#ifndef SQUID_HASH_H
#define SQUID_HASH_H
//几个函数和变量的别名
typedef void HASHFREE(void *);
typedef int HASHCMP(const void *, const void *);
typedef unsigned int HASHHASH(const void *, unsigned int);
typedef struct _hash_link hash_link;
typedef struct _hash_table hash_table;
//每个hash节点的数据结构
struct _hash_link {
void *key;
hash_link *next;
};
//hash表的数据结构
struct _hash_table {
hash_link **buckets; //存储hash节点（hash_link）地址的桶链表
HASHCMP *cmp; //hash比较函数
HASHHASH *hash; //获取hash值函数
unsigned int size; //buckets桶链表的大小
unsigned int current_slot; //指向当前的桶
hash_link *next; //指向下一个桶（相对于current_slot的下一个桶）
int count; //hash_table中已经存储的hash节点（hash_link）的数目
};
SQUIDCEXTERN hash_table *hash_create(HASHCMP *, int, HASHHASH *);
SQUIDCEXTERN void hash_join(hash_table *, hash_link *);
SQUIDCEXTERN void hash_remove_link(hash_table *, hash_link *);
SQUIDCEXTERN int hashPrime(int n);
SQUIDCEXTERN hash_link *hash_lookup(hash_table *, const void *);
SQUIDCEXTERN void hash_first(hash_table *);
SQUIDCEXTERN hash_link *hash_next(hash_table *);
SQUIDCEXTERN void hash_last(hash_table *);
SQUIDCEXTERN hash_link *hash_get_bucket(hash_table *, unsigned int);
SQUIDCEXTERN void hashFreeMemory(hash_table *);
SQUIDCEXTERN void hashFreeItems(hash_table *, HASHFREE *);
SQUIDCEXTERN HASHHASH hash_string;
SQUIDCEXTERN HASHHASH hash4;
SQUIDCEXTERN const char *hashKeyStr(hash_link *);
/* squid建议的hansh素数
* Here are some good prime number choices. It's important not to
* choose a prime number that is too close to exact powers of 2.
*
* HASH_SIZE 103 // prime number < 128
* HASH_SIZE 229 // prime number < 256
* HASH_SIZE 467 // prime number < 512
* HASH_SIZE 977 // prime number < 1024
* HASH_SIZE 1979 // prime number < 2048
* HASH_SIZE 4019 // prime number < 4096
* HASH_SIZE 6037 // prime number < 6144
* HASH_SIZE 7951 // prime number < 8192
* HASH_SIZE 12149 // prime number < 12288
* HASH_SIZE 16231 // prime number < 16384
* HASH_SIZE 33493 // prime number < 32768
* HASH_SIZE 65357 // prime number < 65536
*/
//默认的桶链表大小
#define DEFAULT_HASH_SIZE 7951 /* prime number < 8192 */
#endif /* SQUID_HASH_H */
/*
* DEBUG: section 00 Hash Tables
* AUTHOR: Harvest Derived
*
* SQUID Web Proxy Cache http://www.squid-cache.org/
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Squid is the result of efforts by numerous individuals from
* the Internet community; see the CONTRIBUTORS file for full
* details. Many organizations have provided support for Squid's
* development; see the SPONSORS file for full details. Squid is
* Copyrighted (C) 2001 by the Regents of the University of
* California; see the COPYRIGHT file for full details. Squid
* incorporates software developed and/or copyrighted by other
* sources; see the CREDITS file for full details.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
*
*/
#include "squid.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include "profiler/Profiler.h"
#if HAVE_STDIO_H
#include <stdio.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_STRING_H
#include <string.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_GNUMALLLOC_H
#include <gnumalloc.h>
#elif HAVE_MALLOC_H
#include <malloc.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_ASSERT_H
#include <assert.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_MATH_H
#include <math.h>
#endif
static void hash_next_bucket(hash_table * hid);
/*下面两个函数常用来作为第二个参数建立hash表， 也就是取hash值的操作函数*/
/*第二个更适合于操作字符串，第一个可以是二进制数*/
unsigned int
hash_string(const void *data, unsigned int size)
{
const unsigned char *s = static_cast<const unsigned char *>(data);
unsigned int n = 0;
unsigned int j = 0;
unsigned int i = 0;
while (*s) {
++j;
n ^= 271 * *s; //^按位异或运算
++s;
}
i = n ^ (j * 271);
return i % size;
}
/* the following function(s) were adapted from
* usr/src/lib/libc/db/hash_func.c, 4.4 BSD lite */
/* Hash function from Chris Torek. */
unsigned int
hash4(const void *data, unsigned int size)
{
const char *key = static_cast<const char *>(data);
size_t loop;
unsigned int h;
size_t len;
#define HASH4a h = (h << 5) - h + *key++;
#define HASH4b h = (h << 5) + h + *key++;
#define HASH4 HASH4b
h = 0;
len = strlen(key);
loop = len >> 3;
switch (len & (8 - 1)) {
case 0:
break;
case 7:
HASH4;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case 6:
HASH4;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case 5:
HASH4;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case 4:
HASH4;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case 3:
HASH4;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case 2:
HASH4;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case 1:
HASH4;
}
while (loop) {
--loop;
HASH4;
HASH4;
HASH4;
HASH4;
HASH4;
HASH4;
HASH4;
HASH4;
}
return h % size;
}
/**
* hash_create - creates a new hash table, uses the cmp_func
* to compare keys. Returns the identification for the hash table;
* otherwise returns a negative number on error.
* 创建hash表，返回hash_table的对象
*/
hash_table *
hash_create(HASHCMP * cmp_func, int hash_sz, HASHHASH * hash_func)
{
hash_table *hid = (hash_table *)xcalloc(1, sizeof(hash_table));
if (!hash_sz)
hid->size = (unsigned int) DEFAULT_HASH_SIZE; //EFAULT_HASH_SIZE 7951
else
hid->size = (unsigned int) hash_sz;
/* allocate and null the buckets */
hid->buckets = (hash_link **)xcalloc(hid->size, sizeof(hash_link *));
hid->cmp = cmp_func;
hid->hash = hash_func;
hid->next = NULL;
hid->current_slot = 0;
return hid;
}
/**
* hash_join - joins a hash_link under its key lnk->key
* into the hash table 'hid'.
*
* It does not copy any data into the hash table, only links pointers.
* 将hash节点链接到hash表中对应的桶节点。
*/
void
hash_join(hash_table * hid, hash_link * lnk)
{
int i;
i = hid->hash(lnk->key, hid->size);
lnk->next = hid->buckets[i];
hid->buckets[i] = lnk;
++hid->count;
}
/**
* hash_lookup - locates the item under the key 'k' in the hash table
* 'hid'. Returns a pointer to the hash bucket on success; otherwise
* returns NULL.
* 在hash_table中定位哈希值为k的hash_link节点
*/
hash_link *
hash_lookup(hash_table * hid, const void *k)
{
int b;
PROF_start(hash_lookup);
assert(k != NULL);
b = hid->hash(k, hid->size);
for (hash_link *walker = hid->buckets[b]; walker != NULL; walker = walker->next) {
if ((hid->cmp) (k, walker->key) == 0) {
PROF_stop(hash_lookup);
return (walker);
}
assert(walker != walker->next);
}
PROF_stop(hash_lookup);
return NULL;
}
//指向下一个桶
static void
hash_next_bucket(hash_table * hid)
{
while (hid->next == NULL && ++hid->current_slot < hid->size)
hid->next = hid->buckets[hid->current_slot];
}
/**
* hash_first - initializes the hash table for the hash_next()
* function.
* 使hid->current_slot指向第一个桶，hid->next指向下一个桶
*/
void
hash_first(hash_table * hid)
{
assert(NULL == hid->next);
hid->current_slot = 0;
hid->next = hid->buckets[hid->current_slot];
if (NULL == hid->next) //如果hash_table还没有使用
hash_next_bucket(hid);
}
/**
* hash_next - returns the next item in the hash table 'hid'.
* Otherwise, returns NULL on error or end of list.
*
* MUST call hash_first() before hash_next().
* 获取下一个hash_link节点
*/
hash_link *
hash_next(hash_table * hid)
{
hash_link *p = hid->next;
if (NULL == p)
return NULL;
hid->next = p->next;
if (NULL == hid->next)
hash_next_bucket(hid);
return p;
}
/**
* hash_last - resets hash traversal state to NULL
*
*/
void
hash_last(hash_table * hid)
{
assert(hid != NULL);
hid->next = NULL;
hid->current_slot = 0;
}
/**
* hash_remove_link - deletes the given hash_link node from the
* hash table 'hid'. Does not free the item, only removes it
* from the list.
*
* An assertion is triggered if the hash_link is not found in the
* list.
* 将hash_link为hl的节点从桶链表中移除
*/
void
hash_remove_link(hash_table * hid, hash_link * hl)
{
assert(hl != NULL);
int i = hid->hash(hl->key, hid->size);
for (hash_link **P = &hid->buckets[i]; *P; P = &(*P)->next) {
if (*P != hl)
continue;
*P = hl->next;
if (hid->next == hl) {
hid->next = hl->next;
if (NULL == hid->next)
hash_next_bucket(hid);
}
--hid->count;
return;
}
assert(0);
}
/**
* hash_get_bucket - returns the head item of the bucket
* in the hash table 'hid'. Otherwise, returns NULL on error.
* 获取hid->buckets[bucket]
*/
hash_link *
hash_get_bucket(hash_table * hid, unsigned int bucket)
{
if (bucket >= hid->size)
return NULL;
return (hid->buckets[bucket]);
}
//将所有hash_link节点集中到一起，集中释放存储空间
void
hashFreeItems(hash_table * hid, HASHFREE * free_func)
{
hash_link *l;
int i = 0;
hash_link **list = (hash_link **)xcalloc(hid->count, sizeof(hash_link *));
hash_first(hid);
while ((l = hash_next(hid)) && i < hid->count) {
*(list + i) = l;
++i;
}
for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j)
free_func(*(list + j));
xfree(list);
}
//释放hash_table空间
void
hashFreeMemory(hash_table * hid)
{
if (hid == NULL)
return;
if (hid->buckets)
xfree(hid->buckets);
xfree(hid);
}
static int hash_primes[] = {
103,
229,
467,
977,
1979,
4019,
6037,
7951,
12149,
16231,
33493,
65357
};
int
hashPrime(int n)
{
int I = sizeof(hash_primes) / sizeof(int);
int best_prime = hash_primes[0];
double min = fabs(log((double) n) - log((double) hash_primes[0]));
double d;
for (int i = 0; i < I; ++i) {
d = fabs(log((double) n) - log((double) hash_primes[i]));
if (d > min)
continue;
min = d;
best_prime = hash_primes[i];
}
return best_prime;
}
/**
* return the key of a hash_link as a const string
* 获取hl的哈希值
*/
const char *
hashKeyStr(hash_link * hl)
{
return (const char *) hl->key;
}
#if USE_HASH_DRIVER
/**
* hash-driver - Run with a big file as stdin to insert each line into the
* hash table, then prints the whole hash table, then deletes a random item,
* and prints the table again...
*/
int
main(void)
{
hash_table *hid;
LOCAL_ARRAY(char, buf, BUFSIZ);
LOCAL_ARRAY(char, todelete, BUFSIZ);
hash_link *walker = NULL;
todelete[0] = ' ';
printf("init
");
printf("creating hash table
");
if ((hid = hash_create((HASHCMP *) strcmp, 229, hash4)) < 0) {
printf("hash_create error.
");
exit(1);
}
printf("done creating hash table: %d
", hid);
while (fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, stdin)) {
buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = ' ';
printf("Inserting '%s' for item %p to hash table: %d
",
buf, buf, hid);
hash_insert(hid, xstrdup(buf), (void *) 0x12345678);
if (random() % 17 == 0)
strcpy(todelete, buf);
}
printf("walking hash table...
");
for (int i = 0, walker = hash_first(hid); walker; walker = hash_next(hid)) {
printf("item %5d: key: '%s' item: %p
", i++, walker->key,
walker->item);
}
printf("done walking hash table...
");
if (todelete[0]) {
printf("deleting %s from %d
", todelete, hid);
if (hash_delete(hid, todelete))
printf("hash_delete error
");
}
printf("walking hash table...
");
for (int i = 0, walker = hash_first(hid); walker; walker = hash_next(hid)) {
printf("item %5d: key: '%s' item: %p
", i++, walker->key,
walker->item);
}
printf("done walking hash table...
");
printf("driver finished.
");
exit(0);
}
#endif
下面具体分析：
hash表整体结构：
1、hash_create
/**
* hash_create - creates a new hash table, uses the cmp_func
* to compare keys. Returns the identification for the hash table;
* otherwise returns a negative number on error.
* 创建hash表，返回hash_table的对象
*/
hash_table *
hash_create(HASHCMP * cmp_func, int hash_sz, HASHHASH * hash_func)
{
hash_table *hid = (hash_table *)xcalloc(1, sizeof(hash_table));
if (!hash_sz)
hid->size = (unsigned int) DEFAULT_HASH_SIZE; //EFAULT_HASH_SIZE 7951
else
hid->size = (unsigned int) hash_sz;
/* allocate and null the buckets */
hid->buckets = (hash_link **)xcalloc(hid->size, sizeof(hash_link *));
hid->cmp = cmp_func;
hid->hash = hash_func;
hid->next = NULL;
hid->current_slot = 0;
return hid;
}
创建hash表。需要三个参数：cmp_func、hash_sz、hash_func，其中hash_sz用来表示创建的hash表的桶链表的大小，如果为0，则使用默认的大小DEFAULT_HASH_SIZE.
桶链表储存的数据类型为：hash_link * ，即它只存储hash_link节点的地址。初始化后的桶链表没有存储任何地址，全部为0。
current_slot = 0，当前指向的桶为buckets[0];指向下一个桶的指针hid->next为NULL，表示hash表还没有被使用。
2、hash_join
/**
* hash_join - joins a hash_link under its key lnk->key
* into the hash table 'hid'.
*
* It does not copy any data into the hash table, only links pointers.
* 将hash节点链接到hash表中对应的桶节点。
*/
void
hash_join(hash_table * hid, hash_link * lnk)
{
int i;
i = hid->hash(lnk->key, hid->size);
lnk->next = hid->buckets[i];
hid->buckets[i] = lnk;
++hid->count;
}
首先利用函数hash找到节点link应该插入到的桶号i，将link的next指针指向桶号i存储的链表的首节点，再将link节点的地址储存到桶号i内，link节点成为桶号i储存的链表的首节点。
3、hash_lookup
/**
* hash_lookup - locates the item under the key 'k' in the hash table
* 'hid'. Returns a pointer to the hash bucket on success; otherwise
* returns NULL.
* 在hash_table中定位哈希值为k的hash_link节点
*/
hash_link *
hash_lookup(hash_table * hid, const void *k)
{
int b;
PROF_start(hash_lookup);
assert(k != NULL);
b = hid->hash(k, hid->size);
for (hash_link *walker = hid->buckets[b]; walker != NULL; walker = walker->next) {
if ((hid->cmp) (k, walker->key) == 0) {
PROF_stop(hash_lookup);
return (walker);
}
assert(walker != walker->next);
}
PROF_stop(hash_lookup);
return NULL;
}
首先根据哈希值k找到对应的桶链表节点b，walker指向b所在链表的首节点。
4、hash_remove_link
/**
* hash_remove_link - deletes the given hash_link node from the
* hash table 'hid'. Does not free the item, only removes it
* from the list.
*
* An assertion is triggered if the hash_link is not found in the
* list.
* 将hash_link为hl的节点从桶链表中移除
*/
void
hash_remove_link(hash_table * hid, hash_link * hl)
{
assert(hl != NULL);
int i = hid->hash(hl->key, hid->size);
for (hash_link **P = &hid->buckets[i]; *P; P = &(*P)->next) {
if (*P != hl)
continue;
*P = hl->next;
if (hid->next == hl) {
hid->next = hl->next;
if (NULL == hid->next)
hash_next_bucket(hid);
}
--hid->count;
return;
}
assert(0);
}
移除分两种情况：
1、hl为首节点，将hid->next = hl->next
2、hl为中间节点，*p = hl->next，p指向hl的下一个节点
5、hashFreeItems
//将所有hash_link节点集中到一起，集中释放存储空间
void
hashFreeItems(hash_table * hid, HASHFREE * free_func)
{
hash_link *l;
int i = 0;
hash_link **list = (hash_link **)xcalloc(hid->count, sizeof(hash_link *));
hash_first(hid);
while ((l = hash_next(hid)) && i < hid->count) {
*(list + i) = l;
++i;
}
for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j)
free_func(*(list + j));
xfree(list);
}
根据hid->count大小分配存储空间来存储hash_link节点的地址。调用hash_first将hid->current_slot指向第一个桶，同时将hid->next指向第二个桶。调用hash_next取得hash链表中的每一个hash_link节点，并将地址赋值到list中，最后对list中的hash_link地址统一销毁。
本文为Eliot原创，转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/xyw_blog/article/details/9791221