(6/18)重学Standford_iOS7开发_控制器多态性、导航控制器、选项卡栏控制器_课程笔记

　　终于有时间跟新了，两周时间复（yu）习（xi）了5门考试累觉不爱。。。。。。

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第六课

　　1、控制器多态性

　　　　这里控制器多态性是指在控制器中使用继承，通过继承构造通用视图控制器（ViewController），在具体的MVC中继承通用视图控制器实现具体功能（通常是父类中的抽象方法）

　　　　注意：objective-C并没有abstract关键字，因此通常要通过注释的方式说明，抽象方法需要在.h文件中声明，一般实现文件中的抽象方法没有具体功能，只返回nil。

　　　　storyboard的多态控制器类需要在属性检查器中更改指定的类。

　　　　说明：通过继承，父类中的连接也会被完整的继承下来，如输出口（Outlet）等。

　　　　demo地址：https://github.com/NSLogMeng/Stanford_iOS7_Study/commit/238167d6080df94e0383aceccab6d16fea290af2

　　2、多MVC

　　　　理解：多MVC基本组合方式，子MVC作为父MVC的视图（View）呈现。

　　　　　　

　　　　（1）UINavigationController（以日历应用为例）

　　　　　　1) Navigation Bar 

　　　　　　　　a.title 当前MVC的标题，与内容有关

　　　　　　　　b.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems（ViewController属性）  功能按钮（注意与UIButton区别，UIBarButton的数组，即可以嵌入多个BarButton）

　　　　　　　　c.Back Button (一般由UINavigationController自动设定，默认为上一MVC的title，长度较长时显示为back，亦可自行设置) 

　　　　　　　　　　当点击当前MVC的back时，当前MVC会被释放，返回前一个MVC

　　　　　　2）toolbarItems （ViewController属性）

　　　　　　　　底部出现（an NSArray of UIBarButtonItems ）

　　　　　　3）rootViewController

　　　　　　　　指向一个MVC的controller，作为根MVC

//UINavigationController常用方法

- (instancetype)initWithRootViewController:(UIViewController *)rootViewController; // 设置根视图控制器
- (void)pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated; //压入新视图
- (UIViewController *)popViewControllerAnimated:(BOOL)animated;//弹出当前视图
//navigationBar
@property(nonatomic,getter=isNavigationBarHidden) BOOL navigationBarHidden;
- (void)setNavigationBarHidden:(BOOL)hidden animated:(BOOL)animated;

//toolbar
@property(nonatomic,getter=isToolbarHidden) BOOL toolbarHidden NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);
- (void)setToolbarHidden:(BOOL)hidden animated:(BOOL)animated NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

　　　　（2）segue（非常重要，MVC间切换的基础）

　　　　　　　　push:一种以push，pop方式在UINavigationController上进行MVC切换的方式　　　

　　　　　　　　identifier:用来表示push，方便在代码中使用

//需要跳转时的Action
- (IBAction)rentEquipment
{
    if (self.snowTraversingTalent == Skiing) {
        [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@“AskAboutSkis” sender:self];
    } else {
        [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@“AskAboutSnowboard” sender:self];
    } 
}

//为各segue做跳转前的准备
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    if ([segue.identifier isEqualToString:@“DoSomething”]) {
        if ([segue.destinationViewController isKindOfClass:[DoSomethingVC class]])         {
            DoSomethingVC *doVC = (DoSomethingVC *)segue.destinationViewController;
doVC.neededInfo = ...; }
} 
}

//segue跳转判断
- (BOOL)shouldPerformSegueWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier sender:(id)sender {
    if ([segue.identifier isEqualToString:@“DoAParticularThing”]) {
        return [self canDoAParticularThing] ? YES : NO;
    }
}

　　　　　　　　注意：segue跳转的准备工作中并未设置好输出口，因此不能直接赋值给新MVC的输出口，MVC中需要设置API来接收数据。 

　　　　(3)demo : Attributor Stats

 　　　　　　Use a UINavigationController to show “statistics” on colors and outlining in Attributor. 

　　　　　　demo地址：https://github.com/NSLogMeng/Stanford_iOS7_Study/commit/fba52faaefd72cb1d4e0ef0c9029092fd5749f63

　　　　(4)UITabBarController（以时钟应用为例）

//设置选项个数，一般不超过5个，超过5个时，第五个及其他将集合在最后一栏
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *viewControllers;

　　3、作业

　　　　要求：a.在Matchismo 的基础上添加一个新的MVC作为Set纸牌匹配游戏。

　　　　　　　b.新的Set纸牌游戏与原纸牌游戏类似（3张牌匹配模式）

　　　　　　　c.原游戏的功能保留，可以适当删减或更改UI(原要求是取消UISegmentedControll) 

　　　　　　　d.使用UITabBarController将两个游戏分开

　　　　　　　e.Set纸牌的数目可能会与之前不同，选择合适的UI尺寸

　　　　　　　f.使用▲ ● ■  以及NSAttributedString 来表示Set纸牌的三个属性（形状，颜色，阴影）

　　　　　　　g.每个游戏必须展示当前的得分状况，并允许用户重置

　　　　　　　h.使用NSAttributedString来记录并展示纸牌匹配状况

　　　　　　　i.使用UINavigationController 添加新的MVC来详细展示纸牌匹配情况的历史

　　　　　　　Set纸牌游戏规则：Wikipedia 或 百度百科

　　作业解析：

　　　　　　最终实现效果如下图：

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　实现过程：

　　　　　　　　　针对上次作业的结果对纸牌游戏再次进行抽象化并添加Set纸牌游戏

抽象化结果：https://github.com/NSLogMeng/Stanford_iOS7_Study/commit/58afa7577cb339328819fccb5422aef27fd843ff

a.添加Set及Model的抽象化

SetCard

　　SetCard的匹配详见作业要求中的规则，此处判定匹配成功则score为1，否则为0（仅作为判定标记，也可以根据自己喜好自定义分数规则）

#import "Card.h"
 
@interface SetCard : Card
 
@property (strong,nonatomic) NSString *suit;//  ▲ ● ■
@property (strong,nonatomic) NSString *color;// red green purple
@property (nonatomic) BOOL shading;

+ (NSArray *)validSuits;
+ (NSArray *)validColors;
+ (NSUInteger)shadingNumber;

@end

#import "SetCard.h"

@interface SetCard()

@end

@implementation SetCard

- (NSString *)contents
{
    return nil;
}

- (int)match:(NSArray *)otherCards
{
    int score = 0;
   
    if ([otherCards count] == 2)
    {
        SetCard *firstCard = [otherCards firstObject];
        SetCard *secondCard = [otherCards lastObject];
        if ([self.suit isEqualToString:firstCard.suit] && [firstCard.suit isEqualToString:secondCard.suit])
        {
            score += 1;
        }
        else if (![self.suit isEqualToString:firstCard.suit] && ![self.suit isEqualToString:secondCard.suit] && ![firstCard.suit isEqualToString:secondCard.suit])
        {
            score += 1;
        }
        else
        {
            score -= 1;
        }
        
        if ([self.color isEqualToString:firstCard.color] && [firstCard.color isEqualToString:secondCard.color])//全相等
        {
            score += 1;
        }
        else if (![self.color isEqualToString:firstCard.color] && ![self.color isEqualToString:secondCard.color] && ![firstCard.color isEqualToString:secondCard.color])//全不相等
        {
            score += 1;
        }
        else
        {
            score -= 1;
        }
        
        if ((self.shading == firstCard.shading) && (firstCard.shading == secondCard.shading))
        {
            score += 1;
        }
        else
        {
            score -= 1;
        }

    }
    
    if (score == 3)
    {
        score = 1;
    }
    else
    {
        score = 0;
    }
    
    return score;
}

+ (NSArray *)validSuits
{
    return @[@"▲",@"▲▲",@"▲▲▲",@"●",@"●●",@"●●●",@"■",@"■ ■",@"■ ■ ■"];
}

+ (NSArray *)validColors
{
    return @[@"red",@"green",@"purple"];
}


+ (NSUInteger)shadingNumber
{
    return 2;
} 

SetCardDeck

　　与PlayingCardDeck类似

#import "Deck.h"

@interface SetCardDeck : Deck

@end

#import "SetCardDeck.h"
#import "SetCard.h"

@implementation SetCardDeck

- (instancetype) init
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self)
    {
        for (NSString *suit in [SetCard validSuits])
        {
            for (NSString *color in [SetCard validColors])
            {
                    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < [SetCard shadingNumber]; i++)
                    {
                        SetCard *card = [[SetCard alloc] init];
                        card.suit = suit;
                        card.color = color;
                        card.shading = (i<1) ? true : false;
                        
                        [self addCard:card];
                    }
            }
        }
    }
    return self;
}

@end

CardMatchingGame的抽象化

　　上次作业中我们的CardMatchingGame只针对PlayingCard的匹配规则及方法在SetCard中任然类似或适用，因此我们抽象化CardMatchingGame，使其成为PlayingCardMatchingGame与SetCardMatchingGame的超类。

首先我们根据作业要求我们添加gameStateHistory属性来保存游戏进行的历史数据，由于可能会出现多纸牌匹配，因此添加validOfOtherCards属性来获取其余纸牌的内容。因为gameState属性最好使用只读属性，因此我们在超类中去除此属性而在子类中实现

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Deck.h"
#import "Card.h"

static const int MISMATCH_PENALTY = 2;
static const int MATCH_BOUNDS = 4;
static const int COST_TO_CHOOSE = 1;

@interface CardMatchingGame : NSObject

// designated initializer
- (instancetype) initWithCardCount:(NSUInteger)count
                         usingDeck:(Deck *)deck;
- (void) chooseCardAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (Card *) cardAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;

- (NSString *)validOfOtherCards:(NSArray *)otherCards;

@property (nonatomic,readonly) NSString *validOfOtherCards;
@property (nonatomic,readonly) NSInteger score;
@property (nonatomic) NSUInteger gameModel;// >=2
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray *gameStateHistory;

@end

#import "CardMatchingGame.h"

@interface CardMatchingGame()

@property (nonatomic,readwrite) NSString *validOfOtherCards;
@property (nonatomic,readwrite) NSInteger score;
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray *cards;//of playingcard

@end

@implementation CardMatchingGame

- (NSMutableArray *)cards
{
    if (!_cards) _cards = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    return _cards;
}

- (NSMutableArray *)gameStateHistory
{
    if (!_gameStateHistory)
    {
        _gameStateHistory = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    }
    return _gameStateHistory;
}

- (instancetype) initWithCardCount:(NSUInteger)count usingDeck:(Deck *)deck
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            Card *card = [deck drawRandomCard];
            if (card)
            {
                [self.cards addObject:card];
            }
            else
            {
                self = nil;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    return self;
}

- (Card *) cardAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    return (index < [self.cards count]) ? self.cards[index] : nil;
}

- (void) chooseCardAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    Card *card = [self cardAtIndex:index];
    if (!card.isMacthed)
    {
        if (card.isChosen)
        {
            card.chosen = NO;
        }
        else
        {
            // match against other chosen cards
            NSMutableArray *otherCards = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:self.gameModel];
            
            for (Card *otherCard in self.cards)
            {
                if (otherCard.isChosen && !otherCard.isMacthed)
                {
                    [otherCards addObject:otherCard];
                }
            }
            
            //不能放于for循环之前，否则会将本次被选择的牌加入cards，不能放于下面的if之后，否则当if成立时返回，没有将本次翻牌的cost记录，且不能翻牌
            self.score -= COST_TO_CHOOSE * self.gameModel;
            card.chosen = YES;
            
            if ([otherCards count] < self.gameModel - 1)
            {
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                self.validOfOtherCards = [self validOfOtherCards:otherCards];
                int matchScore = [card match:otherCards];
                
                if (matchScore)
                {
                    self.score += matchScore * MATCH_BOUNDS * self.gameModel;
                    for (Card *otherCard in otherCards)
                    {
                        otherCard.matched = YES;
                    }
                    card.matched = YES;
                }
                else
                {
                    self.score -= MISMATCH_PENALTY * self.gameModel;
                    for (Card *otherCard in otherCards)
                    {
                        otherCard.chosen = NO;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

- (NSString *)validOfOtherCards:(NSArray *)otherCards
{
    NSMutableString *string = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];
    for (Card *card in otherCards)
    {
        [string appendFormat:@"%@ ",card.contents];
    }
    return string;
}

@end

子类化的PlayingCardMatchingGame

　　实现类gameState的记录，并添加方法使其在纸牌匹配时记录状态及状态历史

#import "CardMatchingGame.h"

@interface PlayingCardMatchingGame : CardMatchingGame

@property (nonatomic,readonly) NSString *gameState;

@end

#import "PlayingCardMatchingGame.h"

@interface PlayingCardMatchingGame()

@property (nonatomic,readwrite) NSString *gameState;

@end

@implementation PlayingCardMatchingGame

- (void)chooseCardAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    int forwardScore = self.score;
    [super chooseCardAtIndex:index];
    [self updateGameState:forwardScore withIndexOfCard:index];
}

- (void)updateGameState:(int)forwardScore withIndexOfCard:(int)index
{
    if (self.score == forwardScore - self.gameModel * COST_TO_CHOOSE)
    {
        _gameState = [self cardAtIndex:index].contents;
    }
    else if (self.score < (forwardScore - self.gameModel * COST_TO_CHOOSE))
    {
        _gameState = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ with %@ not matched. %d point penalty!",[self cardAtIndex:index].contents,self.validOfOtherCards,forwardScore - self.score];
        [self.gameStateHistory addObject:_gameState];
    }
    else if (self.score > (forwardScore - self.gameModel * COST_TO_CHOOSE))
    {
        _gameState = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ matched %@ . get %d score!",[self cardAtIndex:index].contents,self.validOfOtherCards,self.score - forwardScore];
        [self.gameStateHistory addObject:_gameState];
    }
}

@end

子类化的SetCardMatchingGame

　　与PlayingCardMatchingGame类似，注意在SetCard中并没有content的数据，因此要重写validOfOtherCard：方法，以保证正确获取SetCard的内容

#import "CardMatchingGame.h"

@interface SetCardMatchingGame : CardMatchingGame

@property (nonatomic,readonly) NSString *gameState;

@end

#import "SetCardMatchingGame.h"
#import "SetCard.h"

@interface SetCardMatchingGame()

@property (nonatomic,readwrite) NSString *gameState;

@end

@implementation SetCardMatchingGame

- (void)chooseCardAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    int forwardScore = self.score;
    [super chooseCardAtIndex:index];
    [self updateGameState:forwardScore withIndexOfCard:index];
}

- (NSString *)validOfOtherCards:(NSArray *)otherCards
{
    NSMutableString *string = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];
    for (SetCard *card in otherCards)
    {
        [string appendString:card.suit];
    }
    return string;
}

- (void)updateGameState:(int)forwardScore withIndexOfCard:(int)index
{
    if (self.score == forwardScore - (self.gameModel * COST_TO_CHOOSE))
    {
        _gameState = ((SetCard *)[self cardAtIndex:index]).suit;
    }
    else if (self.score < (forwardScore - (self.gameModel * COST_TO_CHOOSE)))
    {
        _gameState = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ with %@ not matched. %d point penalty!",((SetCard *)[self cardAtIndex:index]).suit,self.validOfOtherCards,forwardScore - self.score];
        [self.gameStateHistory addObject:_gameState];
    }
    else if (self.score > (forwardScore - (self.gameModel * COST_TO_CHOOSE)))
    {
        _gameState = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ matched %@ . get %d score!",((SetCard *)[self cardAtIndex:index]).suit,self.validOfOtherCards,self.score - forwardScore];
        [self.gameStateHistory addObject:_gameState];
    }
}

@end

 b.UI的更新

　　如图：

　　由于SetCard的游戏规则，SetCard并不会被翻回到背面，因此要更改纸牌的牌面图片

c.Controller的抽象化及子类化实现

　　上次作业中针对ViewController有很多只与PlayingCardMatchingGame有关的内容，此次将这些内容转移到PlayingCardGameViewController中，对ViewController进行抽象化，并且也在子类SetCardGameViewController中实现SetCard匹配游戏

ViewController

　　由于许多有关UI的操作需要在子类中实现，因此将他们放到.h文件中，同时titleForCard:与backgroundImageForCard:方法也许要在SetCard子类中重写（想想为什么？），因此也放入.h文件中

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "Deck.h"

@class CardMatchingGame;

@interface ViewController : UIViewController

//protected
//for subclasses
- (Deck *)createDeck;  // abstract

@property (strong,nonatomic) CardMatchingGame *game;
@property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutletCollection(UIButton) NSArray *cardButtons;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *scoreLable;

- (NSUInteger)cardButtonsNumber;
- (void) updateUI;
- (NSString *)titleForCard:(Card *)card;
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForCard:(Card *)card;

@end

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "CardMatchingGame.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (NSUInteger)cardButtonsNumber
{
    return [_cardButtons count];
}

- (Deck *)createDeck  // abstract
{
    return nil;
}

- (IBAction)touchCardButton:(UIButton *)sender
{
    NSUInteger cardIndex = [self.cardButtons indexOfObject:sender];
    [self.game chooseCardAtIndex:cardIndex];
    [self updateUI];
}

- (void) updateUI
{
    for (UIButton *cardButton in self.cardButtons)
    {
        NSUInteger cardIndex = [self.cardButtons indexOfObject:cardButton];
        Card *card = [self.game cardAtIndex:cardIndex];
        [cardButton setTitle:[self titleForCard:card] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [cardButton setBackgroundImage:[self backgroundImageForCard:card] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        cardButton.enabled = !card.isMacthed;
    }
    self.scoreLable.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Score:%ld",(long)self.game.score];
}

- (NSString *)titleForCard:(Card *)card
{
    return card.isChosen ? card.contents : nil;
}

- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForCard:(Card *)card
{
    return [UIImage imageNamed:card.isChosen ? @"cardFront" : @"cardBack"];
}

@end

PlayingCardGameController

　　与上次作业基本相同，只不过变为从更抽象的超类中继承为子类(一些只适用于PlayingCardGame的UI与方法在本类实现)，并且添加了History功能

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface PlayingCardGameViewController : ViewController

@end

#import "PlayingCardGameViewController.h"
#import "PlayingCardDeck.h"
#import "PlayingCardMatchingGame.h"
#import "HistoryViewController.h"

@interface PlayingCardGameViewController ()

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UISegmentedControl *gameModelSelectSegmented;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *gameModelLable;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *matchModelTextFiled;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *gameStateLable;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *restartButton;
@property (nonatomic) NSUInteger selfDefiningModel;

@end

@implementation PlayingCardGameViewController

#define CORNER_FONT_STANDARD_HIGHT 180.0
#define CORNER_RADIUS 12.0

//让界面变得更好看的魔法
- (CGFloat)cornerScaleFactor:(CGFloat)height {return height / CORNER_FONT_STANDARD_HIGHT;}
- (CGFloat)cornerRadius:(CGFloat)height {return CORNER_RADIUS * [self cornerScaleFactor:height];}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    //又是个让界面变得更好看的魔法
    self.restartButton.layer.cornerRadius = [self cornerRadius:self.restartButton.bounds.size.height];
    self.gameModelSelectSegmented.layer.cornerRadius = [self cornerRadius:self.gameModelSelectSegmented.bounds.size.height * 3];
    
    [self.gameModelSelectSegmented addTarget:self action:@selector(segmentAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];//target-action
    
    _selfDefiningModel = 2;//default model
}

- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
{
    if ([segue.identifier isEqualToString:@"show PlayingCardGameHistory"])
    {
        if ([segue.destinationViewController isKindOfClass:[HistoryViewController class]])
        {
            HistoryViewController *HVC = (HistoryViewController *)segue.destinationViewController;
            HVC.history = self.game.gameStateHistory;
        }
    }
}


- (void) segmentAction:(UISegmentedControl *)Seg
{
    if  (self.gameModelSelectSegmented.selectedSegmentIndex == 2)
    {
        [self assertSelfDefiningModel:self.matchModelTextFiled.text];
    }
    else
    {
        self.selfDefiningModel = self.gameModelSelectSegmented.selectedSegmentIndex + 2;
    }
    self.gameModelLable.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"game model:%lu",(unsigned long)self.selfDefiningModel];
}

- (void) assertSelfDefiningModel:(NSString *)text
{
    if ([self.matchModelTextFiled.text integerValue] < 2)
    {
        [[[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Wrong" message:@"game model at least 2" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"certain" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil] show];
        self.matchModelTextFiled.text = @"";
        self.gameModelSelectSegmented.selectedSegmentIndex = 0;
    }
    else if ([self.matchModelTextFiled.text integerValue] > [self cardButtonsNumber])
    {
        [[[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Wrong" message:@"beyond card max number" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"certain" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil] show];
        self.matchModelTextFiled.text = @"";
        self.gameModelSelectSegmented.selectedSegmentIndex = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        self.selfDefiningModel = [self.matchModelTextFiled.text integerValue];
    }
}

- (Deck *)createDeck
{
    return [[PlayingCardDeck alloc] init];
}

- (IBAction)touchRestartButton
{
    //恢复默认值
    self.gameModelSelectSegmented.enabled = YES;
    self.matchModelTextFiled.enabled = YES;
    self.matchModelTextFiled.enabled = YES;
    self.gameModelSelectSegmented.selectedSegmentIndex = 0;
    self.selfDefiningModel = 2;
    self.gameModelLable.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"game model:%d",_selfDefiningModel];
    self.matchModelTextFiled.text = nil;
    
    self.game = nil;
    [self updateUIWithNotCreateGame];
}

- (IBAction)touchCardButton:(UIButton *)sender
{
    //游戏开始后禁用模式选择功能
    self.gameModelSelectSegmented.enabled = NO;
    self.matchModelTextFiled.enabled = NO;
    self.matchModelTextFiled.enabled = NO;
    
    NSUInteger cardIndex = [self.cardButtons indexOfObject:sender];
    if(!self.game)
    {
        self.game = [[PlayingCardMatchingGame alloc] initWithCardCount:[self.cardButtons count]
                                                             usingDeck:[self createDeck]];
        self.game.gameModel = self.selfDefiningModel;
    }
    [self.game chooseCardAtIndex:cardIndex];
    [self updateUI];
}

- (void) updateUIWithNotCreateGame
{
    for (UIButton *cardButton in self.cardButtons)
    {
        [cardButton setTitle:@"" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [cardButton setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"cardBack"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        cardButton.enabled = YES;
    }
    self.gameStateLable.text = @"State";
    self.scoreLable.text = @"Score:0";
}

- (void)updateUI
{
    [super updateUI];
    self.gameStateLable.text = ((PlayingCardMatchingGame *)self.game).gameState;
}

- (void) touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    [self.view endEditing:YES];
}

@end

SetCardGameViewController

　　本类实现了SetCard匹配游戏，因为是UI层，因此使用了NSAttributeString来表示SetCard的内容，同样也实现了History功能

　　注意：由于SetCard牌面始终朝上，因此要在ViewDidLoad中初始化game

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface SetCardGameViewController : ViewController

@end

#import "SetCardGameViewController.h"
#import "SetCardMatchingGame.h"
#import "SetCardDeck.h"
#import "SetCard.h"
#import "HistoryViewController.h"

@interface SetCardGameViewController()

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *gameStateLable;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *restartButton;
@property (nonatomic) NSUInteger selfDefiningModel;
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSDictionary *colorOfCard;

@end

@implementation SetCardGameViewController

#define CORNER_FONT_STANDARD_HIGHT 180.0
#define CORNER_RADIUS 12.0

//让界面变得更好看的魔法
- (CGFloat)cornerScaleFactor:(CGFloat)height {return height / CORNER_FONT_STANDARD_HIGHT;}
- (CGFloat)cornerRadius:(CGFloat)height {return CORNER_RADIUS * [self cornerScaleFactor:height];}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    //又是个让界面变得更好看的魔法
    self.restartButton.layer.cornerRadius = [self cornerRadius:self.restartButton.bounds.size.height];
    
    self.colorOfCard = @{@"red" : [UIColor redColor], @"green" : [UIColor greenColor], @"purple" : [UIColor purpleColor]};
    
    _selfDefiningModel = 3;//default model
    
    if(!self.game)
    {
        self.game = [[SetCardMatchingGame alloc] initWithCardCount:[self.cardButtons count]
                                                         usingDeck:[self createDeck]];
        self.game.gameModel = self.selfDefiningModel;
    }
    [self updateUIWithNotCreateGame];
}

- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
{
    if ([segue.identifier isEqualToString:@"show SetCardGameHistory"])
    {
        if ([segue.destinationViewController isKindOfClass:[HistoryViewController class]])
        {
            HistoryViewController *HVC = (HistoryViewController *)segue.destinationViewController;
            HVC.history = self.game.gameStateHistory;
        }
    }
}


- (Deck *)createDeck
{
    return [[SetCardDeck alloc] init];
}
- (IBAction)touchCardButtons:(UIButton *)sender
{
    //游戏开始后禁用模式选择功能
    NSUInteger cardIndex = [self.cardButtons indexOfObject:sender];
    if(!self.game)
    {
        self.game = [[SetCardMatchingGame alloc] initWithCardCount:[self.cardButtons count]
                                                             usingDeck:[self createDeck]];
        self.game.gameModel = self.selfDefiningModel;
    }
    [self.game chooseCardAtIndex:cardIndex];
    [self updateUI];
}

- (IBAction)touchRestartButton:(UIButton *)sender
{
    //恢复默认值
    self.selfDefiningModel = 3;
    self.game = nil;
    if(!self.game)
    {
        self.game = [[SetCardMatchingGame alloc] initWithCardCount:[self.cardButtons count]
                                                         usingDeck:[self createDeck]];
        self.game.gameModel = self.selfDefiningModel;
    }
    [self updateUIWithNotCreateGame];
}

- (void) updateUIWithNotCreateGame
{
    for (UIButton *cardButton in self.cardButtons)
    {
        NSUInteger cardIndex = [self.cardButtons indexOfObject:cardButton];
        Card *card = [self.game cardAtIndex:cardIndex];
        [cardButton setAttributedTitle:[self attributeTitleForCard:card] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [cardButton setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"cardFront"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        cardButton.enabled = YES;
    }
    self.gameStateLable.text = @"State";
    self.scoreLable.text = @"Score:0";
}

- (void)updateUI
{
    for (UIButton *cardButton in self.cardButtons)
    {
        NSUInteger cardIndex = [self.cardButtons indexOfObject:cardButton];
        Card *card = [self.game cardAtIndex:cardIndex];
        [cardButton setAttributedTitle:[self attributeTitleForCard:card] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [cardButton setBackgroundImage:[self backgroundImageForCard:card] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        cardButton.enabled = !card.isMacthed;
    }
    self.scoreLable.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Score:%ld",(long)self.game.score];
    self.gameStateLable.text = ((SetCardMatchingGame *)self.game).gameState;
}

- (NSAttributedString *)attributeTitleForCard:(Card *)card
{
    NSShadow *shadow1 = [[NSShadow alloc] init];
    shadow1.shadowColor = [UIColor grayColor];
    shadow1.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(2.0f, 2.0f);
    
    NSShadow *shadow2 = [[NSShadow alloc] init];
    shadow2.shadowColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    shadow2.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(0.0F,0.0f);
    return [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:((SetCard *)card).suit
                                           attributes:@{NSForegroundColorAttributeName : [self.colorOfCard valueForKey:((SetCard *)card).color],
                                                                 NSShadowAttributeName : ((SetCard *)card).shading ? shadow1 : shadow2,
                                                                   NSFontAttributeName : [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:10.0f]}];
}

- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForCard:(Card *)card
{
    return card.chosen ? [UIImage imageNamed:@"setCardback"] : [UIImage imageNamed:@"cardFront"];
}

@end

d.history功能的实现

　　HistoryViewController

　　　　属性history用于接收父MVC传来的数据

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface HistoryViewController : UIViewController
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSArray *history;
@end

#import "HistoryViewController.h"

@interface HistoryViewController ()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *HistoryTextView;
@end

@implementation HistoryViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.    
    for (NSString *state in self.history)
    {
        self.HistoryTextView.text = [self.HistoryTextView.text stringByAppendingFormat:@"%@
",state];
    }
}
@end

　　总结：本次作业提出的问题比解决的问题要多很多，作者只是极其简单的实现了作业的大致要求，仍然有许多问题没有解决，如Model的抽象化问题中原有的readonly属性在超类中可能变为了readwrite，是否会产生安全性问题，有没有更好的方法；Controller的抽象化中将许多原本隐藏在.m文件中的输出口放至超类的.h文件中，是否会造成子类对输出口的滥用，有没有更好的解决方案；仍然没有解决State显示内容超出屏幕空间的问题（太懒了=_=)；Setcard的state显示可以使用NSAttributeString（感兴趣可以试试）；同样SetCard中history的显示也可以使用NSAttributeString，此时可能要改变一些传值的内容（感兴趣去玩耍一下吧）；关于SetCard的游戏规则其实还不太完善，比如初始化后可能无适合匹配情况的判断（百度百科的游戏规则中是要再次添加三张牌，我在屏幕中尽可能多添加了几张纸牌来避免这种情况），以及游戏结束情况的判断，本次作业相当于只实现了setcard选择后的匹配计分规则（任重而道远。。。）。到此就是我大概能想到的值得改进的地方（感觉到提出的问题比解决的问题多了吧=_=），一次作业的内容不仅能复习到前面所学的内容，还是对个人学到知识融汇贯通的一次检验，各位加油，有任何问题欢迎讨论：）

作业源码地址：https://github.com/NSLogMeng/Stanford_iOS7_Study/commit/0bb1103ccb4293caa9dc3b12200ba9fb12a51170

课程视频地址：网易公开课：http://open.163.com/movie/2014/1/L/H/M9H7S9F1H_M9H801GLH.html

　　　　　　　或者iTunes U搜索standford课程