1>请阅读并运行AboutException.java示例,然后通过后面的几页PPT了解Java中实现异常处理的基础知识。
import javax.swing.*; class AboutException { public static void main(String[] a) { float i=1, j=0, k; k=i/j; System.out.println(k); try { k = i/j; // Causes division-by-zero exception //throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!"); } catch ( ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("被0除. "+ e.getMessage()); } catch (Exception e) { if (e instanceof ArithmeticException) System.out.println("被0除"); else { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } finally { JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK"); } } }
异常处理:Java中异常捕获语句
try{用于监控可能发生错误的语句}
catch(异常类型 异常对象引用)
{ 用于捕获并处理异常的代码 }
finally
{ //用于“善后” 的代码 }
不管是否有异常发生,finally语句块中的语句始终保证被执行。
2>阅读以下代码(CatchWho.java),写出程序运行结果:
public class CatchWho { public static void main(String[] args) { try { try { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(); } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch"); } throw new ArithmeticException(); } catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException"); } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch"); } } }
运行结果:
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException/内层try-catch
发生ArithmeticException
结果分析:当内层捕获异常并处理后,外层则不再捕获该异常。
3>写出CatchWho2.java程序运行的结果
public class CatchWho2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { try { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(); } catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch"); } throw new ArithmeticException(); } catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException"); } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch"); } } }
运行结果:
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException/外层try-catch
结果分析:当异常未被处理时无法接受新的异常。
4>请先阅读 EmbedFinally.java示例,再运行它,观察其输出并进行总结。
public class EmbededFinally { public static void main(String args[]) { int result; try { System.out.println("in Level 1"); try { System.out.println("in Level 2"); //result=100/0; //Level 2 try { System.out.println("in Level 3"); result=100/0; //Level 3 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString()); } finally { System.out.println("In Level 3 finally"); } // result=100/0; //Level 2 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString()); } finally { System.out.println("In Level 2 finally"); } // result = 100 / 0; //level 1 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString()); } finally { System.out.println("In Level 1 finally"); } } }
运行结果:
结果分析:当外层异常未被处理时,内层异常不会被处理并且finally也不会执行,当有多层嵌套的finally语句时,异常在不同层次不同位置抛出时,也会导致不同的finally语句块执行顺序。
5>finally语句块一定会执行吗?
请通过 SystemExitAndFinally.java示例程序回答上述问题
public class SystemExitAndFinally { public static void main(String[] args) { try{ System.out.println("in main"); throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main"); //System.exit(0); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); System.exit(0); } finally { System.out.println("in finally"); } } }
运行结果:
System.exit(0);
//System.exit(0);
运行结果:首先只有与finally对应的try语句得到执行的情况下finally语句才会执行,但如果finally语句之前出现例如System.exit(0) 等使Java虚拟机停止运行的语句时finally语句也不会被执行。
6>编写一个程序,此程序在运行时要求用户输入一个 整数,代表某门课的考试成绩,程序接着给出“不及格”、“及格”、“中”、“良”、“优”的结论。
import java.util.Scanner; class MyException extends Exception { MyException(String str) { super(str); } } class GradeTest{ private double grade; public void InputGrade(String s) { boolean flag = true; try { for(int i = 0;i<s.length();i++) { if((s.charAt(i) < '0' || s.charAt(i) > '9')&& s.charAt(i) != '.') flag = false; } if(!flag) { throw new MyException("请输入数字!"); } try{ grade = Double.parseDouble(s); if(grade < 0.0 || grade > 100.0) { throw new MyException("请输入0.0到100.0的数据!"); } if(grade < 60.0) System.out.println("不及格"); else if(grade <70.0) System.out.println("及格"); else if(grade < 80.0) System.out.println("中"); else if(grade < 90.0) System.out.println("良"); else System.out.println("优"); } catch(MyException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } catch(MyException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } } public class Grade { public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); GradeTest G = new GradeTest(); System.out.println("请输入成绩:"); String str = in.nextLine(); G.InputGrade(str); in.close(); } }
运行结果: