• 异常处理


    异常处理

    1、什么是异常

      异常是错误发生的信号

      程序一旦出错,如果程序中还没有相应处理的机制

      那么该错误就会产生一个异常抛出来

      程序的运行也随之终止

    2、一个异常分为三部分:

      1、异常的追踪信息

      2、异常的类型

      3、异常的值

    3、异常的分类:

      1、语法异常:

        这类异常应该在程序执行前就改正

        

    print('start......')
    x=1
    y
    x+=1
    if 
    print('stop......')

      2、逻辑上的异常

    IndexError
    # l=['a','b']
    # l[100]
    
    KeyError
    # d={'a':1}
    # d['b']
    
    AttributeError:
    # class Foo:
    #     pass
    #
    # Foo.x
    # import os
    # os.aaa
    
    
    ZeroDivisionError
    # 1 / 0
    FileNotFoundError
    # f=open('a.txt','r',encoding='utf-8')
    
    # ValueError: I/O operation on closed file.
    # f=open('a.txt','r',encoding='utf-8')
    # f.close()
    # f.readline()
    
    #ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'aaaaa'
    # int('aaaaa')
    
    
    # TypeError
    # for i in 333:
    #     pass
    
    #NameError
    # x
    # func()
    def func()
        import os 
        os.xxxx
    func()

    单分支

    try:
    #     print('start.....')
    #     x=1
    #     y
    #     l=[]
    #     l[3]
    #     d={'a':1}
    #     d['b']
    #     print('end....')
    # except NameError:
    #     print('变量名没有定义')
    #
    #
    # print('other.....')

    多分支

    try:
    #     print('start.....')
    #     x=1
    #     # y
    #     l=[]
    #     l[3]
    #     d={'a':1}
    #     d['b']
    #     print('end....')
    # except NameError:
    #     print('变量名没有定义')
    # except KeyError:
    #     print('字典的key不存在')
    # except IndexError:
    #     print('索引超出列表的范围')
    #
    #
    # print('other.....')

    多种异常采用同一段逻辑处理

    try:
    #     print('start.....')
    #     x=1
    #     # y
    #     l=[]
    #     # l[3]
    #     d={'a':1}
    #     d['b']
    #     print('end....')
    # except (NameError,KeyError,IndexError):
    #     print('变量名或者字典的key或者列表的索引有问题')
    
    
    # print('other.....')

    万能异常

    try:
    #     print('start.....')
    #     x=1
    #     # y
    #     l=[]
    #     # l[3]
    #     d={'a':1}
    #     # d['b']
    #     import os
    #     os.aaa
    #     print('end....')
    # except Exception:
    #     print('万能异常---》')
    #
    #
    # print('other.....')

    获取异常的值

    try:
    #     print('start.....')
    #     x=1
    #     y
    #     l=[]
    #     l[3]
    #     d={'a':1}
    #     d['b']
    #     import os
    #     os.aaa
    #     print('end....')
    # except Exception as e:
    #     print('万能异常---》',e)
    #
    #
    # print('other.....')

    try.......else......

    else:不能单独使用,必须与except连用,意识是:else的字代码块会在被检测的代码没有

    出现过任何异常的情况下执行

    try:
    #     print('start.....')
    #     # x=1
    #     # # y
    #     # l=[]
    #     # l[3]
    #     # d={'a':1}
    #     # d['b']
    #     # import os
    #     # os.aaa
    #     print('end....')
    # except NameError as e:
    #     print('NameError: ',e)
    #
    # except KeyError as e:
    #     print('KeyError: ',e)
    #
    # except Exception as e:
    #     print('万能异常---》',e)
    #
    # else:
    #     print('在被检测的代码块没有出现任何异常的情况下执行')
    # print('other.....')

    try.....finally....

    try:
    #     print('start.....')
    #     # x=1
    #     # # y
    #     # l=[]
    #     # l[3]
    #     # d={'a':1}
    #     # d['b']
    #     # import os
    #     # os.aaa
    #     print('end....')
    # except NameError as e:
    #     print('NameError: ',e)
    #
    # except KeyError as e:
    #     print('KeyError: ',e)
    #
    # except Exception as e:
    #     print('万能异常---》',e)
    #
    # else:
    #     print('在被检测的代码块没有出现任何异常的情况下执行')
    # finally:
    #     print('无论有没有异常发生,都会执行')
    # print('other.....')

    finally的子代码块中通常放回收系统资源的代码

    try:
    #     f=open('a.txt',mode='w',encoding='utf-8')
    #     f.readline()
    #
    # finally:
    #     f.close()  #这样确保能把文件关闭,不用担心因为前面报错,导致不会运行到关闭文件这一步。
    #
    # print('other....')

    主动触发异常

     raise TypeError('类型错误')
    
    # class People:
    #     def __init__(self,name):
    #         if not isinstance(name,str):
    #             raise TypeError('%s 必须是str类型' %name)
    #
    #         self.name=name
    #
    # p=People(123)

    断言

     print('part1........')
     stus=['egon','alex','wxx','lxx']
     stus=[]
    
    
     if len(stus) <= 0:
         raise TypeError
    #这上下两步其实是相同的,下面的意思是断定必须是要大于0才能运行下一步,小于0报错
     assert len(stus) > 0
    
     print('part2.........')
     print('part2.........')
     print('part2.........')
     print('part2.........')
     print('part2.........')
     print('part2.........')

    自定义异常

     class RegisterError(BaseException):
         def __init__(self,msg,user):
             self.msg=msg
             self.user=user
    
         def __str__(self):
             return '<%s:%s>' %(self.user,self.msg)
    
     raise RegisterError('注册失败','teacher')
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wuchenyu/p/8876852.html
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