【软件安装】CentOS7上安装FTP软件——VSFTPD服务搭建

一、前言介绍

FTP（文件传输协议）是一种标准的客户机-服务器网络协议，允许用户在远程网络之间传输文件。

有几个开源的FTP服务器可用于Linux。最受欢迎和广泛使用的是pureftpd、proftpd和vsftpd。

在本教程中，我们将在Centos7上安装vsftpd（非常安全的ftp守护进程）。它是一个稳定、安全和快速的FTP服务器。我们还将向您展示如何配置vsftpd，以将用户限制到其主目录，并使用ssl/tls加密整个传输。

要获得更安全和更快的数据传输，请使用SCP或SFTP。

二、先决条件

在继续本教程之前，请确保您以具有sudo权限的用户身份登录。(root 登录可以不用sudo 一般可以省略sudo )

sudo的工作过程如下：

1，当用户执行sudo时，系统会主动寻找/etc/sudoers文件，判断该用户是否有执行sudo的权限

2，确认用户具有可执行sudo的权限后，让用户输入用户自己的密码确认

3，若密码输入成功，则开始执行sudo后续的命令

4，root执行sudo时不需要输入密码(eudoers文件中有配置root ALL=(ALL) ALL这样一条规则)

5，若欲切换的身份与执行者的身份相同，也不需要输入密码

visudo使用vi打开/etc/sudoers文件，但是在保存退出时，visudo会检查内部语法，避免用户输入错误信息

visudo需要root权限

[hadoop@localhost ~]$ visudo
visudo：/etc/sudoers：权限不够
visudo：/etc/sudoers：权限不够

三、在CentOS 7上安装vsftpd

1、vsftpd包在默认的CentOS存储库中可用。要安装它，请发出以下命令：

sudo yum install vsftpd

2、安装包后，启动vsftpd守护进程并使其在启动时自动启动，vsftpd服务的状态来验证它是否正在运行

 #设置开机启动
systemctl enable vsftpd.service

#启动
systemctl start vsftpd.service

#停止
systemctl stop vsftpd.service

#查看状态
systemctl status vsftpd.service

#重启
systemctl restart vsftpd.service

具体操作如下，操作完成之后都要重启启动并且查看状态的

[root@centos001 ~]# sudo yum install vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                                                                                                    | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                                                                                    | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                  | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
packages-microsoft-com-prod                                                                                             | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                 | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================
 Package                          Arch                             Version                                Repository                      Size
===============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 vsftpd                           x86_64                           3.0.2-25.el7                           base                           171 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 171 k
Installed size: 353 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                          | 171 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  1/1 
  Verifying  : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  1/1 

Installed:
  vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7                                                                                                                 

Complete!
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo systemctl start vsftpd
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo systemctl enable vsftpd
[root@centos001 ~]# systemctl status vsftpd
● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-05-08 22:48:51 CST; 48s ago
 Main PID: 9652 (vsftpd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
           └─9652 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

May 08 22:48:51 centos001 systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
May 08 22:48:51 centos001 systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.
[root@centos001 ~]#

四、配置vsftpd（重点标记，我自己错误了好多次才成功的，错了就删除了重新配置）

　　配置vsftpd服务涉及编辑/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf配置文件。大多数设置都在配置文件中有很好的文档记录。有关所有可用选项，请访问官方vsftpd页面。 http://vsftpd.beasts.org/vsftpd_conf.html（官方介绍，比较好用，英文不好的戳这里：https://www.cnblogs.com/sopcce/p/10743359.html）

在下面的部分中，我们将介绍配置安全vsftpd安装所需的一些重要设置。

1、首先打开vsftpd配置文件：

 vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

2、编辑配置文件( 配置文件 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf,修改:wq )

anonymous_enable=N0
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
xferlog_std_format=YES
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list 
userlist_deny=YES
user_sub_token=$USER 
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp 
pasv_min_port=30000 
pasv_max_port=31000

原来的配置文件如下，记得备份文件哦

[root@centos-7-06-64-20G ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

注意：配置完成之后，（重启）服务，如果服务异常，请输入（查看状态命令）服务，服务具体错误有提示。

例如下图，错误提示信息给出来了，你查看错误发现你输入的信息也对，为啥有这个提示，

请相信你的PC，你输入有问题，看下你的空格，空格，空格

我的配置文件

[root@centos-7-06-64-20G ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

#ADD 201900509
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
userlist_deny=YES
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/

allow_writeable_chroot=YES

pasv_min_port=30000
pasv_max_port=31000

3、设置root 账号登录权限

编辑一下文件，重启服务查看状态。

vi  /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers  注释掉 #root
vi  /etc/vsftpd/user_list 注释掉 #root
vi  /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf write_enable=YES

具体操作如下

[root@centos001 ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd
[root@centos001 vsftpd]# ls
ftpusers  user_list  vsftpd.conf  vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
[root@centos001 vsftpd]# vi user_list
[root@centos001 vsftpd]# vi ftpusers
[root@centos001 vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd.service
[root@centos001 vsftpd]# systemctl status vsftpd.service
● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-05-09 00:08:15 CST; 7s ago
  Process: 10007 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 10008 (vsftpd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
           └─10008 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

May 09 00:08:15 centos001 systemd[1]: Stopping Vsftpd ftp daemon...
May 09 00:08:15 centos001 systemd[1]: Stopped Vsftpd ftp daemon.
May 09 00:08:15 centos001 systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
May 09 00:08:15 centos001 systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.
[root@centos001 vsftpd]#

4、安装FTP,测试

输入、

yum install ftp

具体操作如下

[root@centos-7-06-64-20G ~]# yum install ftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ftp.x86_64 0:0.17-67.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================
 Package                        Arch                              Version                                Repository                       Size
===============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 ftp                            x86_64                            0.17-67.el7                            base                             61 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 61 k
Installed size: 96 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                              |  61 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64                                                                                                      1/1 
  Verifying  : ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64                                                                                                      1/1 

Installed:
  ftp.x86_64 0:0.17-67.el7                                                                                                                     

Complete!
[root@centos-7-06-64-20G ~]#

测试本地FTP

[root@centos-7-06-64-20G ~]# ftp 
ftp> open 127.0.0.1
Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1).
220 welcome to 39...120 ftp vsftpd server.
Name (127.0.0.1:root): root
530 Permission denied.
Login failed.
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.

五、配置vsftpd 创建FTP用户

为了测试我们的FTP服务器，我们将创建一个新用户。

如果您已经拥有要授予FTP访问权限的用户，请跳过第1步。
如果在配置文件中设置allow_writeable_chroot = YES，请跳过第3步。
创建一个名为sopftpuser的新用户：

1、创建一个名为sopftpuser的新用户，接下来，设置用户密码

sudo adduser sopftpuser
sudo passwd sopftpuser

2、将用户添加到允许的FTP用户列表中

 echo "sopftpuser" | sudo tee -a /etc/vsftpd/user_list

3、创建FTP目录树并设置正确的权限

 sudo mkdir -p /home/sopftpuser/ftp/

 sudo chmod 550 /home/sopftpuser/ftp

 sudo chmod 750 /home/sopftpuser/ftp/

 sudo chown -R sopftpuser: /home/sopftpuser/ftp

如上一节所述，用户可以将其文件上传到ftp / upload目录。

此时，您的FTP服务器功能齐全，您应该可以使用任何可配置为使用TLS加密的FTP客户端（如FileZilla）连接到您的服务器

[root@centos001 ~]# sudo adduser sopftpuser
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo passwd sopftpuser
Changing password for user sopftpuser.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
Sorry, passwords do not match.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password fails the dictionary check - it does not contain enough DIFFERENT characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@centos001 ~]# echo "sopftpuser" | sudo tee -a /etc/vsftpd/user_list
sopftpuser
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo mkdir -p /home/sopftpuser/ftp/
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo chmod 550 /home/sopftpuser/ftp
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo chmod 750 /home/sopftpuser/ftp/upload
chmod: cannot access ‘/home/sopftpuser/ftp/upload’: No such file or directory
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo chmod 750 /home/sopftpuser/ftp
[root@centos001 ~]# sudo chown -R sopftpuser: /home/sopftpuser/ftp
[root@centos001 ~]#

六、卸载（出错了，你就卸载了在重新安装，或者修改你的配置文件，此操作我做了多次，毕竟是萌新）

如果服务器上安装了vsftpd，配置出错需要卸载vsftpd

rpm -aq vsftpd

卸载vsftpd

rpm -e vsftpd-3.0.3

#用rpm -e 查找结果进行删除就ok了。

　warning: /etc/vsftpd/user_list saved as /etc/vsftpd/user_list.rpmsave
　warning: /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers saved as /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers.rpmsave #删除时将备份vsftp的用户列表文件。

七、结论

您学习了如何在CentOS 7系统上安装和配置安全，输入用户名和密码,登录FTP。

八、相关资料

》查看https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-setup-ftp-server-with-vsftpd-on-centos-7/，本文大部分是参看它的介绍，

但是在此基础上做了增加，但是其中遇到了很多的坑，哎

》查看https://www.cnblogs.com/sopcce/p/10743359.html 本文介绍了配置文件，

包括特别多，对ftp 访问的授权，访问的目录等，还在慢慢看中

解决：

setenforce: SELinux is disabled

那么说明selinux已经被彻底的关闭了

如果需要重新开启selinux，请按下面步骤：

vi /etc/selinux/config

更改为：SELINUX=1

必须重启linux，不重启是没办法立刻开启selinux的

关闭

1 命令查看出selinux的状态

sestatus -v

2 临时关闭 selinux

setenforce 0

3 永久关闭selinux

vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

把里边的一行改为

SELINUX=disabled

setenforce 1 设置SELinux 成为enforcing模式

setenforce 0 设置SELinux 成为permissive模式

如果要彻底禁用SELinux 需要在/etc/sysconfig/selinux中设置参数selinux=0

更新日期：2019-04-21

vi

作者：Dotnet小小秋

出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/sopcce/

本文版权归作者和博客园共有，欢迎转载，但必须给出原文链接，并保留此段声明，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。

嗨，如果有问题可以加QQ:1058848735 询问的哦，技术的道路上，求知求解共同探讨

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/sopcce/p/10743241.html