Before we get started building any WordPress Theme, we’re going to need to get our development tools in place. In this post, we’ll run through the best of the best and build ourselves a cross-platform WordPress Theme test environment that would do a professional Theme developer proud.
着手构建WordPress主题之前，我们需要安装一些工具，本文中，将使用一些最好的开发工具，以构建我们的跨平台WordPress主题测试环境。
A Local Test Server: XAMPP or MAMP
The best place to develop your custom WordPress Theme is off the web, on your home computer. To do that though, you’ll need to turn your computer into a “local server”, essentially approximating the program suite on a regular web server (Apache, MySQL and PHP). This means you can install WordPress on your home computer.
Installing these separate server programs can be technically challenging, but luckily for us there are a couple of free programs that will install and manage all this for us.
If you’re on a Windows computer, you’ll want to try out XAMPP.
If you’re running a Mac, you’ll want to download MAMP. It’s what I use and it does the trick.
Developing on a remote server
If you would prefer to develop on a remote server (such as at HostGator, Blue Host, etc), you’ll need to access your site with an FTP client. For more help with FTP, visit the WordPress Codex page on the subject: http://codex.wordpress.org/FTP_Clients
Don’t have an FTP client? You’ll need to install one. Here are some free possibilities:
CyberDuck – for Mac and Windows. FileZilla – This works on Macs, PCs and Linux. After you’ve downloaded and installed an FTP client, you need to connect to your website through it. Refer to your chosen client’s documentation to learn how to do this.
Once connected to your site, you’re ready to install WordPress!
WordPress
Of course, we’ll need to download the latest version of WordPress and get it correctly installed on your local test server.
If you’re using XAMPP, follow these instructions for installing WordPress on your local test server.
If you’re using MAMP, follow these instructions for installing WordPress on your local test server.
If you’re using a remote server, follow these instructions for uploading WordPress to a remote host.
Dummy Content
Your WordPress installation is going to need some sample, or dummy, content. Something to theme. In your WordPress admin, navigate to Tools > Import and choose WordPress from the list of options. Now we only need a WXR post data file to import.
There are a couple of options:
The Theme Unit Test data WPCandy Sample Content Each of these test data sets has their pluses and minuses. One thing I like to do is import all the dummy content I can. Everything. That way nothing gets missed. When you think you’re done with your theme, use the post navigation to browse through each post. Check out the archives for the month and year and category. With robust dummy content, it’ll be easy to see if something’s amiss.
Add some “real” content, too!
In addition to dummy content, it’s also a good idea to have real content. Actual, live content that’s not just “Lorem Ipsum” or “Little Blind Text” repeated over and over. Grab some of your real content — from your blog if you have one, or from a document on your computer — and create some posts out of them. Less predictable than the standard dummy fare, real content paints a far more accurate picture of how your theme will function in a live environment (for a related read, check out Don’t let Lorem Ipsum decide the fonts used in your WordPress Themes by our own Takashi Irie).
Development Guidelines
If you’re interested in developing with current best practices, the Theme Review Guidelines Codex page is a great place to start.
Essential plugins
You’ll want to grab a copy of the Developer Plugin, brought to you by Code Wranglers at Automattic. Upon activation, it’ll suggest a ton of additional plugins that you can install at the click of a button to help you optimize your WordPress development environment and test your WordPress themes for best coding practices. Check out our brief overview of the Developer Plugin for more information.
The Monster Widget, written by our very own Michael Fields, is another must-have plugin for theme developers. By dragging just one monster widget onto your sidebar, you can test all of the WordPress core widgets in your theme at once!
A Text Editor
You won’t need any special graphics software for creating WordPress Themes — just a plain old text editor. But some are better than others, of course.
For Windows, you can try Notepad++. It’s free and open-source, and comes recommended by Lifehacker.
For the Mac, I recommend Text Wrangler.
Firefox
Of course, you can use any browser for web development but the one I recommend is Firefox. Especially with the following 2 add-ons that will make your life a whole lot easier when it comes to developing with WordPress.
The Web Developer Add-on for Firefox adds a toolbar that gives you a whole host of options for inspecting and debugging your code, from disabling all CSS styles to validating local HTML (that’s the stuff happening on the browser screen of your test server).
The Firebug Add-on for Firefox is indispensable. With Firebug enabled, you can right-click on any element in your browser window and see—in a window at the bottom of the screen—how it looks in the source code. You’ll also be able to view every single style rule that is affecting that particular element. You can turn style rules off and on to see the effect. You can even add or modify rules and see the changes in real time.
Firefox versions 10 and higher have a built-in web inspector that, like Firebug, also lets you click on an element to view a window with the source code. This web inspector, while useful, does not fully replace the features and power of Firebug.
推荐使用FireFox调试， Chrome和Safari也可以。
Safari and Chrome
If Firefox is not your cup of tea, Safari and Google Chrome are worthy alternatives. Both contain built-in development tools similar to Firebug. You can read more about Safari’s web development tools here, and here is documentation about the development tools in Chrome.
HTML and CSS
I won’t lie, a passing familiarity with basic HTML and CSS will help you out. I recommend reading through the HTML Dog HTML Beginner Tutorial and the HTML Dog CSS Beginner Tutorial. To get up to speed on HTML 5, take a look at the Element Index from HTML5 Doctor. Reading through these tutorials is completely optional, but it won’t hurt and will help you grasp some basic concepts.
PHP
But what about PHP? Don’t you need to know PHP to create a WordPress Theme? Well, yes, you do. But I’ll be teaching you enough to be dangerous with a WordPress Theme as we go along. If you want to be a keener—always recommended—you can start reading through PHP 101: PHP for the Absolute Beginner. Again, completely optional. You’ll only need to pick up the basic concepts really.