请求库-selenium 模块

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# 安装：pip3 install selenium

# 下载chromdriver.exe放到python安装路径的scripts目录中即可，注意最新版本是3.5
# 国内镜像网站地址：http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/3.5
# 最新的版本去官网找:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads

# 验证安装
from selenium import webdriver
# driver = webdriver.Chrome()       #弹出浏览器
# driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")    #浏览器自动访问该url
# print(driver.page_source)              #终端打印获取到的urltext文件

# 安装：pip3 install selenium
# 下载phantomjs，解压后把phantomjs.exe所在的bin目录放到环境变量
# 下载链接：http://phantomjs.org/download.html

# drivers = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path=r"E:pythonphantomjs-2.1.1-windowsinphantomjs.exe") #无界面浏览器
# 环境变量配置之后就可以不用加里面的参数，但是不知道什么原因pycharm识别不了，只能手动吧目录填写进去

# drivers.get('https://www.baidu.com')
# print(drivers.page_source)

# 基本使用
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By       #查找方式：ID，class
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys   #键盘操作，enter
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait    #等待页面加载某些元素

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get("https://www.baidu.com")              #访问这个页面
    input_tag = browser.find_element_by_id("kw")      #找到搜索框ID
    input_tag.send_keys("极致诱惑")                    #给搜索框添加搜索条件
    input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)                   #模仿人手动敲击回车键
    wait = WebDriverWait(browser,10)                  #等待10秒
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,"content_left--")))    #等待十秒，知道等到content_left--加载出来，

    print("browser.page_source",browser.page_source)
    print("browser.current_url",browser.current_url)
    print("browser.get_cookie()",browser.get_cookie)

finally:
    browser.close()                #最后得关闭

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
wait = WebDriverWait(driver,5)

try:
    # ===============所有方法===================
    # 1、find_element_by_id
    # 2、find_element_by_link_text
    # 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text
    # 4、find_element_by_tag_name
    # 5、find_element_by_class_name
    # 6、find_element_by_name
    # 7、find_element_by_css_selector
    # 8、find_element_by_xpath
    ###############################################################
    # 1、find_element_by_id
    # print(driver.find_element_by_id("kw"))
    # 2、find_element_by_link_text
    # login = driver.find_elements_by_link_text("登录")[0]
    # login.click()
    # 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text
    login = driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text("录")[0]
    login.click()
    # 4、find_element_by_tag_name
    # print(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("a"))
    # 5、find_element_by_class_name
    button=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME,'tang-pass-footerBarULogin')))
    button.click()
    print("============")
    # 6、find_element_by_name
    input_user = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,"userName")))
    input_pwd = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,"password")))
    commit = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,"TANGRAM__PSP_10__submit")))

    input_user.send_keys("xxxxxxxxx")       #输入框输入用户名
    input_pwd.send_keys("xxxxxxxxx")        #密码框输入密码
    commit.click()
    time.sleep(4)

finally:
    driver.close()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html')
driver.implicitly_wait(3)         #有些文件加载比较缓慢，在加载之前等待

try:
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a")     #从根目录下找子子孙孙，找不到报错
    # driver.find_element_by_xpath("//body/a") #从根目录body先找他的儿子，找不到爆粗
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("//body//a") #从body下的子子孙孙找a，
    res1 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//body//a[3]")   # 取第一个a标签,标签按1开始
    print(res1.text)
    r2 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a[3]")
    print(r2.text)
    r3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="images"]/a[3]')
    print(r3.text)
    # r1,r2,r3 的结果是相同的
    res4 = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("/html/body/div/a")[3]
    print(res4.text)
    res5 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[img/@src="image3_thumb.jpg"]')
    print(res5.text)

finally:
    driver.close()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.amazon.cn")
wait = WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.ID,"cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer")))
tag = browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer img")
print(tag.get_attribute("src"))
print(tag.id)
print(tag.location)
print(tag.tag_name)
print(tag.size)
browser.close()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By  # 按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys  # 键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait  # 等待页面加载某些元素
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
# wait = WebDriverWait(driver,3)
driver.implicitly_wait(3)
try:
    driver.switch_to.frame("iframeResult")
    drop = driver.find_element_by_id("droppable")     #不懂
    drag = driver.find_element_by_id("draggable")     #动
    # 移动方块
    # 方式一：
    # actions = ActionChains(driver)          #拿到动作连对象
    # actions.drag_and_drop(drop,drag)
    # actions.perform()
    # time.sleep(4)
    # 方式二
    ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(drag).perform()
    distance = drop.location["x"] - drag.location["x"]    #获取到两者之间的距离
    track = 0
    while track < distance:
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform()
        track +=2
    ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
    time.sleep(10)
finally:
    driver.close()

等待元素加载
#1、selenium只是模拟浏览器的行为，而浏览器解析页面是需要时间的（执行css，js），一些元素可能需要过一段时间才能加载出来，为了保证能查找到元素，必须等待

#2、等待的方式分两种：
隐式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）前就设置，针对所有元素有效
显式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）之后设置，只针对某个元素有效

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

browser=webdriver.Chrome()

#隐式等待:在查找所有元素时，如果尚未被加载，则等10秒
browser.implicitly_wait(10)

browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')


input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input_tag.send_keys('美女')
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

contents=browser.find_element_by_id('content_left') #没有等待环节而直接查找，找不到则会报错
print(contents)

browser.close()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')


input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input_tag.send_keys('美女')
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)


#显式等待：显式地等待某个元素被加载
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left')))

contents=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#content_left')
print(contents)


browser.close()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.taobao.com/")
wait = WebDriverWait(browser,10)
# input_tag = browser.find_element_by_id("q")
# input_tag.send_keys("情趣用品")
# button = browser.find_element_by_class_name("btn-search")
# button.click()
input_tag = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,"q")))
input_tag.send_keys("情趣用品")
button = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,"btn-search")))
button.click()

import time
time.sleep(3)
input_tag = browser.find_element_by_id("q")
input_tag.clear()
input_tag.send_keys("iphone9")
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name("btn-search")
button.click()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

try:
    browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get("https://www.baidu.com")
    browser.execute_script("alert(6666)")
    import time
    time.sleep(3)
finally:
    browser.close()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

#frame相当于一个单独的网页，在父frame里是无法直接查看到子frame的元素的，必须switch_to_frame切到该frame下，才能进一步查找
try:
    browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
    browser.switch_to.frame("iframeResult")
    tag1 = browser.find_element_by_id("droppable")
    print(tag1)
    browser.switch_to.parent_frame()
    tag2 = browser.find_element_by_id("textareaCode")
    print(tag2)
finally:
    browser.close()

# 先切换到iframe里找标签，然后切换到父母版中找标签

import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.baidu.com")
browser.get("https://www.taobao.com")
browser.get("https://www.sina.com.cn/")

browser.back()      #后退
time.sleep(12)
browser.forward()   # 前进
time.sleep(12)
browser.close()

# 访问顺序；首先访问百度，淘宝，新浪，然后返回淘宝，12秒后前进到新浪，12秒后关闭浏览器

#cookies
# from selenium import webdriver
# 
# browser=webdriver.Chrome()
# browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
# print(browser.get_cookies())
# browser.add_cookie({'k1':'xxx','k2':'yyy'})
# print(browser.get_cookies())
# 
# # browser.delete_all_cookies()

import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.baidu.com")
browser.execute_script("window.open()")
print(browser.window_handles)
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get("https://www.taobao.com")
time.sleep(10)
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get("https://www.sina.com.cn")
browser.close()
# 先访问百度页面，然后打开新的选项卡，跳转到新的选项卡，访问淘宝，10秒后跳转到第一个选项卡，访问新浪，关闭

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException,NoSuchElementException,NoSuchFrameException

try:
    browser=webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
    browser.switch_to.frame('iframssseResult')

except TimeoutException as e:
    print(e)
except NoSuchFrameException as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    browser.close()

---

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
import time

def get_good(driver):
    try:
        goods = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("gl-item")
        for good in goods:        # 循环着一夜的的数据
            detail_url = good.find_element_by_tag_name("a").get_attribute("href")     #商品详情
            detail_price = good.find_element_by_css_selector(".p-price i").text       #商品价格
            detail_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector(".p-name em").text        #商品名
            detail_com = good.find_element_by_css_selector(".p-commit a").text        #评论量
            msg = """
                商品名：%s
                详情链接：%s
                商品价格：%s
                评论量：%s
            """%(detail_name,detail_url,detail_price,detail_com)
            print(msg)
            # 这里可以写入文件操作
        button = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('下一页')       #检测到右下一页链接
        button.click()
        time.sleep(2)
        get_good(driver)    # 睡两秒后继续爬，爬的太快容易被服务器检测到
    except Exception:
        pass

def spilder(url,keyword):
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get(url)
    driver.implicitly_wait(7)
    try:
        input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id("key")
        input_tag.send_keys(keyword)
        input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        get_good(driver)
    finally:
        driver.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    spilder("https:www.jd.com","情趣")

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
from PIL import Image #pip3 install pillow

import time

def get_snap(driver):
    '''
    :param driver:
    :return: 返回屏幕的全图
    '''
    driver.save_screenshot("snap.png")
    snap_obj = Image.open("snap.png")
    # snap_obj.show()
    return snap_obj


def get_image(driver):
    '''
    :param driver:
    :return:返回验证图片的全图
    '''
    img = driver.find_element_by_class_name("geetest_canvas_img")
    time.sleep(2)
    size = img.size       #获取到图片大小
    location = img.location  #获取到图片的相对位置

    left = location["x"]
    top = location["y"]
    right = left + size["width"]
    bottom = top + size["height"]
    # print(left,top,right,bottom)

    snap_obj = get_snap(driver)
    image_obj = snap_obj.crop((left,top,right,bottom))    #截取全部中的坐标图片
    # image_obj.show()
    return image_obj


def get_distance(image1,image2):
    start_x = 58  # 图片的x轴起始位置
    threhold = 60  # 误差的阀值
    for x in range(start_x, image1.size[0]):
        for y in range(image1.size[1]):  # x,y 是他们额像素点
            rgb1 = image1.load()[x, y]  # 获取第一张图片的像素点
            rgb2 = image2.load()[x, y]  # 获取第二张图片的像素点
            res1 = abs(rgb1[0] - rgb2[0])
            res2 = abs(rgb1[1] - rgb2[1])
            res3 = abs(rgb1[2] - rgb2[2])
            if not (res1 < threhold and res2 < threhold and res3 < threhold):
                return x - 7


def get_tracks(distance):
    distance += 20  # 滑动距离+20   →欺骗服务器
    v0 = 0
    s = 0
    t = 0.2
    mid = distance*3/5
    forward_tracks = []
    while s < distance:
        if s < mid:
            a=2
        else:
            a=-3
        v = v0
        track = v*t+0.5*a*(t**2)
        track = round(track)    # 四舍五入
        v0 = v + a*t
        s+=track
        forward_tracks.append(track)        # 移动轨迹
    back_tracks = [-1, -1, -1, -2, -2, -2, -3, -3, -2, -2, -1]  # 多加的20个单位
    return {"forward_tracks":forward_tracks,"back_tracks":back_tracks}



def slice(url,username,password):
    try:
        driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        driver.get(url)
        driver.implicitly_wait(3)

        # 1、输入账号，密码，点击登录
        input_user = driver.find_element_by_id("input1")
        input_pwd = driver.find_element_by_id("input2")
        login_user = driver.find_element_by_id("signin")
        input_user.send_keys(username)
        input_pwd.send_keys(password)
        login_user.click()

        # 2、 点击按钮，出现验证码图片(完整的图)
        geetest_radar_tip = driver.find_element_by_class_name("geetest_radar_tip")
        geetest_radar_tip.click()

        # 3、针对没有缺口的图片截图
        image1 = get_image(driver)

        # 4、点击滑动按钮，出现残缺的图片
        slider_button = driver.find_element_by_class_name("geetest_slider_button")
        slider_button.click()

        # 5、针对有缺口的图片截图
        image2 = get_image(driver)

        # 6、对比两张图片，找出缺口，就是滑动的2唯一
        distance = get_distance(image1, image2)  # 获取到图片的位移信息

        # 7、按照人的行为习惯，把总位移切成小的位移
        track_dic = get_tracks(distance)

        # 8、 按照位移移动图片
        slider_button = driver.find_element_by_class_name("geetest_slider_button")  # 找到按钮
        ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(slider_button).perform()  # 摁住它

        forward_tracks = track_dic["forward_tracks"]  # 前进的距离
        back_tracks = track_dic["back_tracks"]  # 后退的距离(刚开始给distance+=20)
        print(forward_tracks, back_tracks)
        for forward_track in forward_tracks:
            ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=forward_track, yoffset=0).perform()  # 移动增加的距离
        time.sleep(0.3)  # 睡0.3秒模仿人动作延迟

        # print("==================================>")
        for back_track in back_tracks:  # 后退的距离
            ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=back_track, yoffset=0).perform()

        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=-3, yoffset=0).perform()  # 最终抖一抖
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=3, yoffset=0).perform()  # 抖一抖
        time.sleep(0.3)
        ActionChains(driver).release().perform()  # 释放
        time.sleep(2)

    except Exception:
        pass

    finally:
        driver.close()




if __name__ == '__main__':
    url = "https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin"
    username = "username"
    password = "password"
    slice(url,username,password)

---