讨论帖子:
http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/391009829
解决方案:
#include <algorithm> #include <forward_list> #include <functional> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <memory> #include <queue> #include <random> #include <string> #include <unordered_map> #include <utility> using namespace std; template < typename TTask > class ManagedQueue { //typedefs public: typedef typename queue< TTask > TaskQueue; typedef unordered_map< int, int > UserMap; typedef forward_list< int > TaskSelections; typedef unordered_map< int, TaskQueue > TaskQueues; //Fields public: UserMap Users; private: TaskQueues tasks; //每个用户拥有一个TaskQueue TaskSelections task_queues; //内含大量UID,其数量和用户配额相同 mt19937 rng; //随机数发生器 //Methods private: //向备选队列集合中随机插入用户ID,以便Dequeue时能按配额均匀取出任务 void RandomInsert(int user_id, int count) { uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(0, 2); if (task_queues.empty()) { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { task_queues.push_front(user_id); } } else { while (count > 0) { for (auto i = task_queues.begin(); i != task_queues.end(); i++) { if (dist(rng) == 1) { task_queues.insert_after(i, user_id); count--; } } } } } public: //UserMap: UID -> 配额 ManagedQueue(const UserMap& user_table) : Users(user_table), rng(random_device()()) { //为每一个用户分配一个任务队列 for (auto& p : user_table) { tasks.emplace(p.first, queue< TTask >()); } } //如果添加任务前用户任务队列为空,就向备选队列集合中添加与配额相当数量的UID void Enqueue(int user_id, const TTask& task) { auto& q = tasks[user_id]; bool insert_new = q.empty(); q.push(task); if (insert_new) { RandomInsert(user_id, Users[user_id]); } } //在备选队列中随机抽一个UID,并根据UID找到对应的任务队列,从任务队列中取出任务 //如果任务队列中没有任务,那么从备选队列集合中删除对应的UID TTask Dequeue() { uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(0, distance(task_queues.begin(), task_queues.end()) - 1); auto it = task_queues.begin(); advance(it, dist(rng)); auto& q = tasks[*it]; auto ret = q.front(); q.pop(); if (q.empty()) { task_queues.remove_if([&](int user_id) { return tasks[user_id].empty(); }); } return ret; } }; int main() { unordered_map<int, int> user = { {1001, 10}, {1002, 20}, {1003, 40}, {1004, 30} }; ManagedQueue<string> q(user); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { q.Enqueue(1001 + i % 4, string("Task ") + to_string(i % 4 + 1)); } for (int i = 0; i < 400; i++) { cout << q.Dequeue() << " "; } return 0; }