• 现在分词做状语,到,非谓语动词


    http://www.newmarkman.com/gkyyyf/379/

    由探究从句背后的现在分词状语是为谓语动词的一种。

    非谓语动词是句子不是谓语的动词。除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分(主表宾定状宾补)。主要包括:

    • 不定式:to do
    • 动名词:
    • 现在分词+过去分词
    • 总的方式:3*主表宾定状宾补*不同时态

    1,动词不定式

    一般式

      It's nice to meet you.

      He seems to know a lot.

      we plan to pay a visit.

    进行时

      He seems to be reading in his room.

    完成时

      I regretted having told a lie.

    不定式作主语

      To finish the work in then minutes is very hard.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

    作表语:

      Her job is to clean the hall.

    作宾语:
      常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如

    复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.

      He was seen to cross the road. 

    作定语:

      I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。

      He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。

    作状语(通常表目的):

      He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。
      She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。

    注意:

    1. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词。
    agree to object to close to,come to,lead to,refer to,
    equal to,familiar to,point to,thank to,devote to,next to,belong to,be used to,look forward to
    3. 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
    区别:当使用for时,句中形容词修饰的是不定式;而用of时,句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。
    It’s necessary for you to study hard .(necessary 修饰 to study hard,表示学习努力是有必要的)
    It’s foolish of him to do it .(foolish 修饰逻辑主语him)
    与of 连用的形容词有:
    good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,…
    与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词:
    possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessary,…
    4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有:
    want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expect etc.
    5.不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况:若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make,let,have(表示“让、使”)、感官动词see,watch,look at,observe, notice,hear,listen to, feel时,不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀:“三使五看两听一感觉”。例如:
    Let's (to)go!走吧!
    He saw the thief (to)steal a lady’s cellphone.

    动名词:动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。

    现在分词:现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词(定语)和副词(状语)的句法功能。

    1.现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
      式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:

      They went to the park,singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

      Having done his homework,he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。

    作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
      放在名词后。
      In the following years he worked even harder.
      在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
      The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
      正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

    现在分词作表语:
      The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。

    作宾语补足语:
      如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
      see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。例如:
      Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
      He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

    现在分词作状语:
      ①作时间状语
      (While) Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.
      在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
      ②作原因状语:
      Being a League member,he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
      ③作方式状语,表示伴随:
      He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
      ④作条件状语
      (If) Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.
      要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
      ⑤作结果状语:
      He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
      ⑥作目的状语:
      He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
      ⑦作让步状语:
      Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
      虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
      ⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
      I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.
      我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
      All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.
      所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
      Time permitting,we'll do another two exercises.
      如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
      有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
      With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
      ⑨作独立成分:
      udging from(by) his appearance,he must be an actor.
      从外表看,他一定是个演员。
      Generally speaking,girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。

    过去分词作定语:注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做
      定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句

      Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
      Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

    过去分词作表语:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。

      The window is broken.(系表)
      The window was broken by the boy.(被动)

    过去分词作状语:

    Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.
      受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
      Once seen,it can never be forgotten.
      一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
      Given more time,I'll be able to do it better.
      如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
      Though told of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.
      虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
      Filled with hopes and fears,he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。、

    简单版本:https://www.jianshu.com/p/e1363d734252

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/vhyc/p/11846535.html
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