一、paramiko简单介绍 |
场景预设:
很多运维人员平时进行维护linux/unix主机时候,无非通过ssh到相应主机操作,那么一旦主机有成千上百台,那该如何应对,这时候我们需要批处理工具,基于python的工具有ansible、salt,而ansible的核心则是基于paramiko。
安装:
pip install paramiko或 easy_install paramiko
paramiko依赖第三方的Crypto,Ecdsa和pyhton-devel
核心组件:
SSHclient类
方法:
connect():远程ssh连接并作校验
参数:
- hostname 连接的目标主机
- port=SSH_PORT 指定端口
- username=None 验证的用户名
- password=None 验证的用户密码
- pkey=None 私钥方式用于身份验证
- key_filename=None 一个文件名或文件名列表,指定私钥文件
- timeout=None 可选的tcp连接超时时间
- allow_agent=True 是否允许连接到ssh代理,默认为True 允许
- look_for_keys=True 是否在~/.ssh中搜索私钥文件,默认为True 允许
- compress=False 是否打开压缩
- sock=None
- gss_auth=False
- gss_kex=False
- gss_deleg_creds=True
- gss_host=None
- banner_timeout=None
exec_command():用于远程执行命令,该命令的输入与输出流为标准输入、标出输出、标准错误输出
参数:
- command 执行的命令
- bufsize=-1 文件缓冲区大小
- timeout=None 设置超时时间
- get_pty=False
load_system_host_key():装载系统公钥,默认为~/.ssh/known_hosts
参数:
- filename=None 指定本地公钥文件
set_missing_host_key_policy():设置连接的远程主机没有本地主机密钥或HostKeys对象时的策略,目前支持三种,也就是参数只有三个。
参数:
- AutoAddPolicy 自动添加主机名及主机密钥到本地的known_hosts,不依赖load_system_host_key的配置。即新建立ssh连接时不需要再输入yes或no进行确认
- WarningPolicy 用于记录一个未知的主机密钥的python警告。并接受,功能上和AutoAddPolicy类似,但是会提示是新连接
- RejectPolicy 自动拒绝未知的主机名和密钥,依赖load_system_host_key的配置。此为默认选项
用法:
set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
SFTPClient类
SFTPCLient作为一个sftp的客户端对象,根据ssh传输协议的sftp会话,实现远程文件操作,如上传、下载。
方法:
- from_transport(cls,t) 创建一个已连通的SFTP客户端通道
- put(localpath, remotepath, callback=None, confirm=True) 将本地文件上传到服务器 参数confirm:是否调用stat()方法检查文件状态,返回ls -l的结果
- get(remotepath, localpath, callback=None) 从服务器下载文件到本地
- mkdir() 在服务器上创建目录
- remove() 在服务器上删除目录
- rename() 在服务器上重命名目录
- stat() 查看服务器文件状态
- listdir() 列出服务器目录下的文件
二、使用paramiko远程执行命令 |
1.使用用户名、密码直接远程登陆demo:
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ #Author:wd import paramiko host='10.0.0.241' username='root' passwd='1234qwer' ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()#创建SSH对象 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())#设置自动添加known_host ssh.connect(hostname=host,username=username,password=passwd,)#连接主机 paramiko.util.log_to_file('tran.log')#设置登陆数据传输日志 stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('ifconfig',timeout=10)#执行命令设置超时时间 stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read() res=stdout if stdout else stderr print(res.decode())
ssh.close()#关闭连接
2.使用公钥私钥远程连接
demo:
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ #Author:wd host='172.16.11.35' username='root' import paramiko ssh=paramiko.SSHClient() ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())#设置自动添加known_hosts,一定要在connection之前 ssh.connect(username=username,hostname=host,pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/Users/fangchaoliu/.ssh/id_rsa')) stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('ifconfig') stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read() res=stdout if stdout else stderr print(res.decode())
3.使用SSHclient封装transport
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ #Author:wd host=('172.16.11.35',22) user='root' passwd='1234qwer' import paramiko tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port tran.connect(username=user,password=passwd) ssh=paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport=tran stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('df -h') stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read() res=stdout if stdout else stderr print(res.decode())
tran.close()
私钥是字符串:
import paramiko from io import StringIO key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8 NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e 7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+ c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8 S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6 01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65 lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA 539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8 RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg 9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/ pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj 98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI +MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0= -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----""" private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str)) transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22)) transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') result = stdout.read() transport.close() print(result)
三、使用paramiko上传、下载文件 |
下载上传,使用SSHclient封装的Transport,注意(连接建立完成以后需要关闭通道tran.close())
通过用户名密码demo:
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ #Author:wd host=('172.16.11.35',22) user='root' passwd='1234qwer' import paramiko tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port tran.connect(username=user,password=passwd) sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(tran) status=sftp.put('socket_client.py','/usr/local/socket_client.py')#上传文件 sftp.get('/root/skip.sh','skip.sh')#下载文件 print(status)#打印传输状态 tran.close()#关闭连接
通过公钥私钥方式demo:
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ #Author:wd import paramiko host=('172.16.11.35',22) user='root' private_key=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/Users/fangchaoliu/.ssh/id_rsa') tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port tran.connect(username=user,pkey=private_key) sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(tran) status=sftp.put('socket_client.py','/usr/local/socket_client.py')#上传文件 sftp.get('/root/skip.sh','skip.sh')#下载文件 print(status)#打印传输状态 tran.close()#关闭连接
简单跳板机实现:
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u # windows does not have termios... try: import termios import tty has_termios = True except ImportError: has_termios = False def interactive_shell(chan): if has_termios: posix_shell(chan) else: windows_shell(chan) def posix_shell(chan): import select oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') flag = False temp_list = [] while True: r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) if chan in r: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: sys.stdout.write(' *** EOF ') break if flag: if x.startswith(' '): pass else: temp_list.append(x) flag = False sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) import json if len(x) == 0: break if x == ' ': flag = True else: temp_list.append(x) if x == ' ': log.write(''.join(temp_list)) log.flush() temp_list.clear() chan.send(x) finally: termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF. ") def writeall(sock): while True: data = sock.recv(256) if not data: sys.stdout.write(' *** EOF *** ') sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) writer.start() try: while True: d = sys.stdin.read(1) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass def run(): default_username = getpass.getuser() username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username) if len(username) == 0: username = default_username hostname = input('Hostname: ') if len(hostname) == 0: print('*** Hostname required.') sys.exit(1) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,)) tran.start_client() default_auth = "p" auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth) if len(auth) == 0: auth = default_auth if auth == 'r': default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa') path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path) if len(path) == 0: path = default_path try: key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ') key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) tran.auth_publickey(username, key) else: pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname)) tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() interactive_shell(chan) chan.close() tran.close() if __name__ == '__main__': run()
带密钥方式:
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u # windows does not have termios... try: import termios import tty has_termios = True except ImportError: has_termios = False def interactive_shell(chan): if has_termios: posix_shell(chan) else: windows_shell(chan) def posix_shell(chan): import select oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') flag = False temp_list = [] while True: r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) if chan in r: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: sys.stdout.write(' *** EOF ') break if flag: if x.startswith(' '): pass else: temp_list.append(x) flag = False sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) import json if len(x) == 0: break if x == ' ': flag = True else: temp_list.append(x) if x == ' ': log.write(''.join(temp_list)) log.flush() temp_list.clear() chan.send(x) finally: termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF. ") def writeall(sock): while True: data = sock.recv(256) if not data: sys.stdout.write(' *** EOF *** ') sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) writer.start() try: while True: d = sys.stdin.read(1) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass def run(): default_username = getpass.getuser() username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username) if len(username) == 0: username = default_username hostname = input('Hostname: ') if len(hostname) == 0: print('*** Hostname required.') sys.exit(1) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,)) tran.start_client() default_auth = "p" auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth) if len(auth) == 0: auth = default_auth if auth == 'r': default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa') path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path) if len(path) == 0: path = default_path try: key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ') key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) tran.auth_publickey(username, key) else: pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname)) tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() interactive_shell(chan) chan.close() tran.close() if __name__ == '__main__': run()