转自:https://blog.csdn.net/zz775854904/article/details/81092892
MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列(MQ)是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息(针对应用程序的数据)来通信,而无需专用连接来链接它们。消息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信,而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信,直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求..
开始正题!
在开发之前需要下载rabbitmq, 而在rabbitmq安装之前,童鞋们需要安装erlang, 因为rabbitmq是用erlang写的.
安装完毕之后,我们建立一个maven项目.然后我们开始配置项目.
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<!-- spring版本号 -->
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<spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
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<!-- 添加Spring依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
由于是spring整合,我们需要加入spring的依赖.
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<!--rabbitmq依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
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<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
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</dependency>
依赖加好了之后, 我们需要定义消息生产者和消息发送者.
由于exchange有几种,这里我只测试了两种, 通过分别定义两个exchange去绑定direct和topic..
首先, 定义消息生产者, 通过配置将template链接connect-factory并注入到代码中使用.
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package com.chris.producer;
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import org.slf4j.Logger;
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import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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import javax.annotation.Resource;
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import java.io.IOException;
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/**
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* Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
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*/
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@Service
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public class MessageProducer {
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private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageProducer.class);
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@Resource(name="amqpTemplate")
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private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
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@Resource(name="amqpTemplate2")
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private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate2;
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public void sendMessage(Object message) throws IOException {
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logger.info("to send message:{}", message);
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amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTestKey", message);
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amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTestChris", message);
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amqpTemplate2.convertAndSend("wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd", message);
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}
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}
然后我们定义消息消费者, 这里,我定义了三个消费者, 通过监听消息队列, 分别接受各自所匹配的消息.
第一个消费者, 接受direct的消息, 他的exchange为exchangeTest, rout-key为queueTestKey
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package com.chris.consumer;
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import org.slf4j.Logger;
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import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
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/**
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* Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
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*/
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public class MessageConsumer implements MessageListener {
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private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageConsumer.class);
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public void onMessage(Message message) {
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logger.info("consumer receive message------->:{}", message);
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}
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}
第二个消费者, 接受direct的消息(为了测试一个exchange可以发送多个消息), 他的exchange为exchangeTest, rout-key为queueTestChris.
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package com.chris.consumer;
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import org.slf4j.Logger;
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import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
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/**
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* Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
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*/
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public class ChrisConsumer implements MessageListener {
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private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ChrisConsumer.class);
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public void onMessage(Message message) {
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logger.info("chris receive message------->:{}", message);
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}
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}
第三个消费者, 接受topic的消息他的exchange为exchangeTest2, pattern为wuxing.*.. 网上说.*可以匹配一个, .#可以匹配一个或多个..但是笔者好像两个都试了..都可以匹配一个或多个..不知道什么鬼...
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package com.chris.consumer;
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import org.slf4j.Logger;
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import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
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/**
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* Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
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*/
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public class WuxingConsumer implements MessageListener {
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private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WuxingConsumer.class);
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public void onMessage(Message message) {
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logger.info("wuxing receive message------->:{}", message);
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}
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}
然后就是关键的地方了..rabbit整合spring的配置文件.
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.2.xsd">
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<!--配置connection-factory,指定连接rabbit server参数 -->
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<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
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username="guest" password="guest" host="localhost" port="5672" />
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<!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送 -->
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<rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"
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exchange="exchangeTest"/>
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<!--通过指定下面的admin信息,当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成 -->
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<rabbit:admin id="connectAdmin" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
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<!--定义queue -->
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<rabbit:queue name="queueTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin"/>
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<!-- 定义direct exchange,绑定queueTest -->
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<rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin">
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<rabbit:bindings>
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<rabbit:binding queue="queueTest" key="queueTestKey"></rabbit:binding>
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</rabbit:bindings>
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</rabbit:direct-exchange>
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<!-- 消息接收者 -->
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<bean id="messageReceiver" class="com.chris.consumer.MessageConsumer"></bean>
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<!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
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<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory">
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<rabbit:listener queues="queueTest" ref="messageReceiver"/>
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</rabbit:listener-container>
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<!--定义queue -->
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<rabbit:queue name="queueChris" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin"/>
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<!-- 定义direct exchange,绑定queueTest -->
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<rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin">
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<rabbit:bindings>
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<rabbit:binding queue="queueChris" key="queueTestChris"></rabbit:binding>
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</rabbit:bindings>
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</rabbit:direct-exchange>
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<!-- 消息接收者 -->
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<bean id="receiverChris" class="com.chris.consumer.ChrisConsumer"></bean>
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<!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
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<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory">
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<rabbit:listener queues="queueChris" ref="receiverChris"/>
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</rabbit:listener-container>
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<!-- 分隔线 -->
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<!--配置connection-factory,指定连接rabbit server参数 -->
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<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory2"
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username="guest" password="guest" host="localhost" port="5672"/>
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<!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送 -->
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<rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate2" connection-factory="connectionFactory2"
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exchange="exchangeTest2"/>
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<!--通过指定下面的admin信息,当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成 -->
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<rabbit:admin id="connectAdmin2" connection-factory="connectionFactory2"/>
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<!--定义queue -->
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<rabbit:queue name="queueWuxing" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin2"/>
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<!-- 定义direct exchange,绑定queueTest -->
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<rabbit:topic-exchange name="exchangeTest2" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin2">
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<rabbit:bindings>
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<rabbit:binding queue="queueWuxing" pattern="wuxing.*"></rabbit:binding>
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</rabbit:bindings>
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</rabbit:topic-exchange>
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<!-- 消息接收者 -->
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<bean id="recieverWuxing" class="com.chris.consumer.WuxingConsumer"></bean>
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<!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
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<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory2" >
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<rabbit:listener queues="queueWuxing" ref="recieverWuxing"/>
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</rabbit:listener-container>
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</beans>
这里,有个问题笔者研究了好久...就是如何定义两个exchange, 一开始一直不成功..直到找到了一篇国外的文章才解决...
定义两个exchange的时候, 需要用到declared-by..
而这个必须要引入下面的这个申明, 才有..
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.2.xsd">
文件中大概的配置解释一下.
connect-factory进行连接rabbitmq服务.
template用于连接factory并指定exchange, 这上面还能直接指定rout-key.
admin相当于一个管理员的角色..可以将exchange和queue进行管理,
queue和topic-exchange分别定义队列和路由器, 这里需要用declared-by指定管理员,从而连接到相应的factory.
listener-container用于消费者的监听(其实,rabbit配置中是可以指定某个类的某个方法的, 但是笔者失败了, 还在试验中...)
这里还有一个问题...需要大家注意..
当一个exchange绑定了一种类型之后, 这个exchange在配置就不能再换成另一种了.会一直报错, received 'direct' but current is 'topic' 类似这种..
笔者这个也是被坑了若干时间去找问题...
然后贴下spring的基本配置
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
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<import resource="classpath*:rabbitmq.xml" />
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<!-- 扫描指定package下所有带有如@controller,@services,@resource,@ods并把所注释的注册为Spring Beans -->
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<context:component-scan base-package="com.chris.consumer, com.chris.producer" />
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<!-- 激活annotation功能 -->
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<context:annotation-config />
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<!-- 激活annotation功能 -->
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<context:spring-configured />
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</beans>
然后是单元测试类, 这里通过输出100-1慢慢递减,去观察控制台消费者接收消息的情况.
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package com.chris;
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import com.chris.producer.MessageProducer;
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import org.junit.Before;
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import org.junit.Test;
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import org.slf4j.Logger;
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import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
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import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
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/**
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* Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
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*/
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public class MessageTest {
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private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageTest.class);
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private ApplicationContext context = null;
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public void setUp() throws Exception {
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context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
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}
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public void should_send_a_amq_message() throws Exception {
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MessageProducer messageProducer = (MessageProducer) context.getBean("messageProducer");
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int a = 100;
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while (a > 0) {
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messageProducer.sendMessage("Hello, I am amq sender num :" + a--);
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try {
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//暂停一下,好让消息消费者去取消息打印出来
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Thread.sleep(1000);
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} catch (InterruptedException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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}
然后控制台的结果如下(这里只贴出关键信息, 其他配置的log的省略了)
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,330 [main] INFO [com.chris.producer.MessageProducer] - to send message:Hello, I am amq sender num :100
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,348 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory] - Creating cached Rabbit Channel from AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,3)
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,348 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Executing callback on RabbitMQ Channel: Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,3)
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,349 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Publishing message on exchange [exchangeTest], routingKey = [queueTestKey]
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,357 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Executing callback on RabbitMQ Channel: Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,3)
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,358 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Publishing message on exchange [exchangeTest], routingKey = [queueTestChris]
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,368 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory] - Creating cached Rabbit Channel from AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,2)
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,369 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Executing callback on RabbitMQ Channel: Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,2)
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,369 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Publishing message on exchange [exchangeTest2], routingKey = [wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd]
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,370 [pool-1-thread-6] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-hyW85GZHk-AHLLFJUmNLDQ]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,1), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,372 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Received message: (Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest, receivedRoutingKey=queueTestKey, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,373 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO [com.chris.consumer.MessageConsumer] - consumer receive message------->:(Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest, receivedRoutingKey=queueTestKey, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,374 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Retrieving delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-hyW85GZHk-AHLLFJUmNLDQ]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,1), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,379 [pool-2-thread-4] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-T-c1red0T_HHyCFfpXLYIQ]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,1), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,381 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Received message: (Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest2, receivedRoutingKey=wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,382 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO [com.chris.consumer.WuxingConsumer] - wuxing receive message------->:(Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest2, receivedRoutingKey=wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,383 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Retrieving delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-T-c1red0T_HHyCFfpXLYIQ]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,1), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,396 [pool-1-thread-5] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-h5ERpaWrnqmkNhbfM7S8Ww]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,2), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,397 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Received message: (Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest, receivedRoutingKey=queueTestChris, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
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2016-09-22 16:15:00,398 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO [com.chris.consumer.ChrisConsumer] - chris receive message------->:(Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest, receivedRoutingKey=queueTestChris, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
我们可以看到生产者有发出一个信息, 然后发布在了三个通道上.
1. on exchange [exchangeTest] , routingKey = [queueTestKey]
2. on exchange [exchangeTest] , routingKey = [queueTestChris]
3. on exchange [exchangeTest2] , routingKey = [wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd]
然后三个消费者分别收到了他们的消息..至此, 整个test就结束了.
对项目有兴趣的童鞋可以拿项目的源码玩一玩 源码在这里