linux 磁盘df 100% 查找大文件

转自http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/4391859.html

在Windows系统中，我们可以使用TreeSize工具查找一些大文件或文件夹，非常的方便高效，在Linux系统中，如何去搜索一些比较大的文件呢？下面我整理了一下在Linux系统中如何查找大文件或文件夹的方法。

1： 如何查找大文件？

其实很多时候，你需要了解当前系统下有哪些大文件，比如文件大小超过100M或1G（阀值视具体情况而定）。那么如何把这些大文件搜索出来呢？例如我要搜索当前目录下，超过800M大小的文件

[root@getlnx01 u03]# pwd
/u03
[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1
./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf
./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf
./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf
./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf
./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf
./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf
./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

如上命令所示，我们仅仅能看到超过800M大小的文件的文件名称，但是对文件的信息（例如，文件大小、文件属性）一无所知，那么能否更详细显示一些文件属性或信息呢，当然可以，如下所示

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2782846976 Mar  6 11:51 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1878433792 Mar  6 11:53 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1378492416 Mar  6 11:54 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1641381888 Mar  6 11:56 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1564065792 Mar  6 11:58 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1663492096 Mar  6 12:00 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1368244224 Mar  6 12:02 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629069312 Mar  6 12:04 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629954048 Mar  6 12:06 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1202192384 Mar  6 12:07 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1189388288 Mar  6 12:10 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1089257472 Mar  6 12:11 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1097687040 Mar  6 12:12 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1051009024 Mar  6 12:13 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:07 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4194312192 Apr  1 22:36 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:54 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:57 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  1 22:35 ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:55 ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:15 ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

当我们只需要查找超过800M大小文件，并显示查找出来文件的具体大小，可以使用下面命令

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h
1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1
1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1
1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1
1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1
1.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1
1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1
1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1
1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1
1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1
1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1
1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1
1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1
2.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1
1.8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1
4.1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf
4.0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf
4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf
8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf
4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf
8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf
4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

如果你还需要对查找结果按照文件大小做一个排序，那么可以使用下面命令

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr
1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1
8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf
8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf
4.1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf
4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf
4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf
4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf
4.0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf
2.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1
1.8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1
1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1
1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1
1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1
1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1
1.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1
1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1
1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1
1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1
1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1
1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1
1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

不过如上截图所示，有时候排列的顺序并不完全是按大小一致，这个是因为du命令的参数h所致，你可以统一使用使用MB来显示，这样就能解决这个问题。到这里，这个在Linux系统查找大文件的命令已经非常完美了，当然如果你还有很多的需求，那么可以在这个命令上做修改、调整.

2: 如何查找Linux下的大目录

譬如有时候磁盘空间告警了，而你平时又疏于管理、监控文件的增长，那么我需要快速的了解哪些目录变得比较大，那么此时我们可以借助du命令来帮我们解决这个问题。

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=1
16K     ./lost+found
33G     ./flash_recovery_area
37G     ./oradata
70G     .

如果你想知道flash_recovery_area目录下面有哪些大文件夹，那么可以将参数max-depth=2 ，如果你想对搜索出来的结果进行排序，那么可以借助于sort命令。如下所示

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=2 | sort -n
3.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS
16K     ./lost+found
29G     ./flash_recovery_area/backup
33G     ./flash_recovery_area
37G     ./oradata
37G     ./oradata/epps
70G     .
[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n
1       ./lost+found
3527    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS
29544   ./flash_recovery_area/backup
33070   ./flash_recovery_area
37705   ./oradata
37705   ./oradata/epps
70775   .

[root@getlnx01 u03]# cd /

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

有时候搜索出来的结果太多了（譬如，我从根目录开始搜索），一直在刷屏，如果我只想查出最大的12个文件夹，怎么办呢？此时就要借助head命令来显示了

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -nr | head -12
407480  .
167880  ./u04
158685  ./u02/oradata
158685  ./u02
152118  ./u04/oradata
70775   ./u03
37705   ./u03/oradata
33070   ./u03/flash_recovery_area
5995    ./u01/app
5995    ./u01
3551    ./usr
1558    ./usr/share
[root@getlnx01 /]#

转自http://blog.csdn.net/numbibi/article/details/8026841

linux下文件夹的创建、复制、剪切、重命名、清空和删除命令 

在home目录下有wwwroot目录，wwwroot下有sinozzz目录，即/home/wwwroot/sinozzz

一、目录创建

在/home/wwwroot目录下新建一个sinozzz123的文件夹

mkdir /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123

二、目录复制

1.把/home/wwwroot/sinozzz里面的文件和文件夹等复制到home/wwwroot/sinozzz123目录下

cp -rf /home/wwwroot/sinozzz/* /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123

2.把/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/abc/下的文件夹和文件复制到home/wwwroot/sinozzz123目录下

cp -rf /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/abc/* /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123

3.把/home/wwwroot/sinozzz目录复制到/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123目录下，即把sinozzz复制变成sinozzz123的子目录,变成/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/sinozzz的路径

cp -rf /home/wwwroot/sinozzz /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123

三、目录剪切

1.使用mv命令剪切文件。

如需要将/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/music/目录下的1.mp3文件剪切到/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/abc目录下，执行下面的命令即可：

# mv /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/music/1.mp3 /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/abc

2.使用mv命令剪切文件夹。

把/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/soft文件夹剪切到/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/abc目录下

# mv /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/soft /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/abc

3.使用mv命令剪切文件夹和文件

把/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/photo/下的文件夹和文件剪切到/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/abc目录下

# mv /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/photo/* /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/abc

四、目录重命名

在linux下，移动文件跟重命名都是同一个命令，mv（就是move的意思）

命令： mv 源文件名 目标文件名

1.把/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/index.htm重命名为/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/index.html

# mv /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/index.htm /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123/index.html

2.把/home/wwwroot/sinozzz123目录重命名为/home/wwwroot/sinozzz456

# mv /home/wwwroot/sinozzz123 /home/wwwroot/sinozzz456

五、目录删除

linux删除目录很简单，很多人还是习惯用rmdir，不过一旦目录非空，就陷入深深的苦恼之中，现在使用rm -rf命令即可。

直接rm就可以了，不过要加两个参数-rf

即：rm -rf   目录名字

-r 就是向下递归，不管有多少级目录，一并删除

-f 就是直接强行删除，不作任何提示的意思

1.删除文件使用实例：

rm -f /home/wwwroot/sinozzz456/index.html

将会强制删除/home/wwwroot/sinozzz456/index.html这个文件

2.清空文件夹实例：

rm -rf /home/wwwroot/sinozzz456/abc/*

将会强制删除/home/wwwroot/sinozzz456/abc目录下所有文件、文件夹，保留/home/wwwroot/sinozzz456/abc目录

3.删除文件夹实例：

rm -rf /home/wwwroot/sinozzz456

将会强制删除/home/wwwroot/sinozzz456目录以及其下所有文件、文件夹

需要提醒的是：使用这个rm -rf的时候一定要格外小心，linux没有回收站的

当然，rm还有更多的其他参数和用法，man rm就可以查看了

如果是在/home/wwwroot/目录下进行操作，则可以省去每个命令的/home/wwwroot/部分