Linux while 和 read 的用法

Reference: [ linux man doc ] [ CSDN roler_ ] [ Reads from the file descriptor]

read 命令说明

SYNTAX : read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]

**OPTIONS ** :

-r : 忽视转义符

-s : 静默模式. 对于 [ 输入密码 ] 的需求.

-a ARRAY_NAME : 将输入的字符存入数组.

-d : 用 -d 参数值的第一个字符定义结束符. 默认为换行符.

-n NUMBER: 输入 -n 参数值定义的字符个数时, 自动结束. 当使用 Enter 时, 结束交互.

-N NUMBER : 输入 -N 指定参数的字符个数时, 自动结束. 当使用 Enter 的时候, 不结束交互.

-p CONTENT : 交互时的提示信息

-t NUMBER: 超时时间, 单位 : 秒 (s)

-u FD: 从文件描述符中获取输入

EXAMPLES

read 如果不指定变量名称, 则输入的值默认赋给: REPLY

$read
First Line
$echo $REPLY
First Line

-s : 静默模式

$read -s -p "Input Your Password:" PASSWD
Input Your Password:

$echo $PASSWD
testpass

-a : 读入数据存入数组

$read -a number_array -p "Input number sequence:"
Input number sequence:10 20 50 100
$
$for n in ${number_array[@]}; do echo $n;done
10
20
50
100

-u : 从文件描述符读入数据

#!/bin/bash
# Let us assign the file descriptor to file for input fd # 3 is Input file 
exec 3< /etc/resolv.conf

# Let us assign the file descriptor to file for output fd # 3 is Input file 
exec 4> /tmp/output.txt
 
# Use read command to read first line of the file
read -u 3 a b

echo "*** My pid is $$"
mypid=$$

echo "*** Currently open files by $0 scripts.."

ls -l /proc/$mypid/fd

# Close fd # 3 and # 4
exec 3<&-
exec 4>&-

while read 的用法

从标准输入读取

while read line
do 
    echo $line
done</etc/resolv.conf

# result
; generated by /usr/sbin/dhclient-script
search lvrpf0txgxle3htzsh2w1rj15g.hx.internal.cloudapp.net
nameserver 168.63.129.16

从管道读取

$cat /etc/resolv.conf | while read line;do echo $line;done

# result
; generated by /usr/sbin/dhclient-script
search lvrpf0txgxle3htzsh2w1rj15g.hx.internal.cloudapp.net
nameserver 168.63.129.16

从文件描述符读取

#!/bin/bash
# Shell script utility to read a file line line.
FILE="$1"

# make sure filename supplied at a shell prompt else die
[ $# -eq 0 ] && { echo "Usage: $0 filename"; exit 1; } 

# make sure file exist else die
[ ! -f $FILE ] && { echo "Error - File $FILE does not exists." ; exit 2; }

# make sure file readonly else die
[ ! -r $FILE ] && { echo "Error - Can not read $FILE file."; exit 3; }

IFS=$(echo -en "
")

exec 3<$FILE
while read -u 3 -r line
do
	echo $line
done

# Close fd # 3
exec 3<&-

# exit with 0 success status 
exit 0

定义分隔符

利用环境变量: IFS 可以定义分隔符

while IFS=: read user _ _ _ _ home shell
do
    echo "user: $user.   home: $home.    shell: $shell"
done</etc/passwd