• ansible剧本--day05--流程管理


    ansible流程控制

    playbook条件语句

    • 使用场景
    # 使用场景
    1.我们使用不同的系统的时候,可以通过判断系统来对软件包进行安装。
    2.在nfs和rsync安装过程中,客户端服务器不需要推送配置文件,之前我们都是写多个play,会影响效率。
    3.我们在源码安装nginx的时候,执行第二遍就无法执行了,此时我们就可以进行判断是否安装过。
    
    • 根据不同操作系统安装apache
    # 注意:
    	· ansible_fqdn 为主机清单中指定主机名
    
    # 官方实例
    tasks:
      - name: "shut down Debian flavored systems"
        command: /sbin/shutdown -t now
        when: ansible_facts['os_family'] == "Debian"
        # note that all variables can be used directly in conditionals without double curly braces
        
    # 操作演示:一
    - hosts: web_group
      tasks:
        - name: Install CentOS Httpd
          yum:
            name: httpd
            state: present
        #官方
          when: ansible_facts['os_family'] == "CentOS"
        #非官方
          when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS"
    
        - name: Install Ubuntu Httpd
          yum:
            name: apache2
            state: present
          when: ansible_facts['os_family'] == "Ubuntu"
          
    # 操作演示: 二
      - hosts: all
      tasks:
        - name: Install Rsync Server
          yum:
            name: rsync
            state: present
          when: ansible_fqdn == 'backup' or ansible_fqdn == 'nfs'	 # 当主机位backup或者是nfs才安装
    
        - name: Configure Rsync Conf
          copy:
            src: /root/ansible/rsync/rsyncd.conf
            dest: /etc/rsyncd.conf
          when: ansible_fqdn == 'backup'			    # 只有主机名为backup才能copy
    
        - name: Install Nginx
          yum:
            name: nginx
            state: present
          when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'			# 类似于通配符,这里指主机名为web开头的主机
          
     # 操作演示: 三  
     注释:此处when信息最后是将信息结果变成int(整行)再来和6作比较
     tasks:
      - shell: echo "only on Red Hat 6, derivatives, and later"
        when: ansible_facts['os_family'] == "RedHat" and ansible_facts['lsb']['major_release']|int >= 6
    

    playbook循环语句

    在之前的过程中,我们经常会有传送文件,创建目录之类的操作,创建2个目录就要写两个file模块来创建,如果要创建100个目录,我们需要写100个file模块???妈耶~~~~ 当然不是,只要有循环即可,减少重复性代码。
    
    # 演示-- 启动多个服务
    - hosts: web_group
      tasks:
        - name: start service
          systemd:
            name: "{{ item }}"
            state: started
          with_items:
            - httpd
            - php-fpm
            - mariadb
            
    # 演示--变量循环
    - name: ensure a list of packages installed
      yum:
        name: "{{ packages }}"
      vars:
        packages:
        - httpd
        - httpd-tools
       
    # 演示-- 字典循环
    解释一波:item为固定值,点后面可随意命名,这里的意思是做循环下面有两个循环体,则循环两次对应就会创建两个用户
    [root@m01 ~]# cat loop.yml
    - hosts: web_group
      tasks:
        - name: Add Users
          user:
            name: "{{ item.name }}"
            groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
            state: present
          with_items:
            - { name: 'zls', groups: 'linux' }
            - { name: 'egon', groups: 'python' }
            
     # 演示---拷贝文件
     解释一波:这里就是将三个目录都拷贝到web_gorup主机组中,分别对应不同目的地,同时进行授权操作
     - hosts: web_group
      tasks:
        - name: copy conf and code
          copy:
            src: "{{ item.src }}"
            dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
            mode: "{{ item.mode }}"
          with_items:
            - { src: "./httpd.conf", dest: "/etc/httpd/conf/", mode: "0644" }
            - { src: "./upload_file.php", dest: "/var/www/html/", mode: "0600" }
            
    

    playbook handlers (触发器)

    # 什么是触发器呢???
    handler用来执行某些条件下的任务,比如当配置文件发生变化的时候,通过notify触发handler去重启服务。
    在saltstack中也有类似的触发器,写法相对Ansible简单,只需要watch,配置文件即可。
    
    # 注意:
    注意:
    1.无论多少个task通知了相同的handlers,handlers仅会在所有tasks结束后运行一次。
    2.Handlers只有在其所在的任务被执行时,才会被运行;如果一个任务中定义了notify调用Handlers,但是由于条件判断等原因,该任务未被执行,那么Handlers同样不会被执行。
    3.Handlers只会在每一个play的末尾运行一次;如果想在一个playbook中间运行Handlers,则需要使用meta模块来实现。例如: -meta: flush_handlers。
    4.如果一个play在运行到调用Handlers的语句之前失败了,那么这个Handlers将不会被执行。我们可以使用meta模块的--force-handlers选项来强制执行Handlers,即使Handlers所在的play中途运行失败也能执行。
    5.不能使用handlers替代tasks
    
    是不是发现有点难以理解???没错确实是这样!!!
    我来说点通俗易懂的,首次执行脚本,触发器是不会被触发的,当第二次或者多次执行时,如果页面还出现了黄色提示,那么说明信息有变动,那么就要看你的触发信息有没有写在黄色提示这一块,如果写了,那么触发对应值,如果没有写,那么就算黄色,也只是黄色。。。。。
    
    # 操作演示
    [root@m01 ~]# cat handler.yml 
    - hosts: web_group
      vars:
        - http_port: 8080
      tasks:
        - name: Install Http Server
          yum:
            name: httpd
            state: present
    
        - name: config httpd server
          template:
            src: ./httpd.j2
            dest: /etc/httpd/conf
          notify: 
            - Restart Httpd Server			# 若执行剧本为黄色变化,则执行触发器名
            - Restart PHP Server			# 若执行剧本为黄色变化,则执行触发器名
    
        - name: start httpd server
          service:
            name:httpd
            state: started
            enabled: yes
    
      handlers:							  # 触发值
        - name: Restart Httpd Server		# 若上面触发器名和此处对应,则执行此处信息
          systemd:
            name: httpd
            state: restarted 
    
        - name: Restart PHP Server			# 若上面触发器名和此处对应,则执行此处信息
          systemd:
            name: php-fpm
            state: restarted
    

    playbook任务标签

    # 标签存在意义
    默认情况下,Ansible在执行一个playbook时,会执行playbook中定义的所有任务,Ansible的标签(tag)功能可以给单独任务甚至整个playbook打上标签,然后利用这些标签来指定要运行playbook中的个别任务,或不执行指定的任务。
    
    # 打标签方式
    1.对一个task打一个标签
    2.对一个task打多个标签
    3.对多个task打一个标签
    
    # 打完标签如何使用
    -t:执行指定的tag标签任务
    --skip-tags:执行--skip-tags之外的标签任务
    
    # 操作演示--使用tag
    [root@m01 m01]# cat tag.yml 
    - hosts: web_group
      vars:
        - http_port: 8080
      tasks:
        - name: Install Http Server
          yum:
            name: httpd
            state: present
          tags: 
            - install_httpd
            - httpd_server
    
        - name: configure httpd server
          template:
            src: ./httpd.j2
            dest: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
          notify: Restart Httpd Server
          tags: 
            - config_httpd
            - httpd_server
    
        - name: start httpd server
          service:
            name: httpd
            state: started
            enabled: yes
          tags: service_httpd
    
      handlers:
        - name: Restart Httpd Server
          systemd:
            name: httpd
            state: restarted 
    
    [root@m01 m01]# ansible-playbook tag.yml --list-tags
    [root@m01 m01]# ansible-playbook tag.yml -t httpd_server
    [root@m01 m01]# ansible-playbook tag.yml -t install_httpd,confiure_httpd
    [root@m01 m01]# ansible-playbook tag.yml --skip-tags httpd_server
    

    playbook文件复用

    # 使用好处
    在之前写playbook的过程中,我们发现,写多个playbook没有办法,一键执行,这样我们还要单个playbook挨个去执行,很鸡肋。所以在playbook中有一个功能,叫做include用来动态调用task任务列表。
    
    # 说明
    只调用task:include_tasks
    调用整个task文件:include (新版本:import_playbook)
    在saltstack中,叫做top file入口文件。
    
    # 示例一:
    [root@m01 m01]# cat task.yml 			# 只需要执行这一个文件,也就执行了下面三个文件
    - hosts: web_group
      vars:
        - http_port: 8080
    
      tasks:
        - include_tasks: task_install.yml
        - include_tasks: task_configure.yml
        - include_tasks: task_start.yml
    
      handlers:
        - name: Restart Httpd Server
          systemd:
            name: httpd
            state: restarted
    
    [root@m01 m01]# cat task_install.yml 
    - name: Install Http Server
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present
    
    [root@m01 m01]# cat task_configure.yml 
    - name: configure httpd server
      template:
        src: ./httpd.j2
        dest: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify: Restart Httpd Server
    
    [root@m01 m01]# cat task_start.yml 
    - name: start httpd server
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: started
        enabled: yes
    
    # 新版本方法:
    - import_playbook: httpd.yml
    - import_playbook: nfs.yml
    - import_playbook: rsync.yml
    
    # 老版本方法:
    - include: httpd.yml
    - include: nfs.yml
    - include: rsync.yml
    

    playbook错误忽略

    # 当执行剧本时,当有一个错误过不去,下面的任务也无法执行,使用错误忽略可对错误不管,继续执行
    [root@m01 ~]# cat ignore.yml
    ---
    - hosts: web_group
      tasks:
        - name: Ignore False
          command: /bin/false
          ignore_errors: yes			# 加多此行信息即为对此信息忽略
          
        - name: touch new file
          file:
            path: /tmp/zls.txt
            state: touch
    

    playbook错误处理

    如上所述,当task执行失败时,playbook将不再继续执行,包括如果在task中设置了handler也不会被执行。
    但是我们可以采取强制措施...
    
    # 强制调用handlder
    [root@m01 ~]# cat handler.yml 
    - hosts: web_group
      vars:
        - http_port: 8080
      force_handlers: yes
      tasks:
    
        - name: config httpd server
          template:
            src: ./httpd.j2
            dest: /etc/httpd/conf
          notify: 
            - Restart Httpd Server
            - Restart PHP Server
    
        - name: Install Http Server
          yum:
            name: htttpd
            state: present
    
        - name: start httpd server
          service:
            name:httpd
            state: started
            enabled: yes
    
      handlers:
        - name: Restart Httpd Server
          systemd:
            name: httpd
            state: restarted 
    
        - name: Restart PHP Server
          systemd:
            name: php-fpm
            state: restarted
    

    抑制changed

    # 被管理主机没有发生变化,可以使用参数将change状态改为ok
    
    [root@m01 ~]# cat handler.yml 
    - hosts: web_group
      vars:
        - http_port: 8080
      force_handlers: yes
      tasks:
        - name: shell
          shell: netstat -lntup|grep httpd
          register: check_httpd
          changed_when: false
    
        - name: debug
          debug: msg={{ check_httpd.stdout.lines }}
          
          
       -----------------------------------
       [root@m01 project2]# cat changed_when.yml 
    - hosts: webservers
      vars:
        - http_port: 8080
      tasks:
        - name: configure httpd server
          template:
            src: ./httpd.j2
            dest: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
          notify: Restart Httpd Server
    
        - name: Check HTTPD
          shell: /usr/sbin/httpd -t
          register: httpd_check
          changed_when: 
            - httpd_check.stdout.find('OK')
            - false
    
        - name: start httpd server
          service:
            name: httpd
            state: started
            enabled: yes
    
      handlers:
        - name: Restart Httpd Server
          systemd:
            name: httpd
            state: restarted 
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tcy1/p/13121842.html
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