解和熟练使用 多线程技术:
下面都是自己的总结,如果存在不对的,或者不足,请给予指正……
1. 多线程基本概念:方式 -> 同步 + 异步
1.1 同步 : 队列任务 在当前线程,按照添加先后顺序执行,不开辟新的线程;
1.1.1 同步方法 1
- (void)syncOne{ NSLog(@"**************同步1 start ***************"); NSLog(@"同步1 start %@",[NSThread currentThread]); dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("test", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL); // 同步执行 dispatch_sync(queue, ^{ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { NSLog(@"同步1 %@",[NSThread currentThread]); } }); NSLog(@"同步1 end %@",[NSThread currentThread]); NSLog(@"**************同步1 end ***************"); }
打印结果:::::
2017-12-19 16:56:06.537696+0800 DeadThread[6767:1309336] **************同步1 start *************** 2017-12-19 16:56:06.537841+0800 DeadThread[6767:1309336] 同步1 start <NSThread: 0x6040000789c0>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-19 16:56:06.537969+0800 DeadThread[6767:1309336] 同步1 <NSThread: 0x6040000789c0>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-19 16:56:06.538046+0800 DeadThread[6767:1309336] 同步1 <NSThread: 0x6040000789c0>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-19 16:56:06.538222+0800 DeadThread[6767:1309336] 同步1 <NSThread: 0x6040000789c0>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-19 16:56:06.538307+0800 DeadThread[6767:1309336] 同步1 end <NSThread: 0x6040000789c0>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-19 16:56:06.538404+0800 DeadThread[6767:1309336] **************同步1 end ***************
得到的结果::
1.创建了同步队列:dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("test", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
1.线程在主线程执行
2.线程顺序执行的
1.1.2 同步方法 2
- (void)syncTwo{ NSLog(@"**************同步2 start ***************"); NSLog(@"同步2 start %@",[NSThread currentThread]); dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("test", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL); // 同步执行 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{//新开一个子线程 dispatch_sync(queue, ^{ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { NSLog(@"同步2 %@",[NSThread currentThread]); } }); }); NSLog(@"同步2 end %@",[NSThread currentThread]); NSLog(@"**************同步2 end ***************"); }
打印结果::::
2017-12-20 10:08:49.982236+0800 DeadThread[8035:1857644] **************同步2 start *************** 2017-12-20 10:08:49.982373+0800 DeadThread[8035:1857644] 同步2 start <NSThread: 0x604000075480>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-20 10:08:49.982478+0800 DeadThread[8035:1857644] 同步2 end <NSThread: 0x604000075480>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-20 10:08:49.982512+0800 DeadThread[8035:1858341] 同步2 <NSThread: 0x60400026aa40>{number = 3, name = (null)} 2017-12-20 10:08:49.982563+0800 DeadThread[8035:1857644] **************同步2 end *************** 2017-12-20 10:08:49.982584+0800 DeadThread[8035:1858341] 同步2 <NSThread: 0x60400026aa40>{number = 3, name = (null)} 2017-12-20 10:08:49.982817+0800 DeadThread[8035:1858341] 同步2 <NSThread: 0x60400026aa40>{number = 3, name = (null)}
得到的结果:::::
1.线程在新开的线程执行;
2.线程内同步代码 运行是顺序进行的
1.1.3 同步死锁
解说一个经典的死锁代码:
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; NSLog(@"开始启动");// 1 dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ //2 NSLog(@"同步任务"); // 3 }); NSLog(@"启动结束"); //4 }
运行结果::::
2017-12-20 10:53:10.147278+0800 DeadThread[8403:2037075] 开始启动 (lldb)
解说原因::::
前提::1. viewDidLoad 任务是在主线程执行的 2. dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(),^{ }); 在主线程 添加了新的任务
1.项目整体代码是 顺序运行的;
2.当代码 运行到 标记 1 时, 没有发生问题,log 正常启动,打印输出;
3.当代码 运行到 标记 2 时,添加了新的同步任务,且在同一个队列中(如图)
图示::
同步任务,view did load 任务 先添加的,所以先被执行,
运行到 标记 2 时,添加新的同步任务,此时 需要执行 这个同步任务,但此时 view did load 任务 还没有执行完毕;
造成的结果:
同步任务 需要等待 view did load 任务执行完毕;
view did load 任务 需要同步任务执行 完毕;
对不起,哥们,到了这里,程序死定了,呜呜……
1.2 异步 :具备开启新线程的能理,执行时,不影响主线程的运行
1.2.1 异步方法1
- (void)asyncOne{ NSLog(@"**************异步1 start ***************"); NSLog(@"异步1 start %@",[NSThread currentThread]); dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("test", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL); // 异步执行 dispatch_async(queue, ^{ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { NSLog(@"异步1 %@",[NSThread currentThread]); } }); NSLog(@"异步1 end %@",[NSThread currentThread]); NSLog(@"**************异步1 end ***************"); }
执行结果::::
2017-12-20 12:58:01.304660+0800 DeadThread[8552:2189332] **************异步1 start *************** 2017-12-20 12:58:01.304867+0800 DeadThread[8552:2189332] 异步1 start <NSThread: 0x600000078940>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-20 12:58:01.304959+0800 DeadThread[8552:2189332] 异步1 end <NSThread: 0x600000078940>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-20 12:58:01.304993+0800 DeadThread[8552:2189855] 异步1 <NSThread: 0x600000272140>{number = 3, name = (null)} 2017-12-20 12:58:01.305164+0800 DeadThread[8552:2189332] **************异步1 end *************** 2017-12-20 12:58:01.305184+0800 DeadThread[8552:2189855] 异步1 <NSThread: 0x600000272140>{number = 3, name = (null)} 2017-12-20 12:58:01.305255+0800 DeadThread[8552:2189855] 异步1 <NSThread: 0x600000272140>{number = 3, name = (null)}
得到的结果:::
1.不影响主线程的执行;
2.新任务的代码,在新的线程执行;
1.2.2 异步方法2
- (void)asyncTwo{ NSLog(@"**************异步2 start ***************"); NSLog(@"异步2 start %@",[NSThread currentThread]); dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("test", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT); // 异步执行 dispatch_async(queue, ^{ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { NSLog(@"异步2 %@",[NSThread currentThread]); } }); NSLog(@"异步2 end %@",[NSThread currentThread]); NSLog(@"**************异步2 end ***************"); }
执行结果:::
2017-12-20 13:16:36.866651+0800 DeadThread[8737:2276498] **************异步2 start *************** 2017-12-20 13:16:36.866783+0800 DeadThread[8737:2276498] 异步2 start <NSThread: 0x600000076540>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-20 13:16:36.866890+0800 DeadThread[8737:2276498] 异步2 end <NSThread: 0x600000076540>{number = 1, name = main} 2017-12-20 13:16:36.866891+0800 DeadThread[8737:2276887] 异步2 <NSThread: 0x608000079800>{number = 3, name = (null)} 2017-12-20 13:16:36.866960+0800 DeadThread[8737:2276498] **************异步2 end *************** 2017-12-20 13:16:36.866980+0800 DeadThread[8737:2276887] 异步2 <NSThread: 0x608000079800>{number = 3, name = (null)} 2017-12-20 13:16:36.867038+0800 DeadThread[8737:2276887] 异步2 <NSThread: 0x608000079800>{number = 3, name = (null)}
得到结果:::
1.不影响主线程的执行;
2.新任务的代码,在新的线程执行;