• Android客户端的图形化拖放操作的设计实现


    为什么要拖放?
    拖放在某些UI交互中可以简化用户操作。

    拖放的步骤包括哪些?
    “Drag and Drop”,拖放,顾名思义,总共就分三步:
    1, 开始拖起来;
    2, 正在拖;
    3, 放下,进行操作;
    在这三步里,贯穿的是数据的传输,从拖的地方传输到放的地方。

    现在,我们就以一个简单的拖放删除笔记的App来讲解上面三个步骤都怎么实现的。
    App见截图,拽住上面的笔记,然后拖至底下的垃圾桶然后放开,笔记就被删除了。

    1,开始拖拽:
    开始拖拽要解决三个问题:
    1, 什么时候开始?如何开始?
    一般是在用户长按一个组件的时候,我们开始拖拽,所以给要被拖拽的View定义它的OnLongClickListener,在其中调用View.startDrag()方法就可以了。
    startDrag()方法的定义:

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    boolean android.view.View.startDrag(
    		ClipData data, DragShadowBuilder shadowBuilder, Object myLocalState, int flags)
    

    第一个参数ClipData data是拖拽的对象,下面第2条来讲解;第二个参数DragShadowBuilder shadowBuilder是拖拽时的样子,下面的第3条来讲解。

    2, ClipData:拖拽的数据实现?
    数据定义通过ClipData和ClipData.Item来定义,看一下它们的定义:

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    /**
    * Added in API level 11
    * Create a new clip.
    * Parameters
    * label  Label to show to the user describing this clip.
    * mimeTypes  An array of MIME types this data is available as. 
    * item  The contents of the first item in the clip.
    */
    public ClipData (CharSequence label, String[] mimeTypes, ClipData.Item item) 
    

    由此可见,构造一个ClipData对象,作为拖拽的数据对象,它的构造需要三个参数:
    1,label 给一个标签;
    2,mimeTypes
    3,一个ClipData.Item对象
    再来看ClipData.Item的定义:

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    /**
    * The types than an individual item can currently contain are: 
    * Text: a basic string of text. This is actually a CharSequence, so it can be formatted text supported 
    * by corresponding Android built-in style spans. (Custom application spans are not supported and will be 
    * stripped when transporting through the clipboard.) 
    * Intent: an arbitrary Intent object. A typical use is the shortcut to create when pasting a clipped item 
    * on to the home screen. 
    * Uri: a URI reference. This may be any URI (such as an http: URI representing a bookmark), 
    * however it is often a content: URI. Using content provider references as clips like this allows 
    * an application to share complex or large clips through the standard content provider facilities. 
    */
    android.content.ClipData.Item 
    

    ClipData.item有三类构造方法:

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    /**
    * Create an Item consisting of a single block of (possibly styled) text.
    */
    public Item(CharSequence text) {
    }
    
    /**
    * Create an Item consisting of a single block of (possibly styled) text,
    * with an alternative HTML formatted representation.  You must
    * supply a plain text representation in addition to HTML text; coercion
    * will not be done from HTML formated text into plain text.
    */
    public Item(CharSequence text, String htmlText) {
    }
    
    /**
    * Create an Item consisting of an arbitrary Intent.
    */
    public Item(Intent intent) {
    }
    
    /**
    * Create an Item consisting of an arbitrary URI.
    */
    public Item(Uri uri) {
    }
    

    就是分别可以用Text, Intent和Uri来构造。

    3, DragShadowBuilder: 拖拽时的样子:

    DragShadowBuilder可以用来定义拖拽时的样子,可以直接用其构造方法DragShadowBuilder(View view)来传递一个View做为样子,也可以自己扩展DragShadowBuilder类。
    看一下DragShadowBuilder(View view)的构造方法说明:

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    /**
    * Added in API level 11
    * Constructs a shadow image builder based on a View. By default, the resulting drag shadow will have the same appearance and 
    * dimensions as the View, with the touch point over the center of the View.
    * Parameters
    * view  A View. Any View in scope can be used.
    */
    public View.DragShadowBuilder (View view) 
      
    

    OK,拖拽的第一阶段:开始拖拽就讲完了,看一下完整代码:

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    //给要被拖拽的View mNote_1添加长按事件
    mNote_1.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
      @Override
      public boolean onLongClick(View v) {
      //在我的代码实现中,给mNote_1设置了一个Text作为其Tag,这里取出来用来构造Item
        ClipData.Item item = new ClipData.Item((CharSequence)v.getTag());
        String[] mimeTypes = {ClipDescription.MIMETYPE_TEXT_PLAIN};
        //构造一个drag data
        ClipData dragData = new ClipData(v.getTag().toString(), mimeTypes, item);
        //构造一个shadow
        View.DragShadowBuilder myShadow = new DragShadowBuilder(mNote_1);
        //发起拖拽
        v.startDrag(dragData, myShadow, null, 0);
        return true;
      }
    });
    

    2,正在拖拽

    只要给View添加一个OnDragListener,就可以得到整个拖拽过程中的所有回调事件。
    OnDragListener的方法onDrag定义如下:

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    /**
     * Added in API level 11 
     * Called when a drag event is dispatched to a view. This allows listeners to get a chance to override base View behavior.
     * Parameters
     * v  The View that received the drag event. 
     * event  The DragEvent object for the drag event. 
     * Returns
     * true if the drag event was handled successfully, or false if the drag event was not handled. Note that false will trigger the View to call its onDragEvent() handler. 
     */
    public abstract boolean onDrag (View v, DragEvent event) 
    

    DragEvent定义了所有拖拽中的事件:

    ACTION_DRAG_STARTED
    只在应用程序调用startDrag()方法,并且获得了拖拽影子后,View对象的拖拽事件监听器才接收这种事件操作。
    ACTION_DRAG_ENTERED
    当拖拽影子刚进入View对象的边框时,View对象的拖拽事件监听器会接收这种事件操作类型。
    ACTION_DRAG_LOCATION
    在View对象收到一个ACTION_DRAG_ENTERED事件之后,并且拖拽影子依然还在这个对象的边框之内时,这个View对象的拖拽事件监听器会接收这种事件操作类型
    ACTION_DRAG_EXITED
    View对象收到一个ACTION_DRAG_ENTERED和至少一个ACTION_DRAG_LOCATION事件之后,这个对象的事件监听器会接受这种操作类型。
    ACTION_DROP
    当用户在一个View对象之上释放了拖拽影子,这个对象的拖拽事件监听器就会收到这种操作类型。如果这个监听器在响应ACTION_DRAG_STARTED拖拽事件中返回了true,那么这种操作类型只会发送给一个View对象。如果用户在没有被注册监听器的View对象上释放了拖拽影子,或者用户没有在当前布局的任何部分释放操作影子,这个操作类型就不会被发送。如果View对象成功的处理放下事件,监听器要返回true,否则应该返回false。
    ACTION_DRAG_ENDED
    当系统结束拖拽操作时,View对象拖拽监听器会接收这种事件操作类型。这种操作类型之前不一定是ACTION_DROP事件。如果系统发送了一个ACTION_DROP事件,那么接收ACTION_DRAG_ENDED操作类型不意味着放下操作成功了。监听器必须调用getResult()方法来获得响应ACTION_DROP事件中的返回值。如果ACTION_DROP事件没有被发送,那么getResult()会返回false。

    3,放下的操作 
    放下就是响应上面说的ACTION_DRAG_ENDED事件。在具体应用中,要明确我们是在哪里放下才采取动作。本文的例子中,就是把作为笔记的TextView拖拽到一个垃圾桶标志的ImageView上放下时,采取删除该TextView的操作。
    只要给垃圾桶ImageView添加OnDragListener并且监听到ACTION_DRAG_ENDED事件时采取操作就行了。

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    trashView.setOnDragListener( new OnDragListener(){
      @Override
        public boolean onDrag(View v,  DragEvent event){
          switch(event.getAction())                   
          {
          case DragEvent.ACTION_DROP:
          Log.d("trash view", "ACTION_DROP event");
          ClipData data = event.getClipData();
          CharSequence noteName = data.getItemAt(0).getText();
          if(noteName.equals(TAG_NOTE_1)) {
            mNote_1.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Note 1 has been removed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          } else if(noteName.equals(TAG_NOTE_2)) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Note 2 has been removed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            mNote_2.setVisibility(View.GONE);
          }
          break;
          default: 
          break;
          }
        return true;
      }
    });
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mosthink/p/5288920.html
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