python相关性分析与p值检验

## 最近两天的成果

'''
            ##########################################
            #                                        #
            #           不忘初心  砥砺前行.          #
            #                                418__yj #
            ##########################################
'''
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.stats import pearsonr
import datetime
import os

#求原始图像各波段相关系数与P值
def corr_p(data,spad):
    print('[INFO]处理原始光谱曲线')
    l1=[]
    l2=[]
    col=data.columns
    num=len(data.index)
    index=np.linspace(0,num-1,num)
    data.index=index
    spad.index=index
    for i in col:
        #pearsonr函数返回两个值，分别为相关系数以及P值（显著性水平）
        #l1:相关系数列表，l2:p值列表
        value=pearsonr(spad[spad.columns[0]],data[i])
        l1.append(value[0])
        l2.append(round(value[1],3))
    corr_se=pd.Series(l1,index=col)
    p_se=pd.Series(l2,index=col)

    #因为不可避免的存在0.01,0.05水平线不存在，因此依次在附近寻找了+-0.002范围的值
    index_001_list=[0.010,0.011,0.009,0.012,0.008]
    index_005_list=[0.050,0.051,0.049,0.052,0.048]
    index_001=[]
    index_001_01=[]
    index_005=[]
    index_005_01=[]
    for i in index_001_list:
        index_001.append(list(p_se[p_se==i].index.values))
        index_001_01.append(list(p_se[p_se==-i].index.values))
    for i in index_005_list:
        index_005.append(list(p_se[p_se==i].index.values))
        index_005_01.append(list(p_se[p_se==-i].index.values))
    #数据清洗
    index_001=[list(i) for i in index_001 if len(list(i))!=0]
    index_001_01=[list(i) for i in index_001_01 if len(list(i))!=0]
    index_005=[list(i) for i in index_005 if len(list(i))!=0]
    index_005_01=[list(i) for i in index_005_01 if len(list(i))!=0]
    print(index_001,index_005)
    #p=0.01,p=0.05所对应波段的相关系数值
    p_001=corr_se[index_001[0][0]]
    p_005=corr_se[index_005[0][0]]
    #对单个值的横向填充为PD.SERIES
    p_001_data=get_p_value(p_001,corr_se,name='p_001')
    p_005_data=get_p_value(p_005,corr_se,name='p_005')
    corr=pd.concat([corr_se,p_001_data,p_005_data],axis=1)
    idmax=corr_se.idxmax()
    idmin=corr_se.idxmin()
    print('p_001,p_005')
    print(p_001,p_005)
    print('*')
    print('[INFO]idmax:%s,idmin:%s'%(idmax,idmin))
    #绘图
    s='diff.png'
    xticks=np.arange(339,2539,200)
    draw(corr,s,xticks)
    #写入txt文档，0.01,0.05交点用于分析
    with open('./output/corr_original.txt','w') as f:
        f.writelines(u'最大相关系数所对应波段:'+str(idmax)+'
')
        f.writelines('相关系数最大值:'+str(corr_se[idmax])+'
')
        f.writelines('负相关最大所对应波段:'+str(idmin)+'
')
        f.writelines('负相关最大值:'+str(corr_se[idmin])+'
')
        f.writelines('0.05水平线与负相关系数曲线交点:'+str(index_005)+'
')
        f.writelines('0.05水平线与正相关系数曲线交点:'+str(index_005_01)+'
')
        f.writelines('0.01水平线与负相关系数曲线交点:'+str(index_001)+'
')
        f.writelines('0.01水平线与正相关系数曲线交点:'+str(index_001_01)+'
')

def get_p_value(p_value,corr_se,name):
    #empty=np.zeros_like(corr_se)
    min_corr=corr_se.min()
    max_corr=corr_se.max()
    if min_corr*max_corr>0:
        se=pd.Series(p_value,index=corr_se.index)
        se.name=name
        return se
    else:
        #empty_1=empty.copy()
        #empty_1[:]=p_se
        se_1=pd.Series(p_value,index=corr_se.index)
        se_1.name=name
        #empty_2=empty.copy()
        #empty_2[:]=-p_se
        se_2=pd.Series(-p_value,index=corr_se.index)
        se_2.name=name+'_01'
        return pd.concat([se_1,se_2],axis=1)
def draw(corr,s,xticks):
    '''
    if corr.columns[0]==338:
        xticks=np.arange(338,2538,200)
        xlim=(338,2538)
    elif corr.columns[0]==339:
        xticks=np.arange(339,2539,200)
        xlim=(339,2539)
    UnboundLocalError:
    '''
    print('corrr.columns：%s'%corr.columns)

    style={0:'k','p_001':'k','p_001_01':'k','p_005':'k--','p_005_01':'k--'}
    corr.plot(style=style,xticks=xticks,xlim=(xticks.min(),xticks.max()),figsize=(12,9))
    ax=plt.gca()
    ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
    ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
    plt.savefig('./output/'+s)

def diff_corr_p(data,spad):
    print('[INFO]处理一阶导数曲线')
    l1=[]
    l2=[]
    #相比原始图像，一阶导数要先转为np.array做差分处理，再转为dataframe
    array=np.array(data)
    diff_array=np.diff(array,axis=1)

    num=len(data.index)
    index=np.linspace(0,num-1,num)
    spad.index=index
    data=pd.DataFrame(diff_array,columns=data.columns[:-1],index=index)
    col=data.columns
    #输出Excel
    #data.to_excel('./output/diff.xlsx')
    for i in col:
        #pearsonr函数返回两个值，分别为相关系数以及P值（显著性水平）
        #l1:相关系数列表，l2:p值列表
        value=pearsonr(spad[spad.columns[0]],data[i])
        l1.append(value[0])
        l2.append(round(value[1],3))
    corr_se=pd.Series(l1,index=col)
    p_se=pd.Series(l2,index=col)

    #因为不可避免的存在0.01,0.05水平线不存在，因此依次在附近寻找了+-0.002范围的值
    index_001_list=[0.010,0.011,0.009,0.012,0.008]
    index_005_list=[0.050,0.051,0.049,0.052,0.048]
    index_001=[]
    index_001_01=[]
    index_005=[]
    index_005_01=[]
    for i in index_001_list:
        index_001.append(list(p_se[p_se==i].index.values))
        index_001_01.append(list(p_se[p_se==-i].index.values))
    for i in index_005_list:
        index_005.append(list(p_se[p_se==i].index.values))
        index_005_01.append(list(p_se[p_se==-i].index.values))
    #数据清洗
    index_001=[list(i) for i in index_001 if len(list(i))!=0]
    index_001_01=[list(i) for i in index_001_01 if len(list(i))!=0]
    index_005=[list(i) for i in index_005 if len(list(i))!=0]
    index_005_01=[list(i) for i in index_005_01 if len(list(i))!=0]
    print(index_001,index_005)
    #p=0.01,p=0.05所对应波段的相关系数值
    p_001=corr_se[index_001[0][0]]
    p_005=corr_se[index_005[0][0]]
    #对单个值的横向填充为PD.SERIES
    p_001_data=get_p_value(p_001,corr_se,name='p_001')
    p_005_data=get_p_value(p_005,corr_se,name='p_005')
    corr=pd.concat([corr_se,p_001_data,p_005_data],axis=1)
    idmax=corr_se.idxmax()
    idmin=corr_se.idxmin()
    print('[INFO]idmax:%s,idmin:%s'%(idmax,idmin))
    #绘图
    s='diff.png'
    xticks=np.arange(339,2539,200)
    draw(corr,s,xticks)
    #写入txt文档，0.01,0.05交点用于分析
    with open('./output/corr_diff.txt','w') as f:
        f.writelines(u'最大相关系数所对应波段:'+str(idmax)+'
')
        f.writelines('相关系数最大值:'+str(corr_se[idmax])+'
')
        f.writelines('负相关最大所对应波段:'+str(idmin)+'
')
        f.writelines('负相关最大值:'+str(corr_se[idmin])+'
')
        f.writelines('0.05水平线与负相关系数曲线交点:'+str(index_005)+'
')
        f.writelines('0.05水平线与正相关系数曲线交点:'+str(index_005_01)+'
')
        f.writelines('0.01水平线与负相关系数曲线交点:'+str(index_001)+'
')
        f.writelines('0.01水平线与正相关系数曲线交点:'+str(index_001_01)+'
')
def main():
    starttime = datetime.datetime.now()
    print(__doc__)
    print('''该脚本可能会运行几分钟，最终结果会保存在当前目录的output文件夹下，包括以下内容：
          1：经过重采样处理的SVC的.sig文件以EXCEL形式汇总[sig.xlsx]
          2: 所有小区一阶导数[diff.xlsx]
          3：0.05水平，0.01水平的原始图像相关性检验[original.png]
          4：0.05水平，0.01水平的一阶导数光谱相关性检验[diff.png]
          5：原始图像相关性最大波段的及相关系数[corr_original.txt]
          6：一阶导数相关性最大波段的及相关系数[corr_diff.txt]
         说明：本人才疏学浅，对遥感反演原理不甚了解，数据处理中有诸多纰漏，望慎重使用，以免给各位带来不必要的麻烦。
         ''')
    print('[INFO]加载数据集...')
    path_sig='../output/sig.xlsx'
    sig=pd.read_excel(path_sig,'Sheet3')
    path='../spad/spad.xlsx'
    spad=pd.read_excel(path)

    if not os.path.exists('./output'):
        os.mkdir('./output')

    corr_p(sig.copy(),spad.copy())
    diff_corr_p(sig.copy(),spad.copy())
    endtime = datetime.datetime.now()
    print('-'*80)
    print('程序运行时间:%s s'%((endtime - starttime).seconds))


'''
corr_se[1334]
Out[28]: -0.16722162390032191

EMPTY_SE_001=np.zeros_like(corr_se)
EMPTY_SE_001[:]=-0.16722162390032191
se_01=pd.Series(EMPTY_SE_001,index=index)
corr=pd.concat([corr_se,se_01,se_05],axis=1)
'''
#diff_array=np.diff(sig_array,axis=1)
'''

diff_corr_se[diff_p_se[diff_p_se==0.01].index]
Out[100]:
991    -0.167330
1071   -0.167740
1100    0.166970
1215    0.166174
1232    0.167815
1308   -0.166201
1426   -0.166492
1709   -0.166323
1735   -0.167574
1819   -0.166347
2094   -0.167152
2129   -0.167569
2321    0.167649
2383    0.167009
2478    0.167431
2505    0.166817
dtype: float64
'''
'''
diff_1.idxmax()
Out[139]:
0    759
1    339
2    339
1    339
2    339
dtype: int64

diff_1[0][759]
Out[140]: 0.8388844431717504

diff_1.idxmin()
Out[141]:
0    523
1    339
2    339
1    339
2    339
dtype: int64

diff_1[0][523]
Out[142]: -0.7787709002181252
'''
main()