使用C#创建Windows服务

使用C#创建Windows服务
https://www.cnblogs.com/cncc/p/7170951.html

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一、开发环境

操作系统：Windows 10 X64

开发环境：VS2015

编程语言：C#

.NET版本：.NET Framework 4.0

目标平台：X86

二、创建Windows Service

1、新建一个Windows Service，并将项目名称改为“MyWindowsService”，如下图所示：

2、在解决方案资源管理器内将Service1.cs改为MyService1.cs后并点击“查看代码”图标按钮进入代码编辑器界面，如下图所示：

3、在代码编辑器内如入以下代码，如下所示：

using System;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.IO;
namespace MyWindowsService

{

public partial class MyService : ServiceBase

{

public MyService()

{

InitializeComponent();

}
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span> filePath = <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">@"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">D:\MyServiceLog.txt</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">protected</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">override</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> OnStart(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">[] args)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (FileStream stream = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> FileStream(filePath,FileMode.Append))
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (StreamWriter writer = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> StreamWriter(stream))
        {
            writer.WriteLine($</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">{DateTime.Now},服务启动！</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">protected</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">override</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> OnStop()
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (FileStream stream = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Append))
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (StreamWriter writer = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> StreamWriter(stream))
        {
            writer.WriteLine($</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">{DateTime.Now},服务停止！</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
        }
    }
}

}

4、双击项目“MyWindowsService”进入“MyService”设计界面，在空白位置右击鼠标弹出上下文菜单，选中“添加安装程序”，如下图所示：

5、此时软件会生成两个组件，分别为“serviceInstaller1”及“serviceProcessInstaller1”，如下图所示：

6、点击“serviceInstaller1”，在“属性”窗体将ServiceName改为MyService，Description改为我的服务，StartType保持为Manual，如下图所示：

7、点击“serviceProcessInstaller1”，在“属性”窗体将Account改为LocalSystem（服务属性系统级别），如下图所示：

8、鼠标右键点击项目“MyWindowsService”，在弹出的上下文菜单中选择“生成”按钮，如下图所示：

9、至此，Windows服务已经创建完毕。

三、创建安装、启动、停止、卸载服务的Windows窗体

1、在同一个解决方案里新建一个Windows Form项目，并命名为WindowsServiceClient，如下图所示：

2、将该项目设置为启动项目，并在窗体内添加四个按钮，分别为安装服务、启动服务、停止服务及卸载服务，如下图所示：

3、按下F7进入代码编辑界面，引用“System.ServiceProcess”及“System.Configuration.Install”，并输入如下代码：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Configuration.Install;
namespace WindowsServiceClient

{

public partial class Form1 : Form

{

public Form1()

{

InitializeComponent();

}

string serviceFilePath = $"{Application.StartupPath}\MyWindowsService.exe";

string serviceName = "MyService";
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">事件：安装服务</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> button1_Click(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">object</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>.IsServiceExisted(serviceName)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.UninstallService(serviceName);
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.InstallService(serviceFilePath);
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">事件：启动服务</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> button2_Click(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">object</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>.IsServiceExisted(serviceName)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.ServiceStart(serviceName);
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">事件：停止服务</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> button4_Click(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">object</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>.IsServiceExisted(serviceName)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.ServiceStop(serviceName);
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">事件：卸载服务</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> button3_Click(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">object</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
        {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.ServiceStop(serviceName);
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.UninstallService(serviceFilePath);
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">判断服务是否存在</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">bool</span> IsServiceExisted(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceName)
    {
        ServiceController[] services </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceController.GetServices();
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">foreach</span> (ServiceController sc <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">in</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> services)
        {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (sc.ServiceName.ToLower() ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceName.ToLower())
            {
                </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
            }
        }
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">false</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">安装服务</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> InstallService(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceFilePath)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (AssemblyInstaller installer = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> AssemblyInstaller())
        {
            installer.UseNewContext </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
            installer.Path </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceFilePath;
            IDictionary savedState </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Hashtable();
            installer.Install(savedState);
            installer.Commit(savedState);
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">卸载服务</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> UninstallService(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceFilePath)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (AssemblyInstaller installer = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> AssemblyInstaller())
        {
            installer.UseNewContext </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
            installer.Path </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceFilePath;
            installer.Uninstall(</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
        }
    }
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">启动服务</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> ServiceStart(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceName)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (ServiceController control = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceController(serviceName))
        {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (control.Status ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)
            {
                control.Start();
            }
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">停止服务</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> ServiceStop(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceName)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (ServiceController control = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceController(serviceName))
        {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (control.Status ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceControllerStatus.Running)
            {
                control.Stop();
            }
        }
    }
}

}

4、为了后续调试服务及安装卸载服务的需要，将已生成的MyWindowsService.exe引用到本Windows窗体，如下图所示：

5、由于需要安装服务，故需要使用UAC中Administrator的权限，鼠标右击项目“WindowsServiceClient”，在弹出的上下文菜单中选择“添加”->“新建项”，在弹出的选择窗体中选择“应用程序清单文件”并单击确定，如下图所示：

6、打开该文件，并将<requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />改为<requestedExecutionLevel  level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" />，如下图所示：

7、IDE启动后，将会弹出如下所示的窗体（有的系统因UAC配置有可能不显示），需要用管理员权限打开：

8、重新打开后，在IDE运行WindowsServiceClient项目；

9、使用WIN+R的方式打开运行窗体，并在窗体内输入services.msc后打开服务，如下图所示：

10、点击窗体内的“安装服务”按钮，将会在服务中出现MyService，如下图所示：

11、点击“运行服务”按钮，将启动并运行服务，如下所示：

12、点击“停止服务”按钮，将会停止运行服务，如下图所示：

13、点击“卸载服务”按钮，将会从服务中删除MyService服务。

14、以上启动及停止服务将会写入D:\MyServiceLog.txt，内容如下所示：

源代码下载：

http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kVza3Bp

补充：如何调试服务

1、要调试服务，其实很简单，如需将服务附加进程到需要调试的项目里面即可，假如要调试刚才建的服务，现在OnStop事件里设置断点，如下所示：

 

2、启动“WindowsServiceClient”项目，在“调试”菜单中选择“附件到进程”（服务必须事先安装），如下所示：

3、找到“MyWindowsService.exe”，点击“附加”按钮，如下图所示：

4、点击“停止服务”按钮，程序将会在设置断点的地方中断，如下图所示：