前提
DEB是Debian的二进制安装包，但有时候我们从网站上只能得到源码包，这就需要自己编译安装了，但我们也可以把源码打包成DEB。
安装checkinstall
sudo apt-get install checkinstall
示例
已nginx源码为示例演示打包成deb的过程
- 环境查看
# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
# uname -a
Linux liuym-virtual-machine 5.13.0-37-generic #42~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Mar 15 15:44:28 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
- 下载nginx源码包
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
- 解压
tar -xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
- 安装依赖包
apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
apt-get install zlib1g-dev
- 编译
cd nginx-1.20.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
- Make构建
make
- 打包deb
# checkinstall -D
checkinstall 1.6.3, Copyright 2010 Felipe Eduardo Sanchez Diaz Duran
本软件以 GNU GPL 版权协议颁布
*****************************************
**** Debian package creation selected ***
*****************************************
软件包将用下面的值来创建：
0 - Maintainer: [ root@liuym-virtual-machine ]
1 - Summary: [ nginx ]
2 - Name: [ nginx ]
3 - Version: [ 1.20.2 ]
4 - Release: [ 1 ]
5 - License: [ GPL ]
6 - Group: [ checkinstall ]
7 - Architecture: [ amd64 ]
8 - Source location: [ nginx-1.20.2 ]
9 - Alternate source location: [ ]
10 - Requires: [ ]
11 - Recommends: [ ]
12 - Suggests: [ ]
13 - Provides: [ nginx ]
14 - Conflicts: [ ]
15 - Replaces: [ ]
输入一个数字来改变它们，或按回车键继续：
提示：使用以上默认控制文件control，如果需要修改则输入数字修改，否则直接回车使用默认配置即可
打包过程如下
Installing with make install...
=============================== 安装结果 =================================
make -f objs/Makefile install
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/nginx-1.20.2”
test -d '/usr/local/nginx' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/sbin' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/sbin'
test ! -f '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' \
|| mv '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' \
'/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old'
cp objs/nginx '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/conf' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/koi-win '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/koi-utf '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/win-utf '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types' \
|| cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params' \
|| cp conf/fastcgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/fastcgi_params \
'/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf' \
|| cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params' \
|| cp conf/uwsgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/uwsgi_params \
'/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params' \
|| cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/scgi_params \
'/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' \
|| cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf'
cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' \
|| cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/nginx-1.20.2”
=============================== 安装成功 =================================
Copying documentation directory...
./
./README
./CHANGES
./LICENSE
把文件拷贝到临时目录……OK
Stripping ELF binaries and libraries...OK
压缩 man 手册页……OK
创建文件列表……OK
创建 Debian 包……OK
安装 Debian 包……OK
删除临时文件……OK
删除临时目录……OK
**********************************************************************
Done. The new package has been installed and saved to
/root/nginx-1.20.2/nginx_1.20.2-1_amd64.deb
You can remove it from your system anytime using:
dpkg -r nginx
**********************************************************************
会在当前目录生成deb文件
nginx_1.20.2-1_amd64.deb
拷贝该deb文件即可在其他主机安装（本机已在打包过程中安装）
dpkg -i nginx_1.20.2-1_amd64.deb